US9445089B2 - Video encoding device, video encoding method and video encoding program - Google Patents

Video encoding device, video encoding method and video encoding program Download PDF

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US9445089B2
US9445089B2 US14/001,841 US201214001841A US9445089B2 US 9445089 B2 US9445089 B2 US 9445089B2 US 201214001841 A US201214001841 A US 201214001841A US 9445089 B2 US9445089 B2 US 9445089B2
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encoding
motion
determined
signal
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US20130336387A1 (en
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Naoki Ono
Atsushi Shimizu
Masaki Kitahara
Seisuke Kyochi
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Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
    • H04N19/0026—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
    • H04N19/137—Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
    • H04N19/137—Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
    • H04N19/139—Analysis of motion vectors, e.g. their magnitude, direction, variance or reliability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
    • H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H04N19/513—Processing of motion vectors
    • H04N19/517—Processing of motion vectors by encoding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H04N19/57—Motion estimation characterised by a search window with variable size or shape

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a video encoding technology for improving the image quality of an encoder, and more particularly, to a video encoding device, a video encoding method, and a video encoding program, which suppress a computation amount in motion search and encoding mode selection.
  • intra encoding in which encoding is performed on information in a frame using a correlation in a spatial direction
  • inter encoding in which encoding is performed on information between frames using a correlation in a temporal direction
  • intra encoding in which encoding is performed on information in a frame using a correlation in a spatial direction
  • inter encoding in which encoding is performed on information between frames using a correlation in a temporal direction
  • the inter encoding uses a motion-compensated technology, and searches for a motion vector indicating a position at which an encoding target region exists in a past or future frame called a reference frame, that is, the degree of movement of the encoding target region between the reference frame and an encoding target frame.
  • a reference frame that is, the degree of movement of the encoding target region between the reference frame and an encoding target frame.
  • a differential signal with the reference frame is encoded, instead of a signal of the encoding target region, so that it is possible to improve encoding efficiency.
  • a technique called block matching is extensively used.
  • H.264/AVC a rectangular block region obtained by dividing a screen is used as a unit of encoding.
  • an evaluation value such as a difference absolute value sum of pixels with the encoding target block is calculated, and a distance between a block pattern position having a minimum value and the position of the encoding target block is set as the motion vector.
  • a technique called full search is used to calculate an evaluation value while shifting all block patterns in the search range of the reference range by one pixel.
  • a computation amount required in the block matching is significantly large as compared with other encoding processes.
  • the computation amount of the motion search increases in proportion to the size of the search range.
  • the search range is simply uniformly narrowed in order to reduce the computation amount, when there is a region indicating a large motion, it is not possible to detect an appropriate motion vector, resulting in a problem that encoding efficiency is reduced.
  • a unit of an encoding target block is a rectangular block of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels called a macro block.
  • the macro block is permitted to be divided into the following blocks.
  • the H.264/AVC includes the intra encoding in addition to the inter encoding, it is necessary to perform the intra encoding to calculate a code amount and compare the code amount with a code amount by the inter encoding, in order to decide which of the inter encoding and the intra encoding is to be used.
  • a load required for this mode selection also causes an increase in a computation amount in video encoding.
  • Patent Document 1 A prior art of estimating a motion amount for each region and controlling a search range, for example, is disclosed in Patent Document 1.
  • Patent Document 1 based on a correlative evaluation result of an encoding target frame and a reference frame, a motion search range is reduced, so that a computation amount of motion search is suppressed.
  • Patent Document 1 since a motion search range is limited without considering an amount of information on a motion vector, image quality may deteriorate. Furthermore, since a selection method of an inter mode and determination of the intra/inter encoding have not been described, an operation load due to the execution of encoding mode determination is not reduced.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 8-32969
  • the motion search range is reduced for a region having a high correlation, so that a computation amount of the motion search is suppressed.
  • an amount of information of a motion vector in the decision of the search range is not considered.
  • An encoding target object is also included in a motion vector in addition to a pixel value of an encoding target region.
  • a predicted vector called PMV is calculated using a center value of a motion vector calculated in a peripheral block of an encoding target block, and a difference value between a motion vector detected in the encoding target block and the PMV is encoded.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a video encoding device, a video encoding method, and a video encoding program, by which it is possible to effectively suppress a computation amount in video encoding due to motion search and encoding mode determination, as compared with the prior art.
  • a video encoding device which uses intra encoding and inter encoding with motion compensation with respect to an input video signal, including: a determination unit which determines whether the encoding target input video signal corresponds to a stationary region, a region having minute motion, or a region having normal motion; a first encoding unit which performs inter encoding of a motion vector (0, 0) with respect to a region determined as a stationary region by the determination unit; a second encoding unit which performs motion search and inter encoding in a limited search range with respect to a region determined as a region having minute motion by the determination unit; and a third encoding unit which performs motion search and inter encoding in a normal search range with respect to a region determined as a region having normal motion by the determination unit.
