Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/0051—Tabular grain emulsions
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/015—Apparatus or processes for the preparation of emulsions
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
  • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
  • G03C1/09—Noble metals or mercury; Salts or compounds thereof; Sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or compounds thereof, e.g. for chemical sensitising
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
  • G03C1/07—Substances influencing grain growth during silver salt formation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
  • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
  • G03C1/10—Organic substances
  • G03C1/12—Methine and polymethine dyes
  • G03C1/14—Methine and polymethine dyes with an odd number of CH groups
  • G03C1/18—Methine and polymethine dyes with an odd number of CH groups with three CH groups
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/015—Apparatus or processes for the preparation of emulsions
  • G03C2001/0153—Fine grain feeding method
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
  • G03C2001/03558—Iodide content
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
  • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
  • G03C1/09—Noble metals or mercury; Salts or compounds thereof; Sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or compounds thereof, e.g. for chemical sensitising
  • G03C2001/091—Gold
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
  • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
  • G03C1/09—Noble metals or mercury; Salts or compounds thereof; Sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or compounds thereof, e.g. for chemical sensitising
  • G03C2001/095—Disulfide or dichalcogenide compound
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
  • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
  • G03C1/09—Noble metals or mercury; Salts or compounds thereof; Sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or compounds thereof, e.g. for chemical sensitising
  • G03C2001/097—Selenium

Definitions

• This invention relates to a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material and particularly to a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material high in photosensitivity, low in fog, without producing any residual color-contamination and excellent in aging stability.
• a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material has been required to have a rapid processability as well as a high photosensitivity and a high image-quality.
• an image information has been required to be high in photosensitivity and an image sharpness within a short period of time when diagnosing the illness of a patient.
• JP OPI Publication Japanese Patent Open to Public Inspection
• JP OPI Publication No. 63-305343/1988 discloses that a spectral sensitivity is increased by adding a sensitizing dye before carrying out a chemical ripening treatment and a development speed is accelerated at the same time.
• well-known processes for chemically sensitizing silver halide grains include, for example, a selenium sensitization in which a selenium compound is used, as well as a sulfur sensitization, a noble-metal sensitization and a reduction sensitization.
• a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer containing silver halide grains (so-called a parent grains), wherein the silver halide grain emulsion is chemically sensitized with a selenium compound and silver iodide fine grains having a relatively smaller grain volume than that of the parent grains are added, during the course of chemical sensitization, in an amount of 1 ⁇ 10 -5 mols to 1 ⁇ 10 -2 mols per mol of the silver halide of the parent grain.
• the silver halide grains therein may be the regular crystal grains namely; those isotropically grown up, such as those of the cubic, octahedral and tetradecahedral shape; the polyhedral crystal grains, such as those of the spherical type; those comprising twinned crystals each having an tabular shape plane dislocation or the mixture or composite type thereof.
• a tabular-shaped silver halide grains may preferably be used.
• the emulsion applicable to the silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials of the invention may be prepared in well-known processes.
• it may be prepared in the following processes, namely, the process described in "Emulsion Preparation and Types" appeared in Research Disclosure (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated to as RD) No. 17643 (Dec., 1978), pp. 22-23; or, ibid., (RD) No. 18716 (Nov., a979), p. 648.
• the emulsions applicable to a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material of the invention may be prepared in such a process as described in T. H. James, "The Theory of the Photographic Process", 4th Ed., Macmillan Co., 1977, pp. 38-104, G. F. Duffin, "Photographic Emulsion Chemistry", Focal Press Co, 1966, P. Glafkides, “Chemie et Physique Photographique”, Paul Motel Co., 1967, or V. L. Zelikman et al, “Making and Coating Photographic Emulsion", Focal Press Co., 1964.
• such an emulsion as mentioned above may be prepared under a solution condition such as an acidic process, an ammoniacal process and a neutral process, by a precipitation process such as a reverse precipitation process, a double-jet precipitation process and a controlled double-jet precipitation process and the combination processes thereof.
• a precipitation process such as a reverse precipitation process, a double-jet precipitation process and a controlled double-jet precipitation process and the combination processes thereof.
• the preferable embodiments thereof include, for example, a monodispersed grain emulsion in which silver iodide is localized inside the grain.
• the silver halide emulsions preferably applicable to the invention include, for example, an internally high-iodine containing monodispersed grain emulsion of which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection (hereinafter referred to as JP OPI Publication) Nos. 59-177535/1984, 61-802237/1986, 61-132943/1986 and 63-49751/1988.
