US9494096B2 - Method and apparatus for determining the efficiency of an exhaust gas purification device - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for determining the efficiency of an exhaust gas purification device Download PDF

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US9494096B2
US9494096B2 US14/336,347 US201414336347A US9494096B2 US 9494096 B2 US9494096 B2 US 9494096B2 US 201414336347 A US201414336347 A US 201414336347A US 9494096 B2 US9494096 B2 US 9494096B2
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nox sensor
exhaust gas
nox
control unit
catalyst
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US20150033706A1 (en
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Andreas PFAFFINGER
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MAN Truck and Bus SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
    • F02D41/1463—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases downstream of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/007—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring oxygen or air concentration downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/02—Catalytic activity of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/18—Ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0402—Methods of control or diagnosing using adaptive learning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0408—Methods of control or diagnosing using a feed-back loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0412—Methods of control or diagnosing using pre-calibrated maps, tables or charts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1621—Catalyst conversion efficiency
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y02T10/24—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
    • Y02T10/47—

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for determining the efficiency of an exhaust gas purification device of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a diesel internal combustion engine for motor vehicles, and to an apparatus for determining the efficiency of an exhaust gas purification device of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine for motor vehicles.
  • Exhaust gas purification devices of the type in question for diesel internal combustion engines, in particular in motor vehicles use two NOx sensors for system control and monitoring, one of which is arranged upstream of an oxidation catalyst and the second is arranged downstream of a reduction catalyst and the signal values of which allow conclusions to be drawn on the NO, NO2 and NH3 concentrations in the exhaust gas.
  • DE 10 2011 101 174 A1 discloses arranging a first NOx sensor upstream of an oxidation catalyst, a second NOx sensor downstream of a particulate filter arranged after the oxidation catalyst, and a third NOx sensor downstream of an SCR catalyst arranged after the particulate filter.
  • the first and second NOx sensors which are each arranged upstream of the SCR catalyst, have an NO2 cross sensitivity in order to determine the NO/NO2 concentration in the exhaust gas without being impaired by the downstream supply of reducing agent.
  • the third NOx sensor which is arranged downstream of the SCR catalyst, should have only an NH3 cross sensitivity in order to be able to detect a reducing agent breakthrough.
  • the outlay on components is relatively high here, as is the outlay on evaluation.
  • WO 2010/097292 A1 describes another method for estimating the effectiveness of an oxidation catalyst, which manages without measuring probes or NOx sensors on the oxidation catalyst and, for this purpose, measures the effectiveness or temperature spectrum of the reduction catalyst by means of a temperature sensor and evaluates it in a characteristic-curve memory.
  • the temperature spectrum in the SCR catalyst may shift upwards as the conversion rate of the oxidation catalyst decreases, for example.
  • a method for determining the efficiency of an exhaust gas purification device of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a diesel internal combustion engine, in particular for motor vehicles uses a first NOx sensor arranged ahead of an oxidation catalyst and/or of a particulate filter, a second NOx sensor arranged downstream of a reduction catalyst, and a device for the metered supply of a reducing agent, in particular an aqueous urea solution, wherein the signals from the two NOx sensors are fed to an electronic control unit, by means of which at least one feed quantity of the reducing agent is specified.
  • an efficiency, in particular an NO2 formation efficiency, of at least the oxidation catalyst and/or of at least the particulate filter is determined by determining the NO and NO2 concentration or at least the NO2/NO ratio of the exhaust gas flow at the measurement position or in the region of the measurement position of the second NOx sensor and/or downstream of the reduction catalyst by the control unit solely by the signal values acquired by the two NOx sensors, which are, in particular, NOx signal values.
  • the NO and NO2 concentration or at least the NO2/NO ratio of the exhaust gas flow in the region of the measurement position of the second NOx sensor and/or downstream of the ammonia slip catalyst is determined by the control unit solely by the signal values acquired by the two NOx sensors, which are, in particular, NOx signal values.
  • the values determined in this way are in this case preferably compared with one another and/or with specified desired values to determine the efficiency, in particular the NO2 formation efficiency, of the oxidation catalyst and/or of the particulate filter and/or of the ammonia slip catalyst.
  • the second NOx sensor or the NO2 cross sensitivity thereof can be used in a dual function for efficiency determination, significantly reducing the outlay on construction.
  • this allows a simple and functionally reliable way, without additional outlay on construction, of acquiring the signal values of the two NOx sensors in the electronic control unit and of evaluating them for their NO and NO2 concentration or NO/NO2 ratio in order in this way to infer the efficiency of the oxidation catalyst and/or of the particulate filter and/or of the ammonia slip catalyst.
  • the signal value of the first NOx sensor than preferably delivers the “correct” NOx signal value or NOx signal value less affected by NO2 and/or NH3 as compared with the NOx signal value of the second NOx sensor.
