US9517515B2 - End mill convex radial relief surface and corner having circular arc profile - Google Patents

End mill convex radial relief surface and corner having circular arc profile Download PDF

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Publication number
US9517515B2
US9517515B2 US14/486,118 US201414486118A US9517515B2 US 9517515 B2 US9517515 B2 US 9517515B2 US 201414486118 A US201414486118 A US 201414486118A US 9517515 B2 US9517515 B2 US 9517515B2
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Prior art keywords
radial
end mill
relief surface
corner
convex
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US14/486,118
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US20160074947A1 (en
Inventor
Leonid Shpigelman
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Iscar Ltd
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Iscar Ltd
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Application filed by Iscar Ltd filed Critical Iscar Ltd
Assigned to ISCAR, LTD. reassignment ISCAR, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SHPIGELMAN, LEONID
Priority to US14/486,118 priority Critical patent/US9517515B2/en
Priority to JP2017534022A priority patent/JP6709788B2/ja
Priority to PT157943119T priority patent/PT3194101T/pt
Priority to CN201580049500.7A priority patent/CN106687240B/zh
Priority to ES15794311T priority patent/ES2951080T3/es
Priority to PL15794311.9T priority patent/PL3194101T3/pl
Priority to EP15794311.9A priority patent/EP3194101B1/en
Priority to PCT/IL2015/050810 priority patent/WO2016042542A1/en
Priority to RU2017112927A priority patent/RU2693971C2/ru
Priority to KR1020177006363A priority patent/KR102350910B1/ko
Priority to BR112017004439-0A priority patent/BR112017004439B1/pt
Priority to CA2959773A priority patent/CA2959773C/en
Publication of US20160074947A1 publication Critical patent/US20160074947A1/en
Publication of US9517515B2 publication Critical patent/US9517515B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to IL250252A priority patent/IL250252A0/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/08—Side or top views of the cutting edge
    • B23C2210/082—Details of the corner region between axial and radial cutting edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/08—Side or top views of the cutting edge
    • B23C2210/084—Curved cutting edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/44—Margins, i.e. the part of the peripheral suface immediately adacent the cutting edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B23C5/1009—Ball nose end mills