• JP OPI Publication Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection
• crystal habits of the grain crystals it is also allowed that a cube, an octahedron, a tetradecahedron, and an in-between of a ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane and a ⁇ 100 ⁇ plane may freely be mixed in.
• microdispersed grains means silver halide grains of which at least 95% by number or by weight have each a grain-size within the range of ⁇ 40% of the average grain-size of the total grains and, preferably within the range of ⁇ 30% thereof.
• monodispersity herein stated is defined in JP OPI Publication No. 60-162244/1985 and means therein that a variation coefficient grain sizes is not more than 20%.
• the crystal structure of silver halide may be comprised of a silver halide composition different between the interior and the exterior thereof.
• a silver halide has a core/shell structure comprising a core and a shell having one or more layers different in a halide composition from that of the core.
• the silver iodide content of a highly iodine containing portion is to be within the range of 20 to 40 mol % and, preferably 20 to 30 mol %.
• a tabular-shaped grain having an aspect ratio (that is, a ratio of a grain-size to a grain thickness) of not smaller than 3.
• An average grain-size of the above-mentioned tabular-shaped silver halide grains is to be within the range of, preferably, 0.3 to 3.0 ⁇ m and, particularly 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ m.
• a tabular-shaped silver halide emulsion relating to the invention is to have an average value of the grain-size/the grain thickness (an aspect ratio) of not smaller than 3, preferably within the range of 3 to 20 and, particularly 3 to 10.
• An average grain thickness of silver halide grains of the invention is to be not thicker than 1.0 ⁇ m, preferably not thicker than 0.5 ⁇ m and, further preferably not thicker than 0.3 ⁇ m.
• a diameter of a tabular-shaped silver halide grain is defined, from the observation of the electron microscopic photograph of the grains thereof, as a diameter of a circle having the same projected area as that of the grain.
• a thickness of a tabular-shaped silver halide grain is defined as the shortest distance between the distances of the two parallel planes each constituting the tabular-shaped silver halide grain.
• a thickness of a tabular-shaped silver halide grain can be obtained from an electron microscopic photograph having an shadowing image of the silver halide grains, or from an electron microscopic photograph of a cross-sectioned sample which is prepared by coating a silver halide emulsion on a support and then dried up.
• At least 100 pieces of samples are to be measured.
• the tabular-shaped silver halide grains thereof are accounted for by not less than 50%, preferably not less than 60% and, more preferably not less than 70% of the whole silver halide grains.
• a tabular-shaped silver halide emulsion relating to the invention is preferably a monodispersed grain emulsion.
• the expression, ". . . monodispersed”, herein means that a grain-size variation coefficient (i.e., a ratio of a standard deviation of grain-size distribution/an average grain-size ⁇ 100) is not more than 25%, preferably not more than 20% and, more preferably not more than 15%.
• a silver halide emulsion relating to the invention may be comprised of any one of silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodide, silver chlorobromide, silver iodobromide, silver chloroiodobromide and so forth. From the viewpoint of a high photosensitivity, silver iodobromide is preferred, and the average silver iodide content thereof is within the range of 0.1 to 4.0 mol % and, preferably 0.5 to 3.0 mol %.
• Silver chloride may be contained in any portion of the grain and, it is preferable to localize silver chloride in the outermost shell of the grain.
• An average silver chloride content of the outermost shell is to be not less than 0.3 mol %, preferably within the range of 1 to 60 mol % and, more preferably 5 to 40 mol %.
• the halide composition thereof may be even within the grain, or silver iodide may also be localized. It is, however, preferable to use an emulsion containing silver iodide localized in the central portion of the grain.
• the processes of preparing a tabular-shaped silver halide emulsion may also be referred to JP OPI Publication Nos. 58-113926/1983, 58-113927/1983, 58-113934/1983 and 62-1855/1987 and European Patent Nos. 219,849 and 219,850.
• the processes of preparing a monodispersed tabular-shaped silver halide emulsion may be referred to JP OPI Publication No. 61-6643/1986.
• the emulsion can be prepared by adding an aqueous silver nitrate solution to an aqueous gelatin solution while keeping the pBr thereof to be not more than 2, or an aqueous silver nitrate solution and an aqueous halide solution are added at the same time to an aqueous gelatin solution to produce twinned crystal seed grains and the seed grains produced are then grown up in a double-jet precipitation method.