  • the determination unit may determine the stationary region, the region having minute motion, or the region having normal motion using similarity between a reference frame and an encoding target frame and using a motion vector in a peripheral region.
  • the region determined as the stationary region may be encoded by limiting an inter encoding mode.
  • the region determined as the region having minute motion may be encoded by limiting the inter encoding mode.
  • the video encoding device further may include a decision unit which decides whether to perform intra encoding with respect to the region determined as the stationary region or the region having minute motion.
  • a video encoding method which uses intra encoding and inter encoding with motion compensation with respect to an input video signal, including: a determination step of determining whether the encoding target input video signal corresponds to a stationary region, a region having minute motion, or a region having normal motion; a first encoding step of performing inter encoding of a motion vector (0, 0) with respect to a region determined as a stationary region in the determination step; a second encoding step of performing motion search and inter encoding in a limited search range with respect to a region determined as a region having minute motion in the determination step; and a third encoding step of performing motion search and inter encoding in a normal search range with respect to a region determined as a region having normal motion in the determination step.
  • the determination step may determine the stationary region, the region having minute motion, or the region having normal motion using similarity with a reference frame and an encoding target frame and using a motion vector in a peripheral region.
  • the region determined as the stationary region may be encoded by limiting an inter encoding mode.
  • the region determined as the region having minute motion may be encoded by limiting the inter encoding mode.
  • the video encoding method may further include a decision step of deciding whether to perform intra encoding with respect to the region determined as the stationary region or the region having minute motion.
  • a video encoding program for causing a computer on a video encoding device using intra encoding and inter encoding with motion compensation with respect to an input video signal to perform a video encoding process including: a determination step of determining whether the encoding target input video signal is a stationary region, a region having minute motion, or a region having normal motion; a first encoding step of performing inter encoding of a motion vector (0, 0) with respect to a region determined as the stationary region in the determination step; a second encoding step of performing motion search and inter encoding in a limited narrow search range with respect to a region determined as a region having minute motion in the determination step; and a third encoding step of performing motion search and inter encoding in a normal search range with respect to a region determined as a region having normal motion in the determination step.
  • a value of a peripheral vector is used for the determination of a region, thereby obtaining an effect that it is possible to suppress a computation amount due to motion search while suppressing encoding efficiency reduction due to an increase in a motion vector code amount. Furthermore, an effect that it is also possible to suppress a computation amount due to encoding mode selection in the same manner is obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a constitution of a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a processing operation of a search range of motion search and encoding mode decision in a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a constitution of the first embodiment.
  • a reference number 100 indicates an encoding unit which performs encoding of a video
  • an encoding process in the encoding unit 100 is the same as that of a device which performs video encoding of the conventional MPEG-2 and H.264 and the like, except for information exchange among a region determination unit 102 , a motion vector memory 103 , and an encoding mode decision unit 114 .
  • the conventionally known function and constitution of the encoding unit 100 will be described simply if they have no direct relation to the description of the present invention.
  • An input video signal accumulated in a frame memory 101 is input to a predictive residual signal generation unit 120 , is changed to a predictive residual signal that is a residual with a predictive signal output from an intra/inter mode decision unit 119 , and then is input to an orthogonal transform unit 104 so that a transform coefficient based on orthogonal transform is output.
  • the transform coefficient is input to a quantization unit 105 , and the quantization unit 105 quantizes the transform coefficient according to a quantization step size that is set from an encoding control unit 109 .
  • the quantized transform coefficient is input to a variable length encoding unit 106 and is subject to variable length encoding in the variable length encoding unit 106 .
  • Encoded data output from the variable length encoding unit 106 is multiplexed in a multiplexing unit 107 and is stored in a buffer unit 108 .
  • the buffer unit 108 outputs an encoding stream.
  • the encoding control unit 109 controls a generation code amount in the quantization unit 105 from an encoded data amount stored in the buffer unit 108 .
  • the quantized transform coefficient is inversely quantized in an inverse quantization unit 110 and is subject to inverse orthogonal transform in an inverse orthogonal transform unit 111 , so that a decoded predictive residual signal is generated.
  • the decoded predictive residual signal is added to a predictive signal based on intra or inter encoding in an adder 121 and is generated as a decoded signal.
  • the decoded signal is stored in a local decoded image memory 112 in order to be continuously used as a reference image in predictive encoding of a frame.
  • the input video signal accumulated in the frame memory 101 is also input to the region determination unit 102 for another purpose other than the aforementioned encoding process, and the region determination unit 102 performs determination regarding whether a region is a stationary region, a region having minute motion, or a region having normal motion based on an input video and motion vector information on a peripheral region which is input from the motion vector memory 103 and inputs a motion search control signal for selecting a search range and an inter encoding mode based on a result of the determination to a motion search unit 113 based on a result of the determination.
  • the motion search unit 113 performs a motion search process according to the search range and the encoding mode, which have been decided based on the motion search control signal input from the region determination unit 102 , using the input video signal from the frame memory 101 and the local decoded image stored in the local decoded image memory 112 .