Definitions

  • the subject matter of the present application relates to end mills of the integral tooth (i.e. not insert) type, having convex radial relief surfaces and corners with circular arc profiles, and in particular to end mills for finishing operations.
  • an end mill can have, immediately adjacent to a cutting edge thereof, either a flat or concave radial relief surface or a convex radial relief surface.
  • a convex radial relief surface is defined as a radial relief surface having at least a portion thereof, immediately adjacent to a cutting edge, which is convexly-curved. It will be understood that a radial relief surface that comprises a convex portion immediately adjacent to a cutting edge and then a flat portion (i.e.
  • a portion which, in a plane perpendicular to a rotation axis, follows a straight line) separated from the cutting edge by the convex portion is also considered a convex radial relief surface.
  • Aligning a flat or concave radial relief surface with a corner radius surface (which is flat or concave) without a surface mismatch is considered less problematic than aligning a convex radial relief surface with such corner radius surface. Therefore the subject matter of the present application refers only to end mills of the type having convex radial relief surfaces.
  • the present application is also specifically directed to end mills with corners having circular arc profiles.
  • a corner's circular arc profile is presented during rotation of such end mills about a rotation axis and viewed in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis. For the purposes of the specification and claims, this will be called a “profile view”.
  • the circular arc profile defines a portion of an imaginary circle.
  • the circle has a circle center point, axial and radial tangent lines, axial and radial tangent points, and a radius magnitude measurable from the circle center point to the circular arc profile.
  • the axial tangent point is located at an intersection of the circle and the axial tangent line which extends forwardly from the circle center point and in a direction parallel with a rotation axis of the end mill.
  • the radial tangent point is located at an intersection of the circle and the radial tangent line which extends radially outward from the circle center point and in a direction perpendicular with the rotation axis.
  • planes may also be defined from the circle. Specifically, a radial tangent plane extends perpendicular to the rotation axis, and both the circle center point and radial tangent point both lie in the radial tangent plane. The radial tangent line also lies in the radial tangent plane. Similarly, other radial lines described hereinafter can be understood to lie in corresponding radial planes extending perpendicular to the rotation axis.
  • an end mill having a rotation axis defining forward and rearward directions, and comprising:
  • an end mill comprising rake and convex radial relief surfaces, and a corner relief surface connected to both the rake and convex radial relief surfaces.
  • an end mill comprising a cutting edge formed at an intersection of rake and convex radial relief surfaces, and a corner relief surface tangentially connected to the convex radial relief surface at the cutting edge.
  • an end mill comprising a corner with a circular arc profile defining a radial tangent point, rake and convex radial relief surfaces, and a corner relief surface, and wherein the radial tangent point and the end mill are aligned.
  • an end mill comprising: a cutting edge formed at an intersection of rake and convex radial relief surfaces, and a corner relief surface extending rearward of a radial tangent plane and also tangentially connected to the convex radial relief surface at the cutting edge.
  • an end mill comprising a convex radial relief surface and a corner relief surface which extends rearward of a radial tangent plane.
  • an end mill comprising front and rear ends, rake and convex radial relief surfaces, and a corner relief surface connected to both the rake and convex radial relief surfaces and extending rearward from the front end by an amount greater than the radius magnitude.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an end mill in accordance with the subject matter of the present application, including a profile view of the corner in the top right hand corner;
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic front end view of the end mill in FIG. 1A ;
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic side view of a part of a cutting portion of a prior art end mill (rotated slightly in a cutting direction relative to a profile view);
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic enlarged view of an encircled portion designated IIB in FIG. 2A ;
  • FIG. 3A is a similar view to FIG. 2A , particularly, a schematic side view of a part of a cutting portion of the end mill in FIGS. 1A and 1B (rotated slightly in a cutting direction relative to the profile view in FIG. 1A );
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic enlarged view of an encircled portion designated IIIB in FIG. 3A ;
  • FIG. 4A shows a side view of a part of a cutting portion of a prior art end mill (including a profile view of the corner in the top right hand corner);