• the sizes of tabular-shaped silver halide grains can be controlled by adjusting a temperature in forming the grains and the rates of adding a silver salt solution and a halide solution.
• both of the average silver iodide content and the average silver chloride content can be controlled by varying a composition of an aqueous halide solution to be added, that is, a ratio of the bromide, iodide and chloride each to be added.
• a silver halide solvent such as ammonia, thioether and thiourea may be applied when preparing the parent grains.
• the preferable washing method includes, for example, a method with the use of an aromatic hydrocarbon type aldehyde resin containing a sulfo group, such as that described in JP Examined Publication No. 35-16086/1960 a desalting method with the use of a polymeric flocculant such as exemplified compounds G3 and G8 given in JP OPI Publication No. 63-158644/1988.
• a emulsion of the invention is selenium-sensitized with a selenium compound.
• a chemically ripening temperature may optimally be determined. However, it may be within the range of, preferably 20° C. to 90° C., more preferably 30° C. to 80° C. and, particularly 35° C. to 70° C.
• a selenium sensitizer applicable to the invention the selenium compound disclosed in any patents having so far been well-known may be used.
• a selenium sensitization is usually carried out by adding an unstable type selenium compound and/or a non-unstable type selenium compound to a silver halide emulsion and then by stirring the emulsion at a high temperature, preferably at a temperature of not lower than 40° C., for a given period of time.
• An unstable type selenium compound applicable thereto include, preferably, those described in, for example, JP Examined Publication Nos. 44-15748/1969 and 43-13489/1968.
• the examples thereof include an isoselenocyanate (such as an aliphatic isoselenocyanate, e.g., allyl isoselenocyanate) a selenourea, a selenoketone, a selenoamide, a selenocarboxylic acid (such as 2-selenopropionic acid and 2-selenobutyric acid), a selenoester, a diacylselenide (such as bis(3-chloro-2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)selenide), a selenophosphate, a phosphine selenide and a colloidal metal selenium.
• an isoselenocyanate such as an aliphatic isoselenocyanate, e.g., allyl isoselenocyanate
• a selenourea such as an aliphatic isoselenocyanate, e.
• a non-unstable type selenium compound applicable to the invention include, for example, those described in JP Examined Publication Nos. 46-4553/1971, 52-34492/1977 and 52-34491/1977.
• Such a non-unstable type selenium compound as mentioned above include, for example, selenious acid, potassium selenocyanide, a selenazole, a quaternary salt of a selenazole, diaryl selenide, diaryl diselenide, dialkyl selenide, dialkyl diselenide, 2-selenazolidine dione, 2selenoxazolidine dione and the derivatives thereof.
• the preferable selenium compounds include, for example, those represented by the following formulas (1) and (2). ##STR1##
• Z 1 and Z 2 may be the same with or different from each other and represent each an alkyl group (such as that of methyl, ethyl, t-butyl, adamantyl or t-octyl), an alkenyl group (such as that of vinyl or propenyl), an aralkyl group (such as that of benzyl or phenethyl), an aryl group (such as that of phenyl, pentafluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 4-octyl sulfamoyl phenyl or naphthyl), a heterocyclic group (such as that of pyridyl, thienyl, furyl or imidazolyl), --NR 1 (R 2 ), --OR 3 or --SR 4 .
• alkyl group such as that of methyl, ethyl, t-butyl, adamantyl or t-oc
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 may be the same with or different from each other and represent each an alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heterocyclic group.
• the alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heterocyclic group include the same examples given for Z 1 ; provided, however, that R 1 and R 2 may also represent each a hydrogen atom or an acyl group (such as that of acetyl, propanoyl, benzoyl, heptafluorobutanoyl, difluoroacetyl, 4-nitrobenzoyl, naphthoyl or 4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl).
• Z 1 represents preferably an alkyl, aryl or --NR 1 (R 2 ) and Z 2 represents --NR 5 (R 6 ).
• R 1 , R 2 , R 5 and R 6 may be the same with or the different from each other and represent each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or an acyl group.
• N,N-dialkyl selenourea N,N,N'-trialkyl-N'-acyl selenourea, tetralkyl selenourea, N,N-dialkyl-aryl selenoamide or N-alkyl-N-aryl selenoamide.
