USRE14333E - Pobation - Google Patents

Description

. Original 110. ;,202,185, dated UNITEDSTATES PATENT o FIcE;

osca'n ANTON wrnnne, or rmsrone, SWEDEN, AssIGNoa, BY masnn nssrenmnx'rs,

'10 AKTIEIBOLAGE'I' LJ'UNGSTB GMS 'ANGTUBIBIN, F STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, A COB- POBATION'.

RADIAL TURBINE.

e To all whom it may concern:

I out-flow turbines wherein two rotors arhaving concentric rings one rotor extending e Be it known that I, OSCAR AN'roN Wi- BERG, engineer, .a subject of the King of Sweden, residing at Finspong, Sweden, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Radial Turbines, of which the fol lowing is a specification.

The present invention relates to radial ranged to rotatein opposite directions in the same casing are provided, each rotor of blades, those on tween the rings of blades on the other rotor. Such" a turbine,

as is wellknown, is" a very eflicient machine,

but its output for the speeds commonly employed islimited by the axial lengths of the low pressure blade rings that can be employed due to the high centrifugal forces to which they are subjected. I

I have invented or discovered an arrangement of partswhereby this limitation as to .output is overcome and at the same time the high economy of the type preserved. 11 carrying out my mvention the oppositely rotating disks areprovided with concentric rings of blades as before but instead of expanding the steam or other'elastic fluid 1 down to exhaust pressure therein as before it is only partially expanded and hence the volume ofmotive fluid to be handled is ma-.

.terially less and therefore the blade lengths or ri can be well within the limits of strengt prescribed by good engineering nractlce; The motive fluid in its partially expanded state is then caused to change its direction of movement from radial to axial,

vand flow through a blade system having blades that are radial to the turbine axis,

certain of which are stationary and the others rotatable. Since such a system is free from the -mechanical difliculties incident to the radial flow blade system and since the rotor can be made of greater diameter and the blades of greaterjlength, it follows that the necessary cross-sectional varea for the working passage of the motive fluidfcan be. 7

1 Specification of Beissue Letters Patent. Reiggued J l 24' 1917 October 24, 1916, Serial No. 106,220,- flled June 27,1918. Application for reissue filed m 28, 1917. Serial No. 171,443.

into two parts and the rotating parts so formed assoclated onewith each of the parts of said radial flow system, vthe stationary guiding blades or directing devices being supported by the turbine casing.- These lastnamed blades may consist of one "do blade ser es or ring and one moving bl ade series,

but the number of such series or rings may" be seen that the blade lengths of the axial] flow system need only be one-half that required for single flow and hence the diameter of the rotors and of the machine as a whole can'be correspondingly reduced and this without impairing the eiiiciency.

I find it'desirable'to divide the blade rings of the radial flow system into at least two sections which forv convenience may -be termed high and intermediate pressure sectlons. The blade rings of the high pressure section being'relatively short and of mod- 'erate diameter do not ordinarily require special supporting arrangements but in the intermediate pressure section as the blade rings are of larger diameter and considerably longer to handle the increased volume of motive fluid they must be provided. To this end the blades of each ring are divided into relativelyshort lengths between which are strengthening rings or members that are united to the blades on oppositesides- As these members must necessarily. be located in the path of the flowing motive fluid suflicient space should be provided between the" last'ring of high pressure blades and the first ring 0 intermediate pressure blades to facilitate the entrance of the motive fluid to the latter without causingundue eddy represent acentral vertical section of the same, the shaftsbeingshown in side elevation.

d, d indicatefthe inlets which supply 1 steam to the chests d and d from which it flows through passages 11* in'the disks to the inner blades of the radial flow, stem. 6 indicates the conduit which recelved the exhaust from the blade systems. f indicates the high pressure blade rings that are attached to the disks 0 and c Surrounding these blade rings and suitably spaced therefrom are intermediate pressure blade rings f, the blades of which are divided into relatively short lengths with strengthen ng rings f uniting said lengths and occupying planes perpendicular to the turbine axis. Outside the extreme blade rings of the radial system converging, inclined. and preferably curved plates, walls or the like 9 are arranged, constituting an annular deflector approximately V-shaped in cross section, which-will divide the steam from the axial series of'plates and change the direction of movement of the steam in the two currents thus formed from radial to axial. The steam in flowing radially outward strikes the curved deflectors g andin so do1ng 1s compressed to a greater or less extent, the compression of course being greatest at the wall of the deflectors and progressively decreas-' fected for the variation in speed of the blades along their length. Before the steam is admitted into' the space inclosed by the turbine casing and in connection with the outlet, it is forced to pass a radial blade system h, consisting in the embodiment shown only, of one guide blade ring and one moving blade ring, although the number of range of course may be greater. The said deflector g islocated inthe-space between the two'series of radially arranged blade rings h; it is also arranged opposite the middle of the spacebetween the twoturbine disks and annular? outside of. the same and of the series o axial blades. By means of this construction it is possible to attain a very.

