US6099A - Improvement in sewing-machines - Google Patents

Description

w 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. MOREY & JOHNSON.

Sewing Machine.

.Patented Feb. 6, 1849.

I a Sh Sh t3. MOREYMOHNSON. Bets ee.

" Sewing Machine No. 6,099. Patented Feb. 6, 1849.

N. PETERS mawulhu n rwr, wuningtcn. n. C.

. UNITED, STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES MOREY AND JOSEPH B. JOHNSON, OF BOSTON, MA SSAOHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN SEWING-MACHINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N0. 6,099, dated February 6, 1849.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES MOREY and J OSEPH B. J oHNseN, of Boston, in the county accompanying drawings, letters, figures, and

references thereof.

Of the said drawings, Figure 1 exhibits a top view of our said machine. Fig. 2 is a front elevation. Fig. 3 is an end elevation. Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical and central section. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal and vertical section taken through the axis of the bobbin, and looking toward the front plate of the frame, the said section being so made as to represent the hook and the mechanism by which it is operated, together with that by which the clothbar is moved. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section taken just above the needle and the hook, to be hereinafter described.

The kind of sewing which is effected by our machine is what is generally known under the name of ehain-stitchthat is to say, the thread is passed through the cloth in the form of loops, each one of which is passed through the one next to it and in rear of it. The formation of the loops or stitches and their in terlacement are produced in a very simple manner by the united operations of a needle and a hook, as we shall herinafter explain.

In the drawings above mentioned, A cxhibits a frame of metal or other proper material, made in a manner suitable to sustain the op erative parts applied to it. A driving-shaft, B, extends across the frame A, and has its journals supported in suitable bearings applied to the sides of the frame. The said shaft is to be put in operation by a crank or a belt made to run over a pulley, O. A fly-wheel, D, is placed upon the said shaft in the position as seen in the drawings.

The first element or part of the machine by which the stitch or loop is passed through the cloth is the needle. It is seen at c. It is made like a common needle, with the exception that the eye or hole 0, which receives the thread I), is made through the needle very near to its point, as seen in Fig. 7, which denotes a top view of the needle. J ust-in rear of the eye-hole the needle is bent or has a slight depression, as seen at c in Fig. 8,which denotes a side View of the needle. The needle is supported in ahorizontal positiomas seen in drawings,by a curved arm, (1, which projects from a standard, f, erected upon a horizontal slide plate or carriage, g, which should be suitably sustained between parallel guides or ways, so as to be capable of being moved back and forth in a direction at right angles to the front face or side of the machine. A reciprocating rectilinear motion is imparted to the said carriage (and, of course, to the needle) by a grooved cam, h, and a stud, 17, which projects down from the under side of the carriage and into the groove of the cam. The said cam is rep= resented in side view in Fig. 9 and in top view in Fig. 10. The thread I) is wound upon a bobbin, 7c, fixed upon a horizontal shaft, Z, which is supported by and revolves in bearings made in two metallic standards, m a, arranged as seen in the drawings. On one end of the said shaft Zthere is a frictionpulley, 0, against the periphery of whicha spring, 19, is made to bear with more or less force, according to the amount of friction required to drag the thread close into the cloth as the loops or stitches are successively formed. From the bobbin the thread is passed through a hole or eye on the end of a spring, q, made to project from the top of a post, 0". Thence the thread passes downward through guides s t on the arm d, and is carried upward througlr the eye of the needle, as seen in the drawings.

The hook which operates in connection with the needle becomes the next element for explanation. It is seen at t. It is arranged at right angles to the needle, and is jointed (so as to play vertically) at its rear end to a slide plate or carriage, a, which is supported in suitable guides, which admit of its being moved in a direction parallel to the front face of the frame.

The reciprocating rectilinear movements of the carriage a and the hook t are produced by the following'idescribed mechanism: .The front end of the carriage a is jointed to the upper arm of a lever, '0, which moves on a fulcrum, w. The lower end of said lever rests against the periphery of a small cam or wiper, w, placed upon the main or driving shaft just in rear of the front side plate of the frame. The

