USRE12310E - And wallace l - Google Patents

Description

I No.12,810. RE SUED JAN.31,1G5. 0. u. MIRACLE & W L. 90w.

BUILDING WALL AND GONCRETB BLOCK FUR SAME.

APPLIGATION FILED NOV. 7, 1904.

Miami? W 7% eaaeax re 57 g f/w Km WWW UNITED STATES Reissued January 31, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

ORVILLE U. MIRACLE, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, AND WALLACE L. DOIV, OF SIOUX FALLS, SOUTH DAKOTA, ASSIGNORS, BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE MIRACLE PRESSED STONE COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF SOUTH DAKOTA.

BUILDING-WALL AND CONCRETE BLOCK FOR SAME.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Beissued Letters Patent No. 12,310, dated January 31, 1905. Original No. 730,780, dated June 9, 1903. Application for reissue filed November 7, 1904;. Serial No. 281,806.

1'0 all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that we, ORVILLE U. MIRACLE, residing at Minneapolis, county of Hennepi'n,

and State of Minnesota, and WALLACE L. Dow,

5 residing at Sioux Falls, county of Minn'ehaha, and State of South Dakota, citizens of the United States, have invented new and useful Improvements in Building-Walls and Concrete Blocks for the Same, of which the fol- I o lowing is a specification, reference being made to the accompanying drawingsiorming a part thereof. V

The purpose of this intention is to provide .an improved building-block of the general 5 character of brick, tile, or stone concrete which shall afford. more complete protection against frost and have structural advantages not afforded by the concrete building-blocks heretofore made.

, .It consistsof the featuresof construction which are specified in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, wh'ichform apart of this application, Figure 1 is a perspective of a portion of a wall constructed of v '5 ourimprqved concrete building-blocks. Fig;

7 their detail structure as individual or inde .35 pendent blocks.

Each block is formed with two longitudinal rows of apertures, oblong in horizontal section,extendingvertically through the block,

T the apertures 1 1, 850., of one row located op- :4 posite the intervals or necks 2 2 of theother row. Preferably, also, but not necessarily for all purposes of the invention, one of the rows hasat each end van aperture opening out through the end of the block, the blocks 45 being designed to be assembled in. the wall with these open-end apertures registering to form a completely-encompassed aperture. In order to strengthen the neck 2 between these open-end apertures and the next aperture in the block, there are embedded in the concrete 5 at these necks strips 4 of strengthening fabric,-as woven wire cloth. These strips preferably do not extend to the face of the block, but may without objection extend to the 0pposite aperture 3. nient of theair-spaces 1 and 3 of the two rows has the-purpose and efiect of preventing the existence of a continous neck of concrete extending-directly from the buter to the inner surface of the block..

frost from the outer to theinner surface. The staggering arrangement shown not only makes a long path comprising two of the necks 2 2, 5

each of which'ends'at one end in one of the air-cavities, but 'in addition a length. 5 of the web or diaphragm bounded on both sides by the air-spaces 1 and 3. The exposure of v the web 5, as well as that of the ends of the 10 neck 2 at the cavities 1 and 3', tends very greatly to prevent the formation of frost 1 I onthe inner surface at theend of the neck" 2 which terminates at that surface, because of the large area at which the material may- 75 gather heat from the adjacent air in the spaces 1 and 3. or, conceiving of cold as a positive instead of a negative, because ofthe large area for radiation in the said air-spaces. Preferably the blocks are assembled in the wall with the row of apertures 1 1, which includes the open-end apertures, at the ends of the blocksat the inner side. The advantage of 4 this construction is that thereby the outer side,

which is presumably more likely'to -be ex- .5.

posed to blows or shocks, is the stronger, having none of the open-end apertures which necessitate the short terminal tongues 6, which are moreliable to be broken oifthan the full side wall orbridge extending the whole length 9 of an aperture is to be broken in two, and for the same reason, preferably, as stated, both The staggering. arrange- Such-continuous neck I ,is ODJBCblODiLblB, because it affords, speaking ,in thecommonphrase, a short path for the LII less exposed side.

open-end apertures, which necessarily result i from the staggered construction. are formed in one of the rows instead of one in each row, because by this means all the open-end apertures, and thereby all tie terminal tongues 6, may be at one side and are by the mode of assembling above indicated at the inner and By the construction above described it will be observed that a given amount of concrete formed into a building-block of a given width or cross-sectional area \vill'yield a block of such character that when assembled one above andther'in the construction of a wall it is less liable to collapse, because the comparatively thin walls of the cavities are more frequently braced by the cross-webs; but, furthermore, an; especial advantage from the structure shown is that damage resulting from breaking through the shell into any aperture is very mlich less than would result from similar blleaking if there were but a single row, because whereas in the former case after one i. such break there is still a full aperture with v walls on both sides unbroken intervening bctween the outer air and the space inclosed by the wall, in the latter case-that is, where the apertures are in a single rowa crack or break leading into any one aperture destroys i the whole value of the air-space as a means'of preventing the conduction of heat or the formation of frost, and there is left but a single thin wall between the inside and outside air. In view of these advantages of the form of block herein shown it is designed to construct them of suitable depth or thickness. so that they may be assembled in a single layer to form a wall, the wall being thus of the thickness of the individual blocks only. When thus asscmbled that is, without another layer lapping the joints of the first, as would be the case in ordinary erection of brick structures it is desirable to provide against lateral displacement, which is guarded against by the lapping structure, and for this purpose there are formed in the ends of the'blocks vertical grooves 7 7, in which the mortar hardening operates as a key, preventingto the extent of its rcsistance to shearing the lateral displacement of the blocks.