I complete use of the ste'am'in the extreme blade rings, :Which in radial turbines with only axially directed moving blades and guide blades causes trouble on account of the great length of the extreme blades and the heavy centrifugal strains simultaneously arising. 'By placing the blades in'the extreme ring or rings radially, as shown in the drawing, it is possible to make these blades of the necessary length without difiiculties.

' The invention, that is adaptedto be applied to radial doubly rotating turbines, is of a special importance in such turbines, be

cause it'is possible in the sameto divide the steam from the blades in the extreme ring of the axial system into two currents and to alloweach current to act on a separate system It. By means of this arrangement each moving blade and guide blade in these systems k may be made of only half the length as in a turbine running in only one direction'.

As shown in the drawing, the guide blade ring in the system Z2. is fixed, but the moving blade ring movable. It is not necessary for the radial blades 71. to be applied to more than one of the disks.

On the outer sides of the disks are mounted concentric rings 2' between which are other concentric rings j the whole forming labyrinth packings to prevent the free escape of high pressure steam from the supply chambers connected to the inlet conduits al As there will be a fall of pressurein theselabyrinths corresponding to the fall of pressure in the radial flow blade system'it follows that the disks 0 and 0 will be bail-1 anced as regards axial thrust.

What I claim is:

1. Two turbine shafts and'a pair of turbine disks mounted thereon for turning in proximity t-oeach other in opposite directions, in combination with axially extending dially arranged blades, some of which are fixed guide blades, the said rotary radial blades on the faces of. these disks and rablades being. arranged to be acted on by the steam after it leaves the axial system of blades.

2. Two turbine shafts and a pair of tur-- blades respectively.

Two turbine shafts and their disks rotating'in opposite dlrections in proximity to each other, in combination with series of axially extending blades on the faces of said disks, a pair of radially extending blades, one of which is carried on the periphery of each of said disks, a pair of fixed guide blades, one of whichis arranged in proximity to each of these radially extending blades, and a deflector arranged in the space between the two radially extending blades, for dividing the outward current of steam and directing it' in two currents to said radially extending blades:

4. In a turbine, the combination of oppositely rotating elements having a radial flow blade system, such elements, an axial flow blade system separate shafts carrying associated with each shaft and connected thereto, conduit means for conveying elastic fluid to the radial flow blade system and for conveying the exhaust therefrom to both of said axial flow blade systems, and conduit means receiving the exhaust from said axial flow blade systems.

5. In a turbine, the combination of high pressure elements having concentric rings of axially extending blades arranged to drive them in opposite directions, a separate shaft for each element, low pressure elements mechanically connected to and driving said shafts, each of said latter elements having radially extendinblades, means receiving fluid exhausting rom the-axially extending blade rings and-delivering it to the radial blades in a manner to assist the axial blades infdriving the shafts, and conduit means for conveying elastic fluid to the axial blades and the exhaust'from the radial blades.

6. In a turbine, the combination of an inner radial flow blade system comprising rings of axially extending blades, op ositely rotating elements on which said bladb rings are mounted, shafts for said elements, an intermediate radial flow blade system comprising axially extending rings of blades divided into lengths with strengthenin rings betweensaid lengths, an outer axia flow blade system which the blades are radially disposed which assists the other blade systems in driving said shafts, and

means for delivering the fluid exhausting] from the intermediate blade system to the axial flow system.

7. In a turbine, thecombination of casing means, rotors mounted therein, a radial flow blade s stem comprising rings of blades alternate y attached to said rotors to rotate them in opposite directions, and an axial flow. blade system comprising stationary blades supported by the casing means, and radial blades attached to the rotors.

8 In a turbine, the combination of a casing means, independent rotors mounted therein, an inner radial flow blade s stem comprising rings of blades alternate y attached to said rotors to rotate them in opposite directions, and an axial flow blade system receiving fluid from the radial flow system and comprising two sets of stationary blades carried by the casing means and two blades, an

sets of radial blades, one set being attached to each of the rotors.

9. A radial turbine comprising two rotors w th-a system of axial blade rings between them which are alternately attached thereto and through which blade rings the fluid dependent rotors with a system of radial flow blade rings between, said rings being alternately attached to the rotors to produce rotation in opposite directions, two sets of axial flow blades, one for each rotor, sets of stationary a supporting member that is common to both sets of stationary blades.

11. A radial turbine comprising two rotors with a system of radial flow blade rings between, said rings being alternately attached to the rotors to produce-rotation in opposite directions, a shaft for each rotor, two axial flow blade systems, one for each rotor, which include sets of stationary guide blades, and a. deflector means having out: wardly curved walls which divides the motive fluid issuing from the radial flow blade rings and directs it into said sets of stationary guide blades.

12. A radial flow turbine comprising a casing, two rotors located therein having a system of radial flow blade'rings between, means for admitting motive fluid to said system in their central region, acking devices which retard the escape. o fluid from said region and also act to balance end thrust of said rotors, axial flow blades which are divided between said rotors to assist the radial flow system in driving the rotors in opposite directions, and stationary devices for directing the motive fluid exhausting from the radial flow system through the' uide blades for said axial flow.

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