• Z 3 , Z 4 and Z 5 may be the same with or the different from each other and represent each an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group, --OR 7 , --NR 8 (R 9 ), --SR 10 , --SeR 11 , --X or a hydrogen atom.
• R 7 , R 10 and R 11 represent each an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group, a hydrogen atom or a cation.
• R 8 and R 9 represent each an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group or a hydrogen atom.
• X represents a halogen atom.
• Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 represent each an aliphatic group including, for example, a straight-chained, branched or cyclic group of alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, aralkyl (such as a group of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-hexadecyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, allyl, 2-butenyl, 3-[pentenyl, propargyl, 3-pentenyl, benzyl or phenethyl).
• aralkyl such as a group of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, n-butyl,
• Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 represent each an aromatic group including, for example, a monocyclic or condensed-cyclic aryl group (such as a group of phenyl, pentafluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 3-sulfophenyl, naphthyl or 4-methylphenyl).
• a monocyclic or condensed-cyclic aryl group such as a group of phenyl, pentafluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 3-sulfophenyl, naphthyl or 4-methylphenyl.
• Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 represent each a heterocyclic group including, for example, a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic group having a 3 to 10 membered ring containing at least one of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms, (such as a group of pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl or benzimidazolyl).
• R 7 , R 10 and R 11 represent each a cation including, for example, an alkali-metal atom or ammonium; and X represents a halogen atom such as that of fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
• Z 3 , Z 4 or Z 5 represents preferably an aliphatic group, an aromatic group or -OR 1 ; and R 7 represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group.
• the above-mentioned groups include, more preferably, a trialkyl phosphine selenide, triaryl phosphine selenide, trialkyl selenophosphate or triaryl selenophosphate.
• the above-mentioned selenium sensitizers are each dissolved in an organic solvent such as methanol or ethanol, or in the solvents in combination and the resulting solution is then added in the course of carrying out chemical sensitization (or chemical repening) and, preferably immediately before starting the chemical sensitization.
• the selenium sensitizer shall not be limited to any single kind thereof, but they may be used in combination. It is also allowed to make combination use of the above-mentioned unstable selenium compounds and non-unstable selenium compounds.
• a selenium sensitizer applicable to the invention may be used in an amount of, preferably not less than 1 ⁇ 10 -8 per mol of silver halide used and, more preferably within the range of not less than 1 ⁇ 10 -7 mols to 3 ⁇ 10 -5 mols; provided that the amount thereof may be varied according to the activity thereof, the kinds and sizes of silver halide used and the temperatures and periods of carrying out a ripening treatment.
• the chemical ripening temperature is preferably not lower than 45° C. and, more preferably within the range of not lower than 50° C. to not higher than 80° C. Any pH and pAg thereof may freely be used. For example, the effects of the invention can be obtained when the pH thereof is within the range of 4 to 9. It is also effective to carry out a selenium sensitization in the presence of a silver halide solvent.
• a silver halide solvent applicable to the invention include, for example, (a) an organic thioether described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,271,159, 3,531,289 and 3,574,628, JP OPI Publication Nos. 54-1019/1979 and 54-158917/1979, (b) a thiourea derivative described in JP OPI Publication Nos. 53-82408/1978, 55-77737/1980 and 55-2982/1980, (c) a silver halide solvent having a thiocarbonyl group sandwiched between an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom, described in JP OPI Publication No.
• the particularly preferable solvents include, for example, thiocyanate and tetramethyl thiourea.
• thiocyanate for example, it is preferably used in an amount within the range of 1 ⁇ 10 -4 to 1 ⁇ 10 -2 mols per mol of silver halide used, provided that an amount of a solvent applied thereto may be varied by the kinds thereof.
• a silver halide emulsion of the invention can achieve a high photosensitivity and a low fog when making use in combination with a sulfur sensitization and/or a gold sensitization in the course of carrying out a chemical sensitization.
• the above-mentioned sulfur sensitization is usually carried out by adding a sulfur sensitizer and the subject emulsion is stirred at a high temperature of, preferably not lower than 40° C. for a specific period of time.
• the above-mentioned gold sensitization is usually carried out by adding a gold sensitizer and the subject emulsion is stirred at a high temperature of, preferably not lower than 40° C. for a period of time.
• a well-known sulfur sensitizer may be used.
• they include a thiosulfate, a thiourea, allylisothiacyanate, cystine, a p-toluene thiosulfonate and rhodanine.
