US956210A - Condenser. - Google Patents

Description

Patented Apr. 26, 1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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A PEA) Mi jaw 1Q 0. J, snow. CONDENSER.

APPLICATION FILED MAYE, 1909.

Patented Apr. 26, 1910.

a SnEnTssmn'r 2.

mYmnn? O. J. SNOW.

CONDENSER.

APPLICATION FILED mars, 1909.

Patented Apr. 26, 1910.

BSHEETS-SHEET s.

ATIBRNEYS senate.

STATES PATENT OFFICE. x

GHARLES .rsnovr, or PENNSYLVANIA.

CONDENSER. I

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Apr, 26, 1910, Application filed May 5, 1909. Serial No. 493,993.

To all whom it may cone-em.- U fied form of my invention. 'Fig.- 5 repre- B it k t that-L cfimz J S ow,asents a broken transverse section of a further subjectof the' Kin bf Great Britain, remodifi t ngrepresents a bro en siding at Lansdowne, county of Delaware, long tudmal sectlo'n of the structure shown a State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new 111 Flgi 5. 6-0

and useful Condenser, of which the follow- I 18 generally known that small condensin% is ,a specification. 4 r p k ers are relatively more efliclent than large The puppoge f ny inygntion to reduce OIIBS (111G chiefly t0 the correspondingly short a I the length of flow ofthesteamin condens'ers l g of flow of the steam through the "it? for steam enginesfturbines, etc., toremove' tubes or any 580131011 of tubes and to the the water therefrom at short. space intervals ma er area of tube surface per volume 9011-. b means other than the coolingssurfaoesf ta1ned,-allow1ng generally a better d1str1bu-- and to provide. for drainage of the water so, t101} 9 Steam OVeI the Surface- QW y removed; I split-tlng u a condenser as is (10116111 my it Afurther urpose of myinvention is to; Invention y g u m l p ns and divide'a con enserlongitudinally into two: l a. number of parts -wh1ch are or more'compartments and-direct the steam small as compared to the whole, the results transversely within these compartments. f h h b 1 1 Small linl ts are more nearly a A further purpose of my jnvention i t duplicated in a'lar e unit than heretofore.

a'l) most advantageously collect the water by! My inventionre ates-to the condensatmn means of baiiie plates and walls of condenser f 0f m S eam i om englnes and Steam "from the steam being condensed, the bafiles i l Whlch t e d t OIl 1S proservinglhe additional function of determin- 'duced yic nta t of exhaust Steam Wlth i th di ti f Steam fl metallic surfaces cooled b water.

2 5 A furth r purpose f y in ti n i t I divide the condenser ongitudinally and make use of the momentum of the steam to u e f ba es Such that the containing deposit water therefrom upon surfaces'othcr "Walls Of the cohdenfiier d e h l P than the condensing s rfa e I i sent surfaces approxlmately at r1ght angles "A further purpose of my invention is to t0 the general 11116 0 fl W taken by the so supply a highly eitective structure for keep-v Steam. Furthermore, the steam after 1mi ing the cooling pipes as dry as'possible forf pinging on therfirstbaflle or baflies interthe purpose of increasing their efiiciency. posed in its, p th 1S d flec ed and divided It further consists of other novel features and is compelled to take two or more sepa-- J of construction, all as will be hereinafter: rate and: distinct sinuous lines of flow to- Qt' fully set for-thy i wardfinal outlets at the bottom of the con- For thefp'ur'po'se of illustrating my invendenser. p 't'ion I have shown in the accompanying In surface condensers of the ordinary drawin s one-form thereof which is at pres I types, the steam is usually compelled to take ant pre erred by me, since the same has'been long lp'aths of flow, such as either the whole to found to give satisfactory and reliable relengt of the condenser between the tube 9 suits, although it is to beunderstood that the plates and parallel with the tubes or comvarious instrumentalities of which my inpletely across the condenser from wall to vention consists can be variously arranged wall and at right angles to the tubes, meet- .and organized and that my invention is not ing no bellies or obstructions whatever in is-limited to the precise arrangeme'ntand orsuch longitudinal or transverse movement ganization of these instrumentalities as hereother than cooling surfaces. -By' placing in shownand described. obstructions in the manner describedand Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectionofa conillustrated by me, the path taken by the I denser embodying my invention. Fig. 2 steam in any one direction is very consi'der-j 50 represents a transverse section of the strucably shortened and the definite impi'nging lOS .ture of Fig. 1 upon line :vw.thereof. Fig. action of the steam secured sets free themois- '3 represents a longitudinal stag ered section ture carried, forward by the steam, so that 3 at substantial right angles to t e sectionof the steam on leaving one compartment and F g. 1. andupon the line y-'y of .Fig. 2. entering another is ina lesssaturated state ssfhig. represents an end elevation of'a modiand therefore, in a condition to be acted on most advantageously by the cooling surfaces. This results in a more rapid transmission of heat from the steam through the metallic surfaces to the cooling water. The particles of condensed steam do not drop vertically downward as they are formed on or between the tubes, and 'as they would if they were influenced by gravity alone, but have a tendency to follow a line which is the resultant of two forces, viz., that of gravity'and that due to the momentum of the steam in motion. As the velocity of flow is many times greater than that of initial fall due to gravity (a condition particularly the case in upper compartments where velocity is greatest) the particles of condensed steam deviate but little from the lineof flow of the steam and are carried forward until the steam in which they are suspended is deflected by a ballle, a partition or the interior wall of the condenser at which time said particles are deposited upon the deflecting surface.