Preferably the adjacent blocks in each tier are secured together, in addition to the vertical securement eflecbed by the mortar, by means of longitudinally corrugated metal binders 8 8, which are lodged in the mortar lapping-the abutting ends of the two blocks at each joint, as seen in Fig. 2. The mortar hardening in the corrugations of these binders operates, as in thevertical groovesZ, to the extent of its resistance to shearing as a key, preventing-the longitudinal separation of the cavity of another whereby the cavities of either row lap by the consecu tive cavities of another row,

blocks, so far as that might occur, by the parting of the mortar, it being presumed that the mortar will make a conjunction with the block l the other row;

stronger or less liable to be parted than the inortar itself is to be broken, so that the corrugated metal binder embedded in the mortar as described tends to make the entire joint as strong as the junction between the mortar and tween such inner and outer(verticaUsurfaces and must be distinguished by this fact from like cavities which might be interposed between the horizontal (upper and lower) surfaces of the block, and the term vertical is applied in the specification and the claims to these cavities to express this distinction.

Having th us described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

I. A' building-wall consisting of concrete blocks having vertical air-cavities and-intervening necks disposed in a plurality of longitudinal rows, each neck having. opposite it a row longer than such neck,

endsofthe such cavities extending through the blocks from top to bottom, and the blocks being as i semblcd in the wall with their cavities oneabove the other in vertical succession to form continuous vertical cavities in the wall.

52. A building-wall consisting of concrete blocks having two rows of vertical ai r-cavities, the cavities of one row being located opposite and longer than theintervals or necks between the consecutive cavities of the other row, whereby they lap by said consecutive cavities, one of the rows having at each end of the block a half-cavity said end, the blocks being assembled in longitudinal order, with'such half-cavities regisr tered and forming together a contin uous cavity across the junction plane.

3. A building-wall consistingof concrete blocks having two rows of air-cavities, the cavities of one i ng longer thanthe intervals or necks between the consecutive cavities of the other row,

whereby they lap by the ends of such coh-' respectively, one row of cavisecutive cavities ties comprising an open-end cavity constitutinga notch or'recess at each and of the block, the blocks being assembled in thewall with the row having such open-end cavities at the inner side of the wall, and with such opencnd cavities matched 01' registered to form iullyencompassal cavities.

4. In a building-wall, concrete blocks having two rows of cavities, the cavities of one row being opposite the intervals between those of constitutinga notch or recess in row being located opposite and besaid blocks having strengflzew;

75 (vertical) surfaces of the block interposed be I ing fabric embedded in the concrete extending across the necks or intervals between consecutive cavities to strengthen said neck.

5. In a building-wall, a concrete buildingblock having rows of air-cavities separated by intervening necks or webs of the concrete. abutting endsof the blocks having open-end cavities which register to form complete cavities when the blocks are assembled in the wall, said blocks having strengthening fabric embedded in the concrete at the necks or intervals between such open-end cavities and the next cavity. thereto. r

6. In. a'building-wall a concrete block having two longitudinal rows of aircavities, such air-cavities extending vertically through the blocks, the cavities of each row being located opposite the intervals between those of the adjacent row, one of the rows having at both ends an open-end cavity; the block being formed with a strengthening fabric, such as woven wire, embedded in the concrete at the neck between said open-end cavity and the next cavity in the same row.

7 A concrete building-block having vertical air-cavities and intervening necks disposed in a plurality of longitudinalrows, each neck of any row being opposite a cavity longer -than said neck in another row, whereby the cavities of either row lap by the ends of the consecutive cavities of another row.

8. A concrete building-block having a plurality of longitudinal rows of vertical air-cavities, such cavities being longer than the intervals or necks between them and than the intervalsbetween the end of the block and the cavity nearest the end of each row, each such" neck being opposite such longer cavity of an other row, s'u'ch cavity by the excess of length lapping by the end of each cavity next to the neck in the row containing such neck.

9. A concrete building-block having a plurality of longitudinal rows of vertical air-cavities and intervening necks, ,each neck in any row being opposite a longer cavity of another row.

10. A concrete building-block having vertical cavities with intervening necks disposed in a plurality of longitudinal rows, each neck having opposite it in another row a cavity longer than such neck, each end of the block having one of the cavities opening through it and forming a notch or recess in such end.

11. A building-wall consisting of concrete blocks, each of which has vertical cavities and intervening necks disposed in a plurality of longitudinal rows, such blocks being assembled in thewall with their corresponding rows of cavities and intervening necks forming continuous rows of such cavities and necks in the.

wall, each neck having opposite to it in another row a cavity longer than such neck.

In testimony whereof we have hereuntoset our hands, in the presence of two witnesses, at Sioux Falls, South Dakota, September 29, 190 a ORVILLE U. MIRACLE. WALLACE L. DOW.

Witnesses:

F. (J. WHITEHOUSE, H.- M. AVERY.

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