• the amount thereof to be added is preferably within the range of 5 ⁇ 10 -8 to 5 ⁇ 10 -5 mol/molAgX.
• Gold sensitizers include a chloroaurate such as potassium chloroaurate, a gold-thioarea complex, auric trichloride, an auric thiocyanate, potassium iodoaurate, and pyridyl trichlorogold.
• An addition amount thereof is preferably 5 ⁇ 10 -7 to 5 ⁇ 10 -3 mol/molAgX.
• the grain-size thereof is preferably not larger than 0.12 ⁇ m, more preferably not larger than 0.09 ⁇ m and, particularly not larger than 0.06 ⁇ m.
• a cubic crystal type y-AgI and a hexagonal crystal type ⁇ -AgI are generally known as silver iodide, however, when applying silver iodide fine grains to the invention, they may have any crystal structures or the mixtures thereof.
• Silver iodide fine grains applicable to the invention are preferable to be excellent in monodispersity, and they are also preferable to be prepared by a double-jet precipitation method while controlling the temperature, pH and pAg.
• the above-mentioned silver iodide fine grains are preferable to be added in an amount of, preferably not more than 1 ⁇ 10 -2 mols per mol of a parent grain emulsion used and, more preferably within the range of 1 ⁇ 10 -4 mols to 2 ⁇ 10 -3 mols per mol of the parent grain emulsion used.
• Silver iodide fine grains of the invention may be added at a time from a chemical ripening step to the point of time immediately prior to a coating step and, preferably in the course of carrying out a chemical ripening step.
• a chemical ripening step stated herein means that the courses between the point of time when completing a desalting treatment after forming the grains of a parent grain emulsion to the point of time when completing and stopping the chemical ripening.
• the methods for stopping chemical ripening there include the known methods such as temperature lowering, pH-lowering and making use of a chemical ripening stopper.
• the known chemical ripening stoppers include, for example, a halide (such as potassium bromide and sodium chloride) and an organic compound (such as 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetrazaindene) known as an antifoggant or a stabilizer. They are used singly or in combination with plural compounds.
• silver iodide fine grains may be added dividedly into several times with some time intervals, or it is also allowed that a further chemically ripened emulsion is added after adding silver iodide fine grains.
• a parent grain emulsion is to have a temperature within the range of, preferably, 30° to 80° C. and, more preferably, 40° to 65° C.
• the invention is to be embodied, preferably, under the conditions where a part of or all of the silver iodide fine grains are to disappear in the course from the completion of the addition thereof to the point of time immediately before carrying out a coating and, more preferably, under the conditions where not less than 20% of silver iodide fine grains added thereto are to disappear immediately before carrying out a coating.
• the above-mentioned disappeared grains can be quantitatively determined in such a manner that, upon centrifuging an emulsion or a coating solution under the suitable conditions after adding silver iodide fine grains thereto, the absorption spectra of the resulting supernatant are measured and the measured spectra thereof are then compared to the silver halide fine grains having an already-known density.
• a silver halide emulsion relating to the invention may be spectrally sensitized with a sensitizing dye.
• any one of the commonly applicable sensitizing dyes may be used, such as cyanine, merocyanine or complexed cyanine, complexed merocyanine, styryl and hemicyanine.
• the sensitizing dyes applicable to the invention include, for example, those given in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,522,052, 3,619,197, 3,713,828, 3,615,643, 3,615,632, 3,617,293, 3,628,964, 3,703,377, 3,666,480, 3,667,960, 3,679,428, 3,672,897, 3,769,026, 3,556,800, 3,615,613, 3,615,635, 3,615,638, 3,705,809, 3,632,349, 3,677,65 , 3,770,440, 3,770,449, 3,769,025, 3,745,014, 3,713,828, 3,567,458, 3,625,698, 2,526,632 and 2,503,776, JP OPI Publication No. 48-76525/1973, and Belgian Patent No. 691,807. Now, some concrete examples of the sensitizing dyes preferably applicable to the invention will be given below. ##STR4##
• a sensitizing dye mat be added in an amount within the range of, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 -4 mols to 1 ⁇ 10 -3 mols per mol of silver halide used and, more preferably 2 ⁇ 10 -4 mols to 8 ⁇ 10 -4 mols, provided, however, that the amounts thereof may be varied by the kinds of a dye, the purposes of a spectral sensitization or the compositions of an emulsion.