  • This first NOx signal value acquired by the first NOx sensor is then used in the control unit, with reference also to the second NOx signal value acquired by the second NO sensor, as a basis for calculating the NO and NO2 concentration and/or the NO/NO2 ratio of the exhaust gas flow in the region of the second NOx sensor and/or downstream of the reduction catalyst or downstream of the ammonia storage catalyst. These values can then be compared with stored desired values, for example, as already described above.
  • the reducing agent supply i.e., the supply of a metered quantity of reducing agent required per se for the current operating state
  • a reducing agent store of the reduction catalyst in particular an ammonia store of an SCR catalyst as a reduction catalyst, is emptied. It is thereby advantageously possible to eliminate the influencing of efficiency determination for the oxidation catalyst and/or the particulate filter and/or an ammonia slip catalyst by the NOx conversion in the reduction catalyst.
  • the two NOx sensor signal values are used in the control unit to calculate the NO and NO2 concentration or at least the NO/NO2 ratio in the exhaust gas flow after the at least one reduction catalyst or after the at least one ammonia slip catalyst or in the region of the measurement position of the second NOx sensor.
  • the metering of reducing agent should be shut off temporarily and the reducing agent store of the reduction catalyst, in particular an ammonia store of an SCR catalyst, should be emptied for diagnosis.
  • the NO2/NO ratio can of course be determined instead of the NO/NO2 ratio.
  • evaluation of the signal values of the two NOx sensors can be carried out during steady-state operation of the internal combustion engine, in particular during stationary regeneration and/or during service intervals.
  • checking can be performed before and after stationary regeneration and/or after a sufficient time interval, for example; the latter being chosen to ensure that the reducing agent or NH3 store in the reduction catalyst or SCR catalyst has been emptied by operation and that distortion of the signal is excluded.
  • the actual signal values of the two NOx sensors and/or the NO and NO2 concentrations and/or NO/NO2 ratios determined on the basis of the actual signal values of the two NOx sensors can be stored as desired values in the electronic control unit in the new state of the exhaust gas purification device and can be compared with the respectively acquired and/or determined actual values during the operation of the internal combustion engine, wherein learning values are adapted and/or an indication or fault signal is generated in the case of defined deviations of the actual values from the stored desired values.
  • the desired signal values of the two NOx sensors can be stored as a characteristic map in the electronic control unit. This embodiment is suitable especially when checking of the exhaust gas purification device at intervals during non-steady or transient engine operation in the motor vehicle is to be allowed.
  • the desired values of the two NOx sensors can furthermore be determined by calculation, especially when the exact specifications of the NOx sensors are known and the cross sensitivity thereof to NO2 is appropriately delimited, if appropriate by measurements in defined operating states or exhaust gas concentrations.
  • the degree of deviation of the actual signal values from the desired values is measured and used to characterize the degree of ageing and/or the degree of sulphur contamination of the oxidation catalyst and/or of the particulate filter and/or of the ammonia slip catalyst.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that the control unit comprises an evaluation device, by means of which the NO and NO2 concentration and/or the NO/NO2 ratio of the exhaust gas flow in the region of the second NOx sensor and/or downstream of the reduction catalyst and/or downstream of an ammonia slip catalyst arranged after the reduction catalyst can be determined solely on the basis of the actual signal values of the two NOx sensors. Furthermore, the NO and NO2 concentrations determined in this way and/or the NO/NO2 ratio determined in this way can be compared with one another and/or with specified desired values in order to determine an efficiency of the oxidation catalyst and/or of the particulate filter and/or of an ammonia slip catalyst.
  • the control unit comprises an evaluation device, by means of which the NO and NO2 concentration and/or the NO/NO2 ratio of the exhaust gas flow in the region of the second NOx sensor and/or downstream of the reduction catalyst and/or downstream of an ammonia slip catalyst arranged after the reduction catalyst can be determined solely on the basis of the actual signal values of the two NO
  • NOx sensors which have an NO2 cross sensitivity that differs significantly from the NO cross sensitivity, in particular at least 90%, preferably about 75 to 90%, as first and second NOx sensors is particularly advantageous (also in conjunction with the methodology according to the invention).
  • FIG. 1 shows a diesel internal combustion engine 1 for a commercial vehicle, having an exhaust system 2 , in which an oxidation catalyst 3 (DOC), a diesel particulate filter 4 (cDPF) and a reduction catalyst 5 (SCR) and, if appropriate, an ammonia slip catalyst 11 arranged after the reduction catalyst 5 are provided in the direction of flow of the exhaust gas as an exhaust gas purification device.
  • DOC oxidation catalyst 3
  • cDPF diesel particulate filter 4
  • SCR reduction catalyst 5
  • an ammonia slip catalyst 11 arranged after the reduction catalyst 5
  • NO is oxidized to NO2 both in the oxidation catalyst 3 and in the diesel particulate filter 4 as well as in the reduction catalyst 5 .
  • the control unit 9 is furthermore used to control a metering device 10 , by means of which reducing agent, in the form of an aqueous urea solution for example, is metered into the exhaust gas upstream of the reduction catalyst 5 .
