USRE518E - Improvement in sewing-machines - Google Patents

Description

OR NH'iSiNG COP"? IUBBTITUTEQ .Y SEWING MACHINES.

G. MORBY 8: J

B. JOHNSON.

SEWING MACHINE Rereissued Jan. 12, I858 moo s r-invite mag UNITED STATES -I. SINGER AND EDWARD CLARK, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ssrcnnns or.- CHARLES MOREY AND JOSEPH 13.. JOHNSON, or BosTOnM ss.

IIMPRQVEME'INT IN SEWING-MACHINES.

specification l'oriuiu'g part of Letters Patent No. {fill 99, dated February 6, 1849; Reissue No. 268, dated June 27, 18M; Reissue No. 518. dated January 12,185

.To'all whom, it 11mg concern:

Be it known thatCHARLEs MOREY and J osErH B. JOHNSON, of Boston, in-the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful machine for sewing cloth or any. other material or materials to soiv relates to the manner of controlling the cloth or other material to be sewed in. close proximity with the needle, so that the stitches shall be more completely and uniformly drawn tight and the surface of't-hc material kept smooth; and to this end the said invention consists ineombiningwith an eye-pointed nee.-'

die and a feeding apparatus a plate or equiva lent therefor to make a self-adapting pressure on the material to be sewed in close proximity with the needle, and in such relation to the needle and the bed or other surface which resists the puncturing operati on of the needle that the said yielding pressure shall act against the material to be sewed in the same direction as the needle when puncturing the-sam'e,-aud hold such material smooth" and steady while the needle is being withdrawn ,"and at. the same time be free to yield to the inequalities in the thickness of such material ask. is moved along under such pressure'by the feeding motion to space the stitches.

Of the said drawings, Figure 1' exhibits a top view of our said machine. Fig. 2 is a front elevation. Fig. 3 is an end elevation. .Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical and central section. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal and vertical section taken through the axis of the bobbin and looking toward the front plate of the frame, the said section being so made as to represent the hook and the mechanism by which it is operated,

together-with that'by which the cloth-bar is moved. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section. taken just above the needle and the hook to be here inafter described.

The kind of sewing which-is effected by our machine is what is generally knowh under the name of chain-stitcliP-that is to. say, the thread is passed through the cloth in the form of loops, each one of which is passed through the one next to it and in rear of it.-

The for mation of the loops or stitches and their interlacement are produced in a very simple manner by the united operations of a iieedle and a hook,-as we shall hereinafter explain.

In the drawings above mentioned, A exhibits a frame of metal or other-proper material, made in a manner suitable to sustain the operative part applid to it. A driving-shaft, B, extends across the frame A, and has its journals support-ed in suitable bearings applied 7 The said shaft is to be put in operation by a crank or 'belt made I to the sides of the frame.

to run over a pulley, C. A fly-wheel, I), is placed upon the said shaitiu the position as seen in the drawings. This first element or part of the machine by which the stitch or loop is passed through the cloth is the needle. It is seen at a; It is made'like a common needle, with the exception that the eye or hole 0,

arm, (I, which projects. from a -.standard, f, erected upon a horizontal slide-plate or carriage, g, which should be suitably sustained between parallel guides or'ways, so as to be capable of being moved back'and forth in. a direction at right angles-to the front .face or side of the machine. A reciprocating rectilinear motion is imparted to the said carriage, and of course to the needle, by a grooved cam, h, and a stud, 17, whiclrpr'oject down from the under side of the carriage and into the groove of the cam. The said cam is represented in side view in Fig. 9 and topyiew in Fig. 10.

The thread I) is wound upon a bobbin,- lr, fixed upon a horizontal shaft, 1, which is supported by and revolves in bearings made in two metallic standards, 'm n, arranged as seen in the drawings. On one end of the said'shaft I there is a friction-pulley, 0, against the-periphery of which a spring, 19, is made't-o bear with more or less force, according to the amount of friction required, to drag the thread close into the The needle is supported in a horizontal 3 position, .as seen in the drawings, by a curved right angles to the needle, and is jointed,

so as to play vertically, at its rear end to a slide plate or carriage, at, which is supported in suitable guides, which admit of its being moved 'in a direction parallel to the front face of the frame.- The reciprocating rectilinear movements of the carriage u and the hook t are produced by the following-described mechanism: The front end of the carriage n is jointed to the upper arm of a lever, c, which moves ona fulcrum, w. The lowcrend of said lever rests against the periphery of a smallcam or wiper, w, placed upon. the main or driving shaft just in rear of the front side .plate of the frame. The other end ofthe carriage u is connected to one end of a spring, so, whose opposite end is attached to the frame. Now, when the cam 10 is revolved, it acts against the lower arm of the lever 11 in such manner as to cause said lever to move on its fulcrum so as to produce an advance of the carriage a and the hook t in a direction towards the needle. The spring 00 retracts the carriage after the extreme eccentric part of the cam has passed by or acted upon the lever. A top view of the hook is represented in Fig. 11 and a frontside view of it in Fig. 12. The