• a sensitizing dye may be added any time from the point of time when completing a parent grain growing step to the point of time before completing a chemical sensitization step. Such a dye as mentioned above is added upon dissolving it in a hydrophilic solvent such as methanol or ethanol.
• the monodispersed cubic silver iodobromide grains having an average grain-size of 0.3 ⁇ m and containing 2 mol % of silver iodide were prepared in a double-jet precipitation method, while controlling the temperature to be 60° C., the pAg to be 2.0 and the pH to be 2.0.
• the resulting emulsion was desalted at 40° C. by making use of an aqueous solution of Demol N (an aldehyde condensate of sodium naphthalene sulfonate manufactured by Kao-Atlas Corp.) and magnesium sulfate, and the desalted matter was then redispersed in an aqueous gelatin solution, so that a seed emulsion could be prepared.
• Demol N an aldehyde condensate of sodium naphthalene sulfonate manufactured by Kao-Atlas Corp.
• the resulting seed emulsion was dispersed in an aqueous gelatin solution being kept at 40° C. and the pH thereof was adjusted to be 9.7 by making use of aqueous ammonia and acetic acid.
• an aqueous ammoniacal silver nitrate solution and an aqueous solution of potassium bromide and potassium iodide were each added in a double-jet precipitation method.
• the pAg and pH were adjusted to be 7.3 and 9.7, respectively, so that a layer having a silver iodide content of 35 mol % could be formed.
• an aqueous ammoniacal silver nitrate solution and an aqueous potassium bromide solution were each added thereto in a double-jet precipitation method.
• the pAg thereof was kept to be 9.5 until 95% of an objective grain-size thereof could reached and the pH thereof was continuously varied during the pH thereof was changed from 8.0 into 9.0. Thereafter, the pAg thereof was adjusted to be 11.0 and while keeping the pH thereof to be 8.0, the grain-size thereof was grown up to reach the objective grain-size.
• the pH was lowered to 6.0 by making use of acetic acid and exemplified compound 3 was added thereto as a spectrally sensitizing dye in an amount of 400 mg/mol of AgX.
• a desalting treatment was carried out in the same manner as mentioned above and the resulting desalted matter was then dispersed in an aqueous gelatin solution.
• monodisperse type silver iodobromide emulsions (A), (B) and (C) each comprising round-shaped tetradecahedral, regular crystal grains were so prepared as to have an average silver iodide contents of 2.0 mol %, the average grain-sizes of 0.40 ⁇ m, 0.65 ⁇ m and 1.00 ⁇ m and the variation coefficients of 17%, 16% and 16%, respectively.
• the resulting emulsions were mixed up in a proportion of 15:65:20 by weight, so that regularly crystallized emulsion Em-1 could be prepared.
• Em-1 To the resulting Em-1, suitable amounts of sodium thiosulfate, chloroauric acid and ammonium thiocyanate were each added and then exemplified compounds 4 and 21 which were each of the selenium sensitizers relating to the invention were added thereto, so that a chemical ripening treatment was carried out at 48° C.
• exemplified sensitizing dye 3 was added thereto in an amount of mol per mol of silver halide used, such as shown in Table If so that a spectral sensitization was carried out.
• Potassium iodide (KI) for comparing it to the silver iodide fine grains of the invention was added by taking 30 minutes as shown in Table 1. Further, a ripening treatment was carried out by taking 20 minutes at the same temperature and 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-l,3,3a,7-tetrazaindene was then added in an amount of 2.4 g per mol of silver halide used. Thereafter, the temperature was lowered and the ripening treatment was stopped in operation. The following additives was added to each of the resulting 15 kinds of emulsions, so that the coating solutions could be prepared, respectively.
• KI Potassium iodide
• the amounts added are each shown by an amount per mol of silver halide used therein.
• the additives applied to a protective layer solution were as follows. The amounts thereof added are each herein indicated by an amount per gram of gelatin.
• the amounts of silver and gelatin coated on every sample were so adjusted as to be 2.0 g/m 2 and 3.5 g/m 2 per the single side of the base, respectively.
• Two (2) sets of the samples were prepared. On set of the samples was allowed to stand for one day, and the other set thereof was allowed to stand for 90 days. Each of the sets was then developed for the artificial, preservation tests. These samples were each sandwiched between x-ray photographic intensifying screens KO-250 (manufactured by Konica Corp.) and exposed to X-rays through a penetrator Model B. Thereafter, the samples were each developed with the following processing solutions under the following processing conditions, through an automatic processor.