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic enlarged view of an encircled portion designated IVB in FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic profile view of a corner of a cutting portion of a prior art end mill
  • FIG. 5B is a schematic enlarged view of an encircled portion designated VB in FIG. 5A ;
  • FIG. 6A is a schematic profile view of a corner of a cutting portion of the end mill in FIGS. 1A, 1B, 3A and 3B ;
  • FIG. 6B is a schematic enlarged view of an encircled portion designated VIB in FIG. 6A .
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate an end mill 10 , typically made of extremely hard and wear-resistant material such as cemented carbide, and particularly configured for finishing machining operations.
  • the end mill 10 is configured to rotate about a rotation axis 12 , which can extend longitudinally through the center thereof and coincide with an end mill center point C P1 .
  • an end mill rotation direction D A is counter-clockwise in the front end view shown in FIG. 1B .
  • the rotation axis 12 can define a forward direction D F and an opposite rearward direction D R (noting that while these directions are parallel with the rotation axis 12 they need not be coaxial therewith).
  • the end mill 10 can comprise a front end 14 , a rear end 16 distally located from the front end 14 , and a peripheral surface 18 extending between the front and rear ends 14 , 16 .
  • the end mill 10 can comprise a cutting portion 20 and a shank portion 22 located rearward of the cutting portion 20 .
  • the cutting portion 20 can comprise a cutting portion diameter D C and can extend rearwardly from the front end 14 .
  • the cutting portion 20 can comprise at least one tooth 24 (e.g., first, second and third teeth 24 A, 24 B, 24 C).
  • Each tooth 24 can be smooth (i.e. non-serrated) for improved workpiece finish.
  • the cutting portion 20 can comprise a flute 26 circumferentially located between adjacent teeth 24 (e.g. flute 26 A can be circumferentially located between the first and second teeth 24 A, 24 B).
  • the cutting portion 20 can comprise a plurality of flutes 26 (e.g., first, second and third flutes 26 A, 26 B, 26 C).
  • Each flute 26 can have a helix angle H (e.g. constant or variable) formed with the rotation axis 12 .
  • each tooth 24 can comprise a rake surface 28 , a convex radial relief surface 30 , a cutting edge 32 formed at an intersection of the rake surface 28 and the convex radial relief surface 30 , and a corner relief surface 34 connected to the rake surface 28 and the convex radial relief surface 30 .
  • the convex radial relief surface 30 can comprise a convex portion 30 a immediately adjacent to the cutting edge 32 and a flat portion 30 b separated from the cutting edge 32 by the convex portion 30 a . While not limited thereto, the subject matter of the present application is considered particularly beneficial for a convex radial relief surface having such convex and flat portion 30 a , 30 b construction.
  • Each tooth 24 can extend from the front end 14 to the peripheral surface 18 .
  • each tooth 24 can comprise a corner 36 .
  • the corner 36 presents a circular arc profile 38 defining a portion of an imaginary circle I C .
  • the circle I C can have a circle center point C P2 , axial and radial tangent lines L AT , L RT , axial and radial tangent points P AT , P RT and a radius magnitude M measureable from the circle center point C P2 to the circular arc profile 38 .
  • the axial tangent point P AT is located at an intersection of the circle I C and the axial tangent line L AT extending forwardly from the circle center point C P2 and in a direction parallel with the rotation axis 12 of the end mill 10 .
  • the radial tangent point P RT is located at an intersection of the circle I C and the radial tangent line L RT extending from the circle center point C P2 and in a radially outward direction perpendicular with the rotation axis 12 .
  • a radial tangent plane S RT is defined perpendicular to the rotation axis 12 and includes the radial tangent line L RT .
  • the radial tangent plane S RT can be defined as a plane extending perpendicular to the rotation axis 12 , and including both the circle center point C P2 and radial tangent point P RT .
  • the radial tangent plane S RT is spaced from the axial tangent point P AT by the radius magnitude M.
  • a location of a circle center point (or, more precisely, an axial distance between the circle center point and an axial tangent point, which will also be equal to a radius magnitude) has been determined (e.g. during rotation of an end mill and observation from a profile view such as that shown in FIG. 6A )
  • the position of a radial tangent plane which is a plane perpendicular to an end mill rotation axis, and on which the circle center point lies, can be established.
  • an end mill can be rotated about the rotation axis and other features such as the extent of the corner relief surface relative to the position of the radial tangent plane can be determined.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B a prior art end mill cutting portion 20 ′ is shown for comparative purposes, with corresponding features having the same reference characters also suffixed with an apostrophe (′).