other end of the carriage a is connected to one tached to the frame. Now, when the cam 10 is revolved, it acts against the lower arm of the lever v in such manner as to cause said lever to move on its fulcrum, so as to produce an advance of the carriage u and the hook it in a direction toward the needle. The spring a: retracts the carriage after the extreme eccentric part of the cam has passed by or acted upon the lever. A top view of the hook is represented in Fig. 11., and a front side view of it in Fig. 12. The said hook is made in a peculiar mannerthat is to say, it has its pointz bent down below or so as to make an angle with the shank a, as represented in Fig. 12. This is necessary in order to enable the hook to seize the thread 011 the needle when the hook is retracted or drawn back over the needle. The loop which is formed upon said hook is caused, by the peculiar construction of the hook, to turn into a vertical position, so as to allow the needle to pass through it when it next advances. The shank of the hook is also formed with a small projecting bend, as seen at b, Fig. 12, which bend rests and moves up and down upon an inclined or curved plane, a, disposed under the hook, as seen in Fig. 5. The object of the said bend Z) and the said plane 0' is to allow the hook to descend a little directly after it has been drawn back from and beyond the needle, in order' that the opening of the loop resting on the hook may be made large enough to insure the passage of the needle through the loop the next time said needle is advanced. A spring, 21, is arranged, as seen in Fig. 5, so as to press upon the hook and cause it to drop downward at the proper time. The cloth, when punctured by the needle, is supported by a plate, (2 which has a small hole, 6, made through it for the passage of the needle. a is a curved arm, which is intended to project down in front of the cloth and near the needie. It is for thcpurpose of preventing the needle from drawing the cloth forward too far when said needle is drawn out of the cloth.

The next portion of the mechanism to be specified is that by which the cloth is sup.- ported and regularly or properly advanced or moved laterally in one direct-ion, in order to cause a row of stitches or a line of sewing to be produced in said cloth. The cloth-bar or carriage which supports the cloth is'seen at f, Figs. 1 and 2. An elevation of the rear side of it is exhibited in Fig. 18. long bar ar *anged as seen in the drawings, and suitably supported so as to be capable of being moved horizontally and in a plane parallel to that of the front side of the frame. In other words, it has a dovetailed tenon, 'projecting from its rear side and extending from one end of it to the other end of it, which tenon moves in a corresponding dovetailed groove made in the frame. A long rack of teeth, h,

is affixed to and projects rearward from the.

inside face of the said tenon, as seen in Figs. 4 and 13. The front or outside face of the cloth-bar has a series of clamps, i i, 810., or

It consists of aend of a spring, :20, whose opposite end is atother proper contrivances applied to it for the purpose of holding or confining to the bar the two pieces of cloth to be sewed together. Each of said clamps consists of a jaw hinged tothe plate and forced against the plate or cloth'bar by a set-screw, k, which is made to pass through the jaw or clamp and to screw into the bar. A spring, Z, 011 each screw, and ar ranged between the clamp and bar, serves to press the clamp away from the cloth when the screw is loosened. The said bar is alternately moved the length of each stitch, (when the needle is out of the cloth,) and suffered to remain at rest while the needle is passing into, through, and out of the cloth, the same being effected in'the following manner: A pawl, m,

is hinged to the top of alever, n, which turns upon a fulcrum, 0, all as seen in Fig. 5. The said pawl operates in the rack 71., and is forced up against the same by a spring, 1). The lever a has a retractive spring, affixed to it and the frame A. The said lever is actuated by the cam or wiper w, before mentioned, which, during its revolution, so acts against the lever as to cause it to move the pawl and rack or cloth-bar a short distance. The extent of retraction of the lever and paw], and of course the length of each stitch of sewing, is regulated by a screw, 0", which screws through a fixed stud or projection, s, and

abuts against the lever just above its fulcrum. By means of the said screw the-pawl may be made at each retraction of it to slip over one, two, or more teeth of the rack of teeth, as oocasion may require, in order that when the pawl is impelled forward it shall move the rack and cloth-bar a corresponding distance. The movement of the rack-bar may be arrested at any time by means of a wire, it", which is suspended to the pawl, it being necessary merely to pull on said wire, so as to draw the pawl out of action upon the rack.

Having thus described the manner in which our said sewing-machine is constructed, we shall now proceed to explain the method of forming the loops and each successive stitch of a series or row of stitches.

Fig. 14. represents on a large scale a diagram of the mode of forming loops and their interlacement. In the said figure, a I) are supposed to represent sections of two pieces of cloth to be sewed together. The needle is seen at a, the hook at t, and the thread at a. As soon as the needle has been passed entirely through the two pieces of cloth a b and to the extent of its motion forward, the hook t is made to advance and to pass above and over and across the needle and the thread lying on the upper side of it. This being accomplished, the hook is next retracted and suffered to fall vertically sufficiently to enable the point of it,

laterally the length of the next stitch. The

needle is next iorced forward through the cloth, and the loop 0 which, by the peculiar formation of the hook, will have been so turned upward as to permit the needle to pass through it. The hook is next advanced, and leaves the loop upon the needle and again seizes the thread on the upper side of the needle, and is retracted and forms a fresh loop, the process of looping and interlacing the loops being so continued until the whole line of loops is completed. The slack of thread will be taken up by the action of the spring q, while the tightness of the draft of it in the cloth will be regulated by the amount of friction exerted on the bobbinshaft by the frictiolrpulley p and pulley 0.

CHARLES ll'IOREY. JOSEPH B. JOHNSON.

Witnesses:

R. I-L EDDY, F. GOULD.

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