It will be seen from the drawings that I employ ducts, channels or holes for conveying condensed steam in the form of water tothe walls or partition of the condenser and this waterthen follows this surface to the condenser bottom or collecting surface without again coming in contact With the tubes. I illust ate two means for obtaining thisresult, such as shown in Figs. 2 and 5 where the baflles are inclined differently. In each, holes or ports are provided through which the water flows. I may use a combt nation of both methods.

Although I have illustrated a circular condenser only, this inventionv can be embodied in one of rectangular or other shape.

While I find it desirable to withdraw the Water of condensation or the greater part thereof from the condenser by a separate pump it may be withdrawn by the air pumps and where the static head necessary for the ellicient action of pump when discharging water from a vacuum is restricted bylocality, I may appreciably increase the available head by connecting a water receiving surface in the condenser with the pump by a pipe, connections for which appear in Figs. 5 and 6; and I may run banch pipes to the shell of the condenser for connection with said pump. Owing to the very ellicient separation obtained by the battles and the long aggregate length of the path of steam, the latter whenit enters the last compartment is in a less saturated condition than could otherwise be attained and the densifying effect of the cooling surfaces therein upon the other gases is correspondingly intensified. Both the steam and the other gases traverse the tortuous separate pathsv provided by my distinct. lines of [l w and are. alike ditfnsed'ovcr the cooling surfaces wilh rcat advanta e. The last comn 2:

reduced.

Since under some circumstances, unequal temperature might exist in compartments adjoining each other, I provide equalizing ports or passages in the vertical baflie partition or division wall which is common to both and all compartments. \Vhile said ports are of ample size to permit rapid temperature equalization, the baffling effect is not reduced to any great extent.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in the figures.

Referring to the drawings, 1 designates a condenser which I have illustrated as of cylindrical form but which may evidently be square or of other rectangular or preferred form having end walls 2, 3, water inlet passage 4 and water outlet passage 5 connecting with the heads 6 and 7 respectively and pipes arranged in sets the circulation within the pipes being that used in counter current condensers. I have shown the sets as seven in number but recognize that the arrangement, number, etc, may be greatly varied. I will designate the sets which I have illustrated as 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15. At the top of my condenser I admit steam through inlet 16 and at the bottom thereof I withdraw the wate' at 17 by hot well pump or any other suitable arrangement; I attach a vacuum pump at any desired point or points such as 18, 19 in the bottom of the condenser preferably forming ferrules or collars 20 to protect against the withdrawal of water from the condenser by vacuum pumps. It will be understood that I may use the same pump and passages for withdrawal of air and water under the wet system. if desired.

A prominent feature of my invention, both independently and in combination with other elements, lies in my provision of a. longitudinal wall or walls which I have shown as a single .wall 21. preferably extending from the approximate bottom and terminating some distance short of the top of the condenser, which wall or walls serve to divide the steam during its treatment in the condenser into two or more separate paths, each part having one wall in com- -mon with another with provision for equalization of temperature between but otherwise independent of every other part. As I have stated, a number of such divisions may be formed with advantage under certain conditions though I prefer and shall illustrate and describe in detail but a single division wall and two such paths of llow of the steam determined by it. The space above the division wall is preferably occupied by the set of cooling pipes 9 which I preferto arrangein horizont-alrows and so located asto permit a' free" space immediately beneath the steam inlet port 16.

Taking up now the particulardescription of the form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, with a single longitudinal division or partition wall, and remembering that the description would differ but slightly, and that in the number and intermediate arrangement of the pipes and bafiles .where more than one partition wall is used, differing in no particular in principle in such form, I provide for two complete tortuous or sinuous paths of flow for the steam from the upper compartment 22 within which it has come in contact initially with the cooling pipes 9. I divide the paths by means of the partitions and make these paths tortuous by a series of battle plates which, with the interior of the cvlinder and partition perform the triple function of guiding the steam removing water therefrom, and guiding the water clear of the cooling pipes. In the form illustrated I make use of three battle plates upon each side, namely 23, 24, 25 on the one sideand 2G. 27 and 28 upon the other side,"these baflles extending but part of the way be tween the side of the condenser and the central division wall, the remainder of the distance being open to provide'passage forv the steam excepting for channels acting as supports hereinafter described. These baffies and passages are so staggered as to form a sinuous path for the steam through the successive divisions and across the intermediate sets of coolin pipes. The direction of flow upon each side is as follows :The steam from theupper port 16 passes on one side through the passage 29 against the inner part 30 of the 'wall of the condenser by which and the baffle 24 it is reversely directed and the water from it collected so that relatively dry steam is forced across the intervening set 10 of pipes and almost directly toward the part 31 of the division wall. The. batile 23 and the portions 31 and 33 of the division wall '21 here reverse the direction of flow of the steam again removing water therefrom and the steam passes down through the passage 32. The steam is directed inpart also by batlle 25 and passes across set 11 o the pipes toward the portion 34 of the interior .wallof the condenser by which and by the battle 24 the steam is downwardly directed through the passage 35, thewater from the steam being deposited upon the portion 84 of the inner wall of the condenser. lhe steam thus dried and the uncondensable gases which have of course followed the path of the steam are directed across the set 12 of the pipes to the outlets 18, 19, while the water gravitating to the bottom of the condenser is withdrawn at 17.