  • a motion compensation unit 115 generates a predictive signal based on inter encoding with reference to the local decoded image memory 112 according to a detected motion vector.
  • An inter mode decision unit 116 decides an inter encoding mode based on a processing result of the motion compensation unit 115 .
  • the intra encoding is performed. However, before that, the encoding mode decision unit 114 decides whether or not to perform the intra encoding using a region determination result from the region determination unit 102 and an evaluation value such as a difference absolute value sum obtained by the motion search.
  • An intra encoding unit 117 performs or does not perform the intra encoding in response to a mode control signal which is a processing result of the encoding mode decision unit 114 .
  • the intra encoding unit 117 performs the intra encoding using the input video signal input from the frame memory 101 , and an intra mode decision unit 118 decides an intra encoding mode based on a result of the intra encoding.
  • the intra/inter mode decision unit 119 decides a mode to be used based on a results of the intra mode and the inter mode, and outputs a predictive signal of the decided mode. Furthermore, when the encoding mode decision unit 114 has decided that the intra mode is not performed, the intra/inter mode decision unit 119 necessarily selects the inter mode according to the control signal from the encoding mode decision unit 114 .
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating the processing operation of the search range of the motion search and the encoding mode decision.
  • similarity ⁇ DC between corresponding positions of the reference frame and a frame to be encoded is calculated (step S 1 ).
  • a difference absolute value sum among pixels of the reference frame and the frame to be encoded is generally used.
  • ⁇ DC When ⁇ DC is 0, it is determined as a stationary region, a motion vector is decided as (0, 0) without performing motion search, and an inter encoding mode is fixed (step S 3 ).
  • the stationary region since motion vectors in all blocks are (0, 0) even when a block size is divided, there is no use in changing the encoding mode.
  • the H.264/AVC it is efficient to use a block size 16 ⁇ 16 in which the number of motion vectors is the smallest.
  • step S 8 when ⁇ DC is greater than 0, it is determined whether or not ⁇ DC is smaller than a threshold value Th_DC (step S 8 ).
  • is calculated from a center value of a peripheral vector (step S 9 ) and it is determined whether or not the value of
  • the determination when
  • the search range is set to be narrow, and the motion search is performed (step S 12 ).
  • the set search range for example, a minimum search range including a motion vector equal to the PMV is considered.
  • the inter encoding mode is not specifically limited.
  • the block size may be fixed to the block size 16 ⁇ 16 in which the number of motion vectors is the smallest, or motion search in other inter encoding modes may not be performed, in order to further suppress a computation amount.
  • step S 4 an evaluation value Cost obtained by the motion search is calculated (step S 4 ).
  • a difference absolute value sum is used as the evaluation value Cost.
  • the encoding mode is fixed to the inter mode and the intra encoding is not performed, so that a computation amount due to the mode selection is reduced (step S 6 ).
  • the intra encoding is performed, efficiency of the intra mode is compared with efficiency of the inter mode, and mode determination is performed (step S 7 ).
  • ⁇ DC is greater than the threshold value Th_DC or when the value of
  • a region to be encoded is a stationary region, a region having minute motion, or a region having normal motion using the similarity with the reference frame and the value of the peripheral block, and for a region determined as a stationary region, the inter encoding mode is limited, and the motion vector is decided as (0, 0) without performing the motion search. Furthermore, for a region determined as a region having minute motion, the search range is limited and the motion search is performed. Furthermore, for these regions, whether or not to perform the intra encoding is decided by comparing an evaluation value calculated in the motion search with a threshold value. For a region determined as a region having normal motion, the motion search is performed in a normal search range.
  • both the similarity with the reference frame and the value of the peripheral block are used in the determination of the stationary region, the region having minute motion, or the region having normal motion, so that an amount of information of a motion vector is prevented from being increased.
  • the stationary region and the region having minute motion only motion search in a narrow range is permitted, so that a computation amount of the motion search is suppressed.
  • the inter encoding mode is limited, so that a computation amount due to inter mode selection is suppressed.
  • whether to perform the intra encoding is decided through only comparison of the evaluation value calculated in the motion search and a threshold value without performing the intra encoding, resulting in the suppression of a computation amount due to the intra/inter mode selection.
  • a program for performing the functions of the processing units in FIG. 1 may be recorded on a computer readable recording medium, and may be loaded into a computer system for execution, so that the video encoding process may be performed.
  • the “computer system” described herein is assumed to include an OS and hardware such as peripheral devices and the like.
  • the “computer readable recording medium” indicates a portable medium such as a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disc, a ROM, or a CD-ROM, and a storage device such as a hard disk embedded in the computer system.
  • the “computer readable recording medium” is assumed to include a medium that holds the program for a constant time as with a server and a volatile memory (RAM) in the computer system (a client) when the program has been transmitted through a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line.
  • the program may be transmitted from a computer system, which stores the program in a storage device and the like, to another computer system through a transmission medium, or a transmission wave