  • a rearmost corner relief point 34 a ′ of the prior art corner relief surface 34 ′ is located forward of a radial tangent plane S RT ′.
  • the corner relief surface 34 in FIGS. 3A and 3B extends rearward of the radial tangent plane S RT .
  • the corner relief surface 34 Rearward of the radial tangent plane S RT , the corner relief surface 34 , proximate to a rearmost corner relief point 34 a of the corner relief surface 34 , can have a corner relief extremity shape 40 .
  • the extremity shape 40 can be tapered.
  • the corner relief extremity shape 40 can be considered triangular i.e., V-shaped, as illustrated in FIG. 3B .
  • the rearmost corner relief point 34 a is located forward of a rear extremity radial plane S RE .
  • a rear axial distance L RA defined between the radial tangent plane S RT and the rear extremity radial plane S RE can be equal to 5% or less of the radius magnitude M ( FIG. 6A ).
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B a prior art end mill cutting portion 20 ′′ is shown for comparative purposes, with corresponding features having the same reference characters also suffixed with two apostrophes (′′), and all other reference characters in these figures also being suffixed with two apostrophes (′′).
  • the circular arc profile 38 ′′ notably ceases to follow the circle I C ′′ at a discontinuity designated as 44 ′′. Consequently, there is a radial gap 46 ′′ between the radial tangent point P RT ′′ which is located on the circle I C ′′ and the end mill 10 ′′.
  • the radial gap 46 ′′ can have a radial length L R ′′ measurable from the radial tangent point P RT ′′ to the end mill 10 ′′ in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis 12 .
  • the circular arc profile 38 follows the circle I C , and a radial length L R (not shown) is no greater than of 0.04% of a cutting portion diameter D C ( FIG. 1A ).
  • a radial length L R is not indicated because it is so small that it is not visible.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B a prior art end mill cutting portion is shown for comparative purposes, with corresponding features having the same reference characters also suffixed with three apostrophes (′′′).
  • a connection point 33 ′′′ is shown where a corner relief surface 34 ′′′ is connected to a curved radial relief surface 30 ′′′ at the cutting edge 32 ′′′.
  • the corner relief surface 34 ′′′ is non-tangentially connected to the radial relief surface 30 ′′′ at the cutting edge 32 ′′′ significantly forward of the radial tangent point P RT ′′′. Consequently, the paths of the radial relief surface 30 ′′′ and the circle I C ′′′ diverge rearward of the connection point 33 ′′′.
  • FIG. 6B shows a connection point 33 where the corner relief surface 34 is connected to the radial relief surface 30 at the cutting edge 32 .
  • the connection point 33 can be forward of the radial tangent plane S RT , but should still be rearward of a front extremity radial plane S FE (which is a plane parallel with the radial tangent plane S RT ).
  • the front extremity radial plane S FE is no further forward of the radial tangent plane S RT than by a front axial distance L FA equal to 5% of the radius magnitude M ( FIG. 6A ).
  • the tangential connection is at the radial tangent point P RT .
  • the corner relief surface 34 is tangentially connected to the radial relief surface 30 at the cutting edge 32 .
  • the paths of the radial relief surface 30 and the circle I C are aligned rearward of the radial tangent plane S RT .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
US14/486,118 2014-09-15 2014-09-15 End mill convex radial relief surface and corner having circular arc profile Active 2035-03-02 US9517515B2 (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/486,118 US9517515B2 (en) 2014-09-15 2014-09-15 End mill convex radial relief surface and corner having circular arc profile
RU2017112927A RU2693971C2 (ru) 2014-09-15 2015-08-09 Концевая фреза с выпуклой радиальной задней поверхностью и вершиной, имеющей профиль с формой дуги окружности
BR112017004439-0A BR112017004439B1 (pt) 2014-09-15 2015-08-09 Fresa de topo
CN201580049500.7A CN106687240B (zh) 2014-09-15 2015-08-09 带有凸形径向后表面和具有圆弧轮廓的拐角的端铣刀
ES15794311T ES2951080T3 (es) 2014-09-15 2015-08-09 Fresa universal con superficie de relieve radial convexa y esquina que tiene perfil en arco circular
PL15794311.9T PL3194101T3 (pl) 2014-09-15 2015-08-09 Frez walcowo-czołowy z promieniową powierzchnią przyłożenia i wierzchołkiem mającym profil łuku kołowego
EP15794311.9A EP3194101B1 (en) 2014-09-15 2015-08-09 End mill with convex radial relief surface and corner having circular arc profile
PCT/IL2015/050810 WO2016042542A1 (en) 2014-09-15 2015-08-09 End mill with convex radial relief surface and corner having circular arc profile
JP2017534022A JP6709788B2 (ja) 2014-09-15 2015-08-09 凸状径方向逃げ面と円弧プロファイルを有するコーナとを備えるエンドミル
KR1020177006363A KR102350910B1 (ko) 2014-09-15 2015-08-09 볼록한 반경 방향 릴리프 표면과 원호형 프로파일을 갖는 코너를 갖는 엔드 밀
PT157943119T PT3194101T (pt) 2014-09-15 2015-08-09 Fresa de topo com superfície de relevo radial convexa e canto com perfil de arco circular
CA2959773A CA2959773C (en) 2014-09-15 2015-08-09 End mill with convex radial relief surface and corner having circular arc profile
IL250252A IL250252A0 (en) 2014-09-15 2017-01-24 Finger milling that includes a radial-rounded release surface and a corner with a rounded arcuate profile