,metal surfaces as is true of the other path.

I accomplish equalization of temperatures by means of a plurality of openings 39 of any suitable character in the division wall 21. For the purpose of support it is desirable to connect the batlies both to the division wall and to the inner surface of the wall of the condenser itself. and such connection conventionally I have. shown. In order to drain the several sections of the division -wall and supportthe baiiles additionally, I

provide a combined chamber and supports which consist of extensions 5 0 of the battle plates. the edge of the battle to retain water on the bafiie and prevent it being drawn through the passage by the flow of the steam.

Inthe device shown in Fig. 4, I slope the battles toward the longitudinal wall 21, the battles being otherwise of the same character, preferably, as those shown in the other figures, for which reason I have given them the same numerals of reference. The result of this is that I drain the batfies against the interior division Wall instead of against the interior of the outer wall.

In Fi s. 5 and 6 I show how with the general Iorin of Fig. 4, I collect the water from my condenser almost wholly' in the shed formed by batlies 25 and 28 withdrawing the water directly from this shed and I make use of a flange 41 adjacent adding the height of the shed from the bottom of the outer wall to the head of water available at'the hot-well. For this purpose since the small amount of moisture which passes through the passages 35 and 38 is in this form removed along with the air by the vacuum pump, I omit the collars 20 preferably used in the form shown in Fig. 1 so that no water is allowed to'collect in the bottom of the condenser. In the form of Figs. 5 and 6 I also prefer to form apertures to insure perfect equalization, the temperatures upon the two sides of the division wall or in adjoinin compartments at the same height from t e bottom of the condenser where more than two longitudinalpartitions or division walls are used.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a device of the character stated, an

disposed cooling pipes therein, chambers at the ends of the devieefor admission and re moval of cooling l'luf d, a substantially plane longitudinal division wall, and a plurality of bafile plates;on each side of the longitudinal divisio'nfwall and oppositely apertured to provide a tortuous steam passage therethrough.

2. In a device of the character stated, an outer condenser Wall, means for cooling the interior thereof, a substantially plane longitudinal partition therein, and bafiies upon each side of the partition between itand the outer wall, apertured in alternate position to provide duplicate tortuous steam passages on opposite sides of the partition.

3. In a device of the character stated, an outer wall, water inlet and outlet chambers at the ends thereof, longitudinally extending pipes between these chambers, a longitudinal partition wall extending part of the height of the condenser and permitting unbroken rows of pipes 'thereabove and battle plates on each side of the partition between it and the outer wall breaking up the pipes below the top of the partition into pairs of sets, side by side between the battles, said loafiles being alternately apertured to stagger with respect to each other.

4. In a device of the character stated, an outer Wall having a steam inlet aperture at the top and air outlet at the bot-tom thereof, reversely apertured baflies on each side thereof, and a-central longitudinal division wall, the compartments formed beneath the lowest of said apertured baflies and against said division Wall having duplicate transverse lines of vapor flow and common outlets therefor at the bottom of the condenser and free from water of condensation.

5. In a device of the character stated, an outer condenser easing, a substantially plane longitudinal division plate therein, apertured. baflies upon each side of the division plate, a Water collector Within the condenser,

.and a water drain pipe connecting the'botouter Wall on each side of the plate, and

means for collecting and draining the water of condensation from the lowest of said bafiies in proximity to the division plate, the tubes below said lowest baffles being thus freed from water of condensation.

7. In a device of the character stated, an

outer condenser casing, a substantially plane longitudinal central division plate therein, oppositely apertured ballles upon each side of the division plate, means to drain the water from the lowest of said bullies in proximity to the division wall and cooling tubes in said condenser both above and below said lowest battle.

8. In a device of the character stated, an outer condenser easing, a substantially plane longitudinal division wall. therein, and baflles upon each side of said division wall apertured to provide duplicate sinuous lines of steam flow upon opposite sides of the division wall.

9. In a device of the character stated, an

'outer condenser wall, baflles provided with means for forming duplicate. sinuous, transverse lincs of steam flow, and a longitudinal division wall between said baliles a ertured to equalize temperatures and pressures between the compartments formed by said baffies upon opposite sides of the wall.

CHARLES J. SNOW.

\Vitnesses:

\V. T. JACKSON, 0. D. MeVAY.

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