Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
  • A21B—BAKERS' OVENS; MACHINES OR EQUIPMENT FOR BAKING
  • A21B1/00—Bakers' ovens
  • A21B1/42—Bakers' ovens characterised by the baking surfaces moving during the baking
  • A21B1/48—Bakers' ovens characterised by the baking surfaces moving during the baking with surfaces in the form of an endless band
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
  • A21B—BAKERS' OVENS; MACHINES OR EQUIPMENT FOR BAKING
  • A21B1/00—Bakers' ovens
  • A21B1/02—Bakers' ovens characterised by the heating arrangements
  • A21B1/06—Ovens heated by radiators
  • A21B1/10—Ovens heated by radiators by radiators heated by fluids other than steam
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
  • F26B23/10—Heating arrangements using tubes or passages containing heated fluids, e.g. acting as radiative elements; Closed-loop systems
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
  • F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
  • F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
  • F27B9/068—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated heated by radiant tubes, the tube being heated by a hot medium, e.g. hot gases
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
  • F27B9/30—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
  • F27B9/36—Arrangements of heating devices
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
  • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
  • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
  • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
  • F28D1/05316—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
  • F28D1/05325—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with particular pattern of flow, e.g. change of flow direction
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
  • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
  • F27D2099/0061—Indirect heating
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
  • F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements