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/486,118 US9517515B2 (en) 2014-09-15 2014-09-15 End mill convex radial relief surface and corner having circular arc profile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20160074947A1 US20160074947A1 (en) 2016-03-17
US9517515B2 true US9517515B2 (en) 2016-12-13

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US14/486,118 Active 2035-03-02 US9517515B2 (en) 2014-09-15 2014-09-15 End mill convex radial relief surface and corner having circular arc profile

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US9517515B2 (ru)
EP (1) EP3194101B1 (ru)
JP (1) JP6709788B2 (ru)
KR (1) KR102350910B1 (ru)
CN (1) CN106687240B (ru)
CA (1) CA2959773C (ru)
ES (1) ES2951080T3 (ru)
IL (1) IL250252A0 (ru)
PL (1) PL3194101T3 (ru)
PT (1) PT3194101T (ru)
RU (1) RU2693971C2 (ru)
WO (1) WO2016042542A1 (ru)

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US20170144234A1 (en) * 2015-11-23 2017-05-25 Iscar, Ltd. Cemented Carbide Corner Radius End Mill with Continuously Curved Rake Ridge and Helical Flute Design
US9884379B1 (en) 2017-03-07 2018-02-06 Iscar, Ltd. Ceramic face mill with circular arc profile for machining Inconel
US20200406378A1 (en) * 2018-04-16 2020-12-31 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Radius endmill and machine tool using the same, and designing method and machining method of radius endmill
US11014174B2 (en) 2018-02-01 2021-05-25 Hanita Metal Works Ltd Multi-flute end mill
US11253934B2 (en) 2019-02-10 2022-02-22 Kennametal Inc. End mill with independent rake surfaces

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EP2855060A2 (en) 2012-05-24 2015-04-08 Gershon System Ltd. Method for designing a cutting edge of a cutting tool, cutting tools comprising the same, and cutting elements with multiple such cutting portions
US9975183B2 (en) * 2013-09-17 2018-05-22 Gershon System Ltd. Cutting element and a method of cutting using the same
US10040136B2 (en) 2015-10-12 2018-08-07 Iscar, Ltd. End mill having teeth and associated flutes with correlated physical parameters
EP3479941A4 (en) * 2016-06-30 2020-04-01 NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. TWO-SIZE CYLINDRICAL STRAWBERRY BODY AND TWO-SIZE CYLINDRICAL STRAWBERRY
JP7024779B2 (ja) * 2017-03-13 2022-02-24 株式会社Moldino ボールエンドミル
US10486246B2 (en) 2018-02-26 2019-11-26 Iscar, Ltd. End mill having a peripheral cutting edge with a variable angle configuration
EP3833500A4 (en) * 2018-08-09 2022-08-31 Kyocera SGS Precision Tools, Inc. INCUT WITH VARIABLE RADIUS
WO2020075489A1 (ja) * 2018-10-11 2020-04-16 三菱日立ツール株式会社 エンドミル

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170144234A1 (en) * 2015-11-23 2017-05-25 Iscar, Ltd. Cemented Carbide Corner Radius End Mill with Continuously Curved Rake Ridge and Helical Flute Design
US10131003B2 (en) * 2015-11-23 2018-11-20 Iscar, Ltd. Cemented carbide corner radius end mill with continuously curved rake ridge and helical flute design
US9884379B1 (en) 2017-03-07 2018-02-06 Iscar, Ltd. Ceramic face mill with circular arc profile for machining Inconel
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TWI778013B (zh) * 2017-03-07 2022-09-21 以色列商艾斯卡公司 陶瓷面銑刀及加工一英高鎳合金工件之方法
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US11253934B2 (en) 2019-02-10 2022-02-22 Kennametal Inc. End mill with independent rake surfaces

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IL250252A0 (en) 2017-03-30
WO2016042542A1 (en) 2016-03-24
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KR20170054396A (ko) 2017-05-17
KR102350910B1 (ko) 2022-01-13
US20160074947A1 (en) 2016-03-17
ES2951080T3 (es) 2023-10-17
CA2959773C (en) 2022-08-30
PL3194101T3 (pl) 2023-08-28
EP3194101A1 (en) 2017-07-26
BR112017004439A2 (pt) 2017-12-05
RU2017112927A3 (ru) 2019-02-04
JP6709788B2 (ja) 2020-06-17
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PT3194101T (pt) 2023-08-01
RU2693971C2 (ru) 2019-07-08

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