USRE13667E - Fritz pfleumer - Google Patents
Fritz pfleumer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE13667E USRE13667E US RE13667 E USRE13667 E US RE13667E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- froth
- pressure
- rubber
- vulcanized
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 64
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 20
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000899 Gutta-Percha Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920000588 Gutta-percha Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 240000002636 Manilkara bidentata Species 0.000 description 14
- 240000000342 Palaquium gutta Species 0.000 description 14
- 235000016302 balata Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 240000002027 Ficus elastica Species 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 240000000218 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001875 Ebonite Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000000474 Heel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012765 hemp Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 india-rubher Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012766 marijuana Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007965 rubber solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=S YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001131 transforming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004636 vulcanized rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
Definitions
- the rubber pieoe is kneaded together with from 2 to 10% of its weight of precipitated sulfur and the piece subjected under the above mentioned gas-pressures to the vulcanizing temperature, 135 to 145 (1., for about two hours, the piece on being relieved of the external gas-pressure does no more allow its contents of gas to escape, and consequently expands to a highly voluminous and regular froth in the cells of which the gas is permanently imprisoned.
- the action of the gas upon the indie rubber is a directly opposite one to the action men- .tioned in the last cited, two specifications.
- the raw rubber should contain any solvent, weight vof one quarter of benzene siderably lower gas pressures being applied for making an equally voluminous froth than are required, when every solvent is recluded. More solvent on the other hand, has a destroying effect on the material, and renders the product of vulcanization inferior.
- the finished froth in the expanded and dry state contains about 9 parts by volume of gas in every one part of rubber, e., about 13 parts by volume of the rubber dough must be chosen for making a froth piece of 100 parts by volume. From this the linear proportions may be derived. If the solvent is left out, inorder to attain the above mentioned proportions of the volume, about 300 atmospheres gaspressure, gaged at the vulcanizing temperature, are required. 1
- the shaping is carried out by either pressing the dough into molds, or for simple sectional pieces by squeezing the dough from a tubing machine-with a; mouthpiece of the required section into endless bars or rods.
- the reception of gas may be considerably increased by mixing intofthe mass porous materials in a pulvei'fi'us state, for instance Kieselguhr, ground cork; bone-black, factice, etc.
- a pulvei'fi'us state for instance Kieselguhr, ground cork; bone-black, factice, etc.
- the pieces are now vulcanized in an autoclave under high pressure of a gas. Nitrogen, carbon monoxid, eventually air'are vulcanized and contains no
- the process is carried out as precipitated sulfur; op to the desired effect the suited to the purpose, while hydrogen and carbondioxid, so-called carbonic acid, are precluded from the technical application on account of their diffusing properties as well as oxygen on account of its oxidizing action on rubber.
- vulcanized material can be transformed into froth an alteration of the described process of making froth .from raw material may be derived in that direction that the raw material be vulcanized first without gas-pressure, and be placed .under gas-pressure afterward. In this case,
- the material should be kept rather hot in order to'carry out vulcanization and froth raising in one uninterrupted operation.
- This optional way has the disadvantage .of the material being longer heated than in the process already described.
- Raw material of high tensile strength is treated in the described manner, no solvent being applied.
- the vulcanization is finished the articles are left under pressure for several hours so that the may cool out and regainth'eir original tensile strength previously to being expanded into froth.
- Part of the gas in the autoclave may be let out directly after vulcanization 'with the purpose of starting formation of the froth structure.
- the gas cooling out after vulc'aniz'ation its pressure further decreases.
- fibrous substances as, for instance, fibers of raw cotton, raw jute or raw hemp are kneaded. These fibers should be no longer than about an inch (5 mm.) otherwise they would conglobate into lumps. By the quantity of fibers admixed the pressure, at which further expansion ceases, may be fixed.
- guttapercha and balata are kneaded with from 5 to 10% of precipitated sulfur, optionally with an addition of antimony pentasulfid.
- this chemical is to be had with an admixture of up to 50% of free sulfur, and 10% of it, containing 5% of the raw materials weight of free sulfur, give a grade of vulcanization best suited to the purpose.
- soft vulcanized guttapercha and balata may be trans formed into froth in the described manner. With this process one can also manufacture froth of hard rubber, hard guttapercha and I hard balata.
- a process for manufacturing vulcanized froth from material such as india-rubher, gutta-percha, or balata consisting in hot vulcanizing raw or partly vulcanized material under such a high pressure of agas that the gas penetrates the structure of the material, and on partly or wholly releasing the external gas pressure raises the material into froth.
- material such as india-rubber, gutta-percha or balata
Family
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