  • the NOx sensor 7 positioned upstream of the oxidation catalyst 3 detects the untreated emissions from the diesel internal combustion engine, which have a high NO concentration and low NO2 levels by the nature of the system (excess of air).
  • the NO concentration is subject to oxidation in the oxidation catalyst 3 and in the particulate filter 4 , as well as in the ammonia slip catalyst 11 where present, the following reaction taking place: 2NO+O2 ⁇ 2NO2
  • the second NOx sensor 8 detects the purified emissions after the addition of the reducing agent and the thermolysis or hydrolysis thereof in the hot exhaust gas to form NH3 with corresponding reduction of the NOx in the reduction catalyst 5 .
  • control unit 9 is parameterized in such a way that, to control the diagnosis of the oxidizing exhaust gas purification devices or the oxidation catalyst 3 and the particulate filter 4 , the quantity of reducing agent supplied by the metering device 10 is selectively reduced or preferably completely interrupted as a first step.
  • a defined, in particular short period of time, during which the NH3 store or reduction catalyst 5 is emptied or run down to empty, is allowed to elapse, after which the actual signal values of the two NOx sensors 7 , 8 are acquired and fed to an evaluation device of the control unit 9 , wherein the signal value of the first NOx sensor delivers the “correct” NOx value since it is least affected by NO2 and NH3.
  • This first NOx signal value acquired by the first NOx sensor 7 is then used in the control unit 9 , while also referring to the second NOx signal value acquired by the second NOx sensor 5 , as a basis for calculating the NO and NO2 concentrations or the NO/NO2 ratio of the exhaust gas flow in the region of the second NOx sensor 8 or downstream of the reduction catalyst 5 or downstream of the ammonia slip catalyst 11 .
  • These values can then be compared with stored desired values, for example. For example, it is possible for a difference to be formed between the values determined, and for the value of the difference to be compared with a specified desired value.
  • the respectively determined actual values can be compared with desired values and then for a relevant or irrelevant deviation from a (possibly additional) desired value to be inferred on the basis of the individual deviations or on the basis of the deviations which have been placed in relation to one another.
  • the possibilities for evaluation are numerous and are known per se to a person skilled in the art.
  • a readable fault memory can then be set and/or an indication or fault signal can be generated and/or learning values can be adapted.
  • Diagnosis can preferably be carried out under steady-state conditions during servicing work on the commercial vehicle and/or during or after stationary regeneration of the oxidation catalyst 3 and/or of the particulate filter 4 and/or of the ammonia slip catalyst 11 after specified time intervals or kilometers travelled.
  • the desired signal values of the NOx sensors 7 , 8 can be determined empirically by measurements in the new state and stored in the control unit 9 and then appropriately compared with the actual signal values.
  • a correction value for the NO2 component in the exhaust gas may be determined for the signal values of the NOx sensors 7 , 8 , this correction value then allowing calculation of the NO2 component and hence allowing conclusions to be drawn on the of of the oxidation catalyst 3 and/or of the particulate filter 4 and/or of the ammonia slip catalyst 11 .
  • desired signal values can be stored in a characteristic map memory of the control unit 9 as a function of the operating state of the internal combustion engine 1 and other parameters, said signal values being appropriately compared with the actual signal values of the NOx sensors 7 , 8 at defined intervals, especially during servicing work or, if appropriate, in non-steady or transient operation of the internal combustion engine 1 or of the motor vehicle.
  • control unit 9 By means of the described modification of the control unit 9 , it is possible to monitor the efficiency of the oxidation catalyst 3 and of the diesel particulate filter 4 and/or of any ammonia slip catalyst 11 that may be present in the exhaust gas purification device in a functionally reliable manner without additional outlay on construction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
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DE102013012575.8A DE102013012575A1 (de) 2013-07-30 2013-07-30 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung des Wirkungsgrades einer Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung
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US10961891B2 (en) 2016-07-14 2021-03-30 Scania CVAB Method and system for diagnosing an aftertreatment component subjected to an exhaust gas stream
US11174810B2 (en) 2016-07-14 2021-11-16 Scania Cv Ab System and a method for diagnosing the performance of two NOX sensors in an exhaust gas processing configuration comprising two SCR units
US11193406B2 (en) 2017-10-13 2021-12-07 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Diesel engine with a diesel particulate filter
US11319857B2 (en) 2016-07-14 2022-05-03 Scania Cv Ab Method and system for diagnosing an aftertreatment system

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RU2672546C2 (ru) 2018-11-15
CN104343512B (zh) 2019-04-02
BR102014014263A2 (pt) 2015-12-01
CN104343512A (zh) 2015-02-11
RU2014131251A (ru) 2016-02-20
US20150033706A1 (en) 2015-02-05
EP2832965B1 (de) 2018-02-21
DE102013012575A1 (de) 2015-02-05
BR102014014263B1 (pt) 2022-05-31
BR102014014263A8 (pt) 2021-04-20

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