Definitions

• the invention relates to a tunnel oven with oil circulation heating, intended for cooking food products, comprising, a sheet metal tunnel, tub radiators placed in the vault and bottom, circulation pipes of oil and automatic temperature regulation for all or part of the radiators.
• Tunnel ovens heated by oil circulation exist in the world only in few specimens, these madmen do not have large dimensions and their temperature regulation is rudimentary.
• This oven system has not been developed because it has drawbacks which are: the risk of oil leakage (particularly serious risk) the impossibility of having automatic temperature regulation and a uniform temperature for all radia ⁇ torers.
• an oven heated by oil circulation is made up of the sheet metal tunnel constituting the body of the oven, radiators placed in the vault and bottom, oil distribution pipes, ranging from the boiler to the radiators and from the oil return pipes to the boiler. All of these elements are at different temperatures, especially at start-up and regime change. The temperature differences may be sufficiently large, so that the differences in expansion cause forces capable of creating cracks or ruptures, in the radiators or in the oil lines.
• the automatic regulation of the heat emitted by each radiator, or by a group of radiators is practically impossible to achieve with precision, because a reduction in the flow of oil in a radiator causes an irregularity of temperature in the different areas of the radiator and a modification of the operation of neighboring radiators.
• the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by creating an oven with a new structure, the advantages of which would advantageously compete with air circulation ovens or direct heating ovens.
• the radiators placed in the top and bottom are composed of iron tubes of small diameter, arranged parallel to the axis of the oven, on the same horizontal plane.
• Each radiator has 3 collectors which are perpendicular to the tubes, 2 collectors being close to one another, at one end of the tubes, e another collector, parallel to the other 2, placed at the other end of the tubes.
• the oil arrives in one of the 2 reader necks which are close to each other, enters the tube that could be numbered 1, 3, 5, 7, etc. then back into the opposite collector, enter the tubes that can be numbered 2, 4, 6, 8, etc. and arrives in the 3rd collector.
• This third collector is connected to the oil return pipes to the boiler. This arrangement is such that the heat emission is uniform over the entire surface of the radiator.
• the radiators are placed in the sheet metal tunnel whose temperature is at times different from that of the radiators. To avoid any tension between the tunnel and the radiators, the radiators are based on their angles on 4
• the radiator On a first support, the radiator is immobilized by bolting. On the second support, placed on the opposite side of the oven, the radiator is simply guided and can move in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the oven. On the 2 other supports the radiator is simply placed and can move in the 2 direction. To avoid tension between the tunnel and the 2 pipes, inlet and outlet of the radiator, the latter cross the sheet metal of the tunnel, at the places where the radiator cannot move longitudinally relative to the tunnel.
• the radiators are supplied with oil, via a main pipe, which leaves from the boiler placed above the tunnel, descends under the tunnel, follows it near an edge and over its entire length.
• This pipe is placed in supports, fixed to the tunnel, in which it can slide effortlessly, when it lengthens or retracts due to variations in its temperature.
• On this pipe are welded as many branches as there are radiators to supply.
• These diversions pass so the tunnel, horizontally, and go up on the opposite face of the tunnel, to feed each radiator.
• the diversions supplying the radiators being of small diameter and of great length, can, when the main pipeline moves, deform elastically, without tiring, the tubes, or the welds.
• the branches supplying the radiators in particular those distant from the boiler, can be artificially lengthened, to increase their elasticity, and form true lyres of expansion.
• the oil return pipe to the boiler is similar to the radiator supply pipe, but it is placed above the tunnel, over its entire length and also near an edge.
• the radiator return connections are made in the same way as the supply connections, they mount on the face of the tunnel opposite the collector, and cross the top of the tunnel, before being welded to this collector. Air evacuation
• the temperature regulation in the various parts of the tunnel is carried out by placing on the return connections of the radiators temperature sensors, acting on motorized valves, by means of adjustable thermostats.
• This regulation is much more precise than that which consists in placing probes inside the oven, moreover, the regulation of a radiator has no effect on that of neighboring radiators.
• the regulating devices, placed above the tunnel, are easily accessible, they are composed of standard elements, built in large series and at a moderate price (the thermostats can be grouped on the control panel of the oven).
• Fig. 1 is an elevational view, schematically showing, the longitudinal oven ent.
• Fig. 2 is a partial view, produced as in FIG. 1, showing a part of the oven, in the case where, being part of a large installation, it is supplied by 2 pipes teries from a central boiler room.
• Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing schematically a radiator with its regulating device.
• Fig. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing, the pipes supplying by way of example, 2 radiators placed in a vault and 2 radiators placed in the oven floor.
• Fig. 1 shows an oven, the body of which is constituted by the sheet metal tunnel 1, in which a metal belt 2 flows, on which the products to be cooked are arranged.
• Six radiators 3, are arranged in a vault and six other radiators 3, are placed on the floor, under the metal mat 2.
• the boiler 4 Above the tunnel are installed the boiler 4, the circulation pipe 5, and the expansion tank 6. From the boiler leaves the oil distribution pipe 7, placed below the tunnel, on which the connections are soldered, supplying the 12 radiators.
• These 2 pipes are supported by collars 9, fixed to a tunnel in which they can slide freely when they lengthen or shrink under the effect of temperature variations.
• the pipes 10 and 11, connect the furnace to a central boiler room, and the pump 12 ensures the circulation of the oil throughout the circuit.
• a 3-way valve 13 is placed on the suction of the pump 12, which sucks a mixture of oil from the radiators and the boiler.
• the proportion of the 2 sources in the mixture is determined by a thermostat 14, controlling the valve 3 voi 13, receiving the indications of a probe 15, placed in contact with the delivery pipe of the pump.
• This device allows the user of the oven to choose the temperature of the oil supplying the radiators and automatically maintains this temperature.
• This device allows feeding tion by a single boiler of several ovens operating at different temperatures.
• Fig. 3 shows a radiator, which is supplied by the pipe 16, connected to the collector 17, on which the tubes 18 are welded at one of their ends. At their other end, these tubes are welded to the collector 19, on which its welded also the tubes 20, the other end of which is welded to the manifold 21.
• a pipe 22 is welded to the manifold 21 and brings the oil back to the pipe 8, back to the boiler.
• This arrangement of the tubes 18 and 20 makes it possible to have the same average temperature over the entire surface of the radiator, and thus to have a uniform chal emission.
• On the return pipe 22, are placed a motorized valve 23 and a temperature sensor 24 which controls the motorized valve 23, through the thermostat 25, which is adjusted to the desired temperature. This regulation makes it possible to adjust the oil flow, to heat needs and to automatically maintain the temperature of the diator at a constant value.
• These radiators are supplied by connections 30, 31, 32 and 33, welded to the pipe 8.
• Connections 35, 36, 37, 38 are welded to pipe 9, back to the boiler.
• the connections of the radiators, supply and return, all have a horizontal part, having the length, at least once, the width of the oven.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Commercial Cooking Devices (AREA)
• Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9257726

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (7)

Families Citing this family (2)

Citations (7)

• 1981
  • 1981-04-22 FR FR8108155A patent/FR2504662A1/fr active Granted
• 1982
  • 1982-04-20 EP EP82901130A patent/EP0076820B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1982-04-20 DE DE8282901130T patent/DE3261512D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1982-04-20 WO PCT/FR1982/000072 patent/WO1982003681A1/fr not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (7)

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