• the resulting starter was added in an amount of 20 ml per 10.0 liters of the developer used.
• the developer was prepared by adding Part-A and Part-B at the same time to about 3 liters of water. While the mixture thereof was being stirred, water was added thereto so as to make 10.8 liters. The pH thereof was adjusted to be 10.4 with glacial acetic acid. The resulting solution was used as the developer.
• the fixer was prepared by adding Part-A and Part-B at the same time to about 3 liters of water. While the mixture thereof was being stirred, water was added thereto so as to make 16.4 liters. The pH thereof was adjusted to be 4.6 with NaOH. The resulting solution was used as the fixer.
• each sensitivity was obtained from the reciprocal of a exposure energy necessary to give a density of a fog +1.0, and the photosensitivity of each sample was indicated by a value relative to the photosensitivity (regarded as a value of 100) of sample No. 1 allowed to stand for one day after coated.
• a subject sample coated, but not exposed to light was developed in the same processing manner as in sensitometry, and the resulting residual color contamination was evaluated with the naked eye by the following 5 grades.
• the invention was proved that a photosensitivity lowering and a fog increase can be inhibited in the course of preserving a raw stock of film, and that a sample can be so obtained as to reduce residual-coloring.
• an aqueous silver nitrate solution and an aqueous equivalent mol-potassium bromide solution containing hydrogen peroxide-treated gelatin were each added. After elapsing 1.5 minutes, the temperature of the resulting mixture was lowered down to 25° C. by taking 30 minutes. Thereafter, aqueous ammonia (in a 28% solution) was added in an amount of 80 ml per mol of silver nitrate used, and the resulting mixture was kept stirred for 5 minutes. After the pH thereof was adjusted to be 6.0 with acetic acid, the desalting treatment was carried out in the same manner as aforementioned and an aqueous gelatin solution was the added thereto so that the resulting mixture could be redispersed.
• the resulting seed emulsion was proved to be spherical-shaped grains having an average grain-size of 0.23 ⁇ m and a variation coefficient of 0.28.
• the grains were grown up in the following manner.
• An aqueous solution of potassium bromide and potassium iodide and an aqueous silver nitrate solution were each added to an aqueous solution containing ossein gelatin and disodium polyethyleneoxy-polypropyleneoxy-di-succinate, which was being violently stirred at 75° C., in a double-jet precipitation method.
• the pH and pAg thereof were kept at 5.8 and 9.0, respectively.
• the pH was adjusted to be 6.0 and exemplified compound 3 was added thereto in an amount of 400 mg/mol AgX so as to serve as a spectral sensitizing dye.
• a desalting treatment was carried out in the same manner as above and the desalted matter was dispersed in an aqueous gelatin solution.
• Tabular-shaped silver iodobromide emulsions Em-2, Em-3 and Em-4 having an average silver iodide-content of 1.5 mol %, a projective area diameter of 0.96 ⁇ m, a variation coefficient of 25% and the aspect ratios (i.e., a ratios of a projective area diameter/a grain thickness) of 2.0, 3.5 and 5.0 were each prepared respectively in the same manner as above, except that the pAg and potassium iodide were changed.
• the suitable amounts each of sodium thiosulfate, chloroauric acid, ammonium thiocyanate and a selenium sensitizer were added, and a chemical ripening treatment was applied at 48° C. to each of the mixtures.
• the amounts of the chemical sensitizers added thereto followed the amount thereof added in sample No. 3 of example 1.
• a spectral sensitization was carried out by adding exemplified sensitizing dye 3 in an amount of 0.9 milli-mols per mol of silver halide used.
• KI was added by taking 30 minutes as shown in the following table 2 for comparing to a silver iodide fine grains relating to the invention and, further, a ripening treatment was carried out at the same temperature for 20 minutes and 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetrazaindene was added in an amount of 2.4 g per mol of silver halide used. Then, the temperature thereof was lowered down to stop the ripening treatment in operation. Next, the same additives as used in example 1 were each added to the 5 kinds of emulsions so that the coating solutions could be prepared and thereby the 5 kinds of samples could then be prepared. With the resulting samples, the preservability and residual color production were evaluated in quite the same manner as in example 1. The results thereof were shown in the following table 2.

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• 1993
  • 1993-08-10 JP JP5198545A patent/JPH0756257A/ja active Pending
• 1994
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