US745268A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 745,268. PATENTED NOV. 24, 1903. H. DE WA'LDEN & H. KNUDSEN.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 3, 1903 no MODEL. 2 snmzws-$nnnw 1.

- No. 745,268. PATENTED NOV. 24, 1903.

H. DE WALDE N & H. KNUDSEN.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 3, 1903.

H0 MODEL. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

T)": L PHOTO-Ll ON, D. C.

UNITED STATES Patented November 24, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 745,268, dated November 24, 19 03.

Application filed April 3, 1903. Serial No. 150,966. (No model.)

tion.

This invention relates to turbines and similar motors intended to be operated by gaseous or aeriform pressure, and is designed to provide a simple construction which shallbe cheap to manufacture and efficientiin working.

An important feature is that the main portion of the motor comprises only one moving part and one stationary part, these being each furnished with concentric series of curved lateral blades or buckets. The working fluid enters at the center of the motor and expands and strikes the blades in a radial direction, It travels so propelling the moving part. outwardly past the blades to a casing at the circumference, whence it passes to exhaust, or if it has not already expended its pressure it may be conducted to a second motor on the same shaft, and so on.

A further important feature of the invention is that the working fluid enters the motor through specially-constructed nozzles which have a flaring or expanded aperture and are so arranged that a spiral or whirling motion is imparted to the fluid as it leaves the nozzles. v

The invention will be readily understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a side view, partly in section, showing the general construction ofa turbine according to the said invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical central section on the line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an end view of one of the nozzles. Fig. 4 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of one 'of the'nozzles. Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation showing two of the turbines arranged on the same shaft and adapted to work on the compound principle. Fig. 6 is a Vertical section of a modified form of the turbine.

a and b are two disks constituting, respectiv'ely, the movable and stationary elements of the main part of the turbine. i

c is a rotary shaft on which the boss at of the disk at is fixed in any convenient manner.

Thisboss a is made of considerable lengthand is tapered, as shown, whereby it gives a long bearing on the {shaft well adapted to Withstand the stress due to the lateral pressure on the inner face of the disk at.

dand e are the curved blades or buckets,

which are arranged in concentric rows and are inclined in opposite directions, the blades d ofthe disk a alternating with the blades 6 of the other disk, I). The blades (1 on the revolving disk (1. are curved or inclined the opposite way to the blades e on the stationary disk I), and these vanes extend across the space below the disks. fis a boss forming part of thesaid disk b, and g is an annular chamber on saidboss, into which the fluid unmotion to the fluid.

Z is an outer casing or cover fitted outside the disk a and inclosing the space or chamber occupied by the blades or buckets. This casingis secured by bolts m or otherwise to the stationary disk I). Around its circu mference the casingl is provided with an inner annular channel or cavity 12, through which the working fluid can pass after emerging from the outermost series of vanes or buckets. o is an exhaust-outlet leading from said passage either direct to waste or to the hub of another turbine-motor if two or more are arranged to work on the compound principle, as represented by Fig. 5.

p p are stationary bosses or necks which constitute the bearings for the shaft 0. These bosses are provided with brasses or liners p p, of antifriction metal, and the shaft is prevented from endwise motion by any convenient means. In the example shown the arrangement at one end comprises a thrust-ring or collar p fixed on the shaft by a set-screw p and at the other end a ball-bearing 19 the balls 13 of which work between a fixed ring 19 secured in the end of the boss 1), and a corresponding ring 19 screwed on a threaded part 19 of the shaft 0 and locked thereon by a lock-nut 19 This ball-bearing serves to take up the longitudinal thrust due to the fact that the total pressure in the working chamber acts to force the revolving disk at toward the right or away from the stationary disk I).

A throttle-valve i, worked by a centrifugal governor s of any convenient construction, may be arranged to control the inlet h for the working fluid.

The action of the turbine is as follows: The working fluid enters through the inlet h and passes into the tapered interior of the chamber g, from which it is discharged through the nozzle 2' onto the innermost set of revolving vanes d. After exerting pressure on these vanes it passes between them to the first set of the stationary vanes e, and owing to'these being inclined the opposite Way to the vanes (1 its direction is changed, so that after passing between them it strikes the next set of revolving blades d almost at right angles. This action is repeated between each set of blades, the working fluid expandin g regularly and its pressure decreasing from the center to the circumference of the turbine. Finally, the working fluid after passing through the outermost series of vanes d enters the circumferential channel n to the exhaust 0. The vanes near the circumference of the turbine being distant from the center of the turbine, the leverage is increased, and consequently the amount of energy required for operating the turbine is correspondingly diminished, so that less expansive force is required on the part of the workingfluidatthispoint. Theconsequence of the fluid striking the vanes d is that the revolving disk at is driven round at a very high rate and so rotates the shaft 0. At the same time, owing to the fluid having a rotary or whirling motion as it emerges from the nozzles 2', its kinetic energy is imparted to the vanes in a much more effectual manner than heretofore.

In order to obviate end thrust, and thus enable the ball-bearing to be dispensed with, two motors may be arranged on the same shaft with their revolving disks, respectively, toward the left and right hand sides, so that the lateral thrusts act in opposite directions and neutralize each other, this arrangement was being illustrated by Fig. 5; or the revolving disk may be situated centrally inside the casing of the motor, and, as represented at Fig. 6, provided with blades or vanes on its opposite faces, thus giving a balanced action and avoiding any thrust or end pressure on the shaft.

The improved motor will be found very suitable for use in conjunction with an ordinary steam or compressed-air engine for utilizing the exhaust-gases therefrom, so as to avoid discharging said gases into the atmosphere until theyhave completely expended their expansive energy.

What we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. In a turbine or similar motor, the combination of a plurality of revolving blades or vanes a plurality of stationary blades or vanes, means for supporting said blades or vanes, nozzles arranged within said blades for the delivery of working fluid, and means for causing said nozzles to impart a whirling motion to said fluid, substantially as described.

2. In a turbine or similar motor, the combination of revolving blades curved in one direction, stationary blades alternating therewith and curved in the opposite direction, means for supporting said blades, a shaft passing through the motor, an annular inlet-chamber surrounding said shaft, flaring nozzles secured in said chamber for delivering working fluid to the vanes and twisted partitions within said nozzles for imparting a rotary motion to the said fluid, substantially as described.

3. In a turbine or similar motor, the combination of concentric series of vanes alternately stationary and revolving, nozzles for delivering working fluid to said vanes, and means for imparting a rotary or whirling motion to said fluid, substantially as described.

4:. In a turbine or similar motor, the combination of concentric series of alternate fixed and rotary blades or vanes, means for supporting the same, an annular chamber at the center of the motor for the inlet of working fluid, flaring nozzles in said chamber for delivering such fluid to the vanes, means for imparting a rotary or whirling motion to said fluid, a casing surrounding said vanes, an annular passage at the circumference of said casing, and an exhaust-outlet leading from said passage, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands, in presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 23d day of March, 1903.

HOWARD DE WALDEN. HANS KNUDSEN.

Witnesses:

WM. MOMARSH J AOKSON, T. SELLY WARDLE.

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