said hook is made in a peculiar mannerthat is to say, 'it has its point z bent down below, or so as to make an angle with the shank a, as represented in Fig. 12. This is necessary in order to enable the hook to seize the thread on the needle when the hook is retracted or drawn .back over the needle. The loop which is formed upon saidhook is caused, by the peculiar construction of the hook to turn into a vertical position, so as to allow the needle to pass through it when it next advances. with a small projecting bend, as seen at b, Fig. 12, which bend rests and moves up and down upon an inclined or curved plane, 0', disposed nnder the hook, as seen in Fig. 5. The object of the said bend. b and the said plane 0 is to allow the hook to descend a little directly after it has been drawn back from and beyond the needle, in order that the opening of the loop resting on the hook may be made large enough to insure the .passage of the needle through the loop the next time said needle is advanced. A spring, 11', is arranged, as seen in Fig. 5, so as to press upon the hook and cause it to drop downward at the proper time. The cloth, when punctured by the needle, is supported by a plate, (1 which has a smallhole, 6, made through it for the pas- The shank of the hook is also formed sage of the heedle. a is a curvedarm, which is intended to project down in front of the cloth and near the needle. It is for the pun pose of preventing the needle from drawing the cloth forward too far when said needle is drawn out of the cloth. 7

The next portion of the mechanism to be specified is that by which the cloth'is supported and regularly or properly advanced or moved laterally in one direction in order .to cause arow of stitches or a line of sewing to be produced in said cloth. The cloth-bar, or carriagewhich supports the cloth, is seen at 1 Figs. 1 and 2. An elevation of the rear side of it is exhibited in Fig. 13. It consists of a long bar arranged as seen in the drawings, and suitably supported so as to be capable of being moved horizontally and in a plane parallel to that of the front side of the frame. ln other words, it has a dovetailed tenon, projecting from its rear side and extending from one end of it to the other end of it, which tenon moves in a corresponding dovetailed groove. made in the frame. A long rack of teeth, h is-affixed to and projects rearward from the inside face of thesaid tenon, as seen in Figs. 4 and 13. of the cloth-bar has a series of clamps, i f, 810.,

or other proper contrivances applied to it, for

the purpose of holding or confining to the bar the two pieces of cloth to be sewed together. Each of the said clamps consists of a. jaw hinged to the plate and forced against the. plate or cloth-bar by a set-screw, k, which is made to pass through the jaw'or clamp and to screw 'into the bar. A spring, Z, on each screw, and arranged between the clamp and bar, serves to press the clamp away from the cloth when the screw is loosened. The said bar is alternately moved the length of each stitch (when the needleis out oft-he cloth) and suffered-to remain at rest while the needle is passing into, through, and out of the cloth, the samebeing effected in; the following manner: A pawl, m, is hinged to the top of alever, n, which turns upon a'fulcrnm, 0, all as seen in Fig. 5. The said pawl operates inthe rack h, and is forced up against the same by a spring,

1). The lever n has a retractive spring, q, af-

fixed to and the frame A. The said lever is actuated by the cam or wiper 10, before mentioned, which during its revolution so acts against the lever as to cause it to move the pawl and rack or cross-bar a short distance.

The extent of retraction of the lever and paw], and of course the length of each stitch of sewing, is regulated by a screw, 0-, which screws through a fixed stud or projection, s, and abuts against the lever just above its fulcrum. By means of the said screw the pawl. may be made at each retraction of it to slip over one, two, or more teeth of the rack of teeth, as occasion may require, in order that when the pawl is impelled forward it shall move the rack and cloth bar a corresponding distance.

The movement of the rack-bar may be arrested at any time by means of awire, fflwhich The front or outside face;

to represent sections of two-pieces of cloth to is suspended to the pawl, it being necessary I merely to pull onsaid wire so as to draw the pawl out of action on the rack. Having thus describedthe manner in which the said sewing-machine is constructed, we shall now proceed to explain the method of forming the loops and each successive stitch of a series or row of stitches.

Fig. 14 represents on a large scale a diagram of the mode of forming loops and their interlacement. In the said figure a If are supposed be sewed together. The needle is seen at a, the hook at t, andthe thread at a". As soon as the needle has been passed entirely through the two pieces of cloth a? b and to the extent of its motion forward the hook i is made to advance and to pass above and over and across the needle and the thread lying on the upper side of it. This being accomplished, thehookis next retracted and suffered to fall vertically sufficiently to enable the point of it topassinto the depression a, Fig. 8, and below the thread lying over said depression, so as to catch or hook said thread and draw it laterally into the shape of aloop, as seen at 0?, Fig. 14. The needle is next retracted or drawn out of the cloth and the latter moved laterally the length of the next stitch. The needle is next forced forward through the cloth and the loop c' which, by thepeeuliar formation of the hook, will have been so turned upward as to permit the needle, to pass'through "it. The hook is next advanced, and leaves the loop upon the needle and again seizes the thread on the upperside of the needle, and is retracted and forms a fresh loop, the process of looping and interlacing the loops being so continued until the whole line of loops is completed. The slack of thread will be taken up by the action of the spring q, while the tightness of the draft or other surface which resists the puncturing operation of the needle that the said yielding; pressure shall act against the said material in the same direction as the needle in its puneturing operation, and shall hold such material smooth and steady while the needle is being withdrawn and while the stitch-isbeing drawn tight, the said yielding pressure being free to yield and adapt itself to the inequalities of such material as it is moved along by the feeding apparatus to space the stitches, substantially as described.

I. M. SINGER. EDWARD CLARK. Witnesses: 7

WM. H. BISHOP, WM. 0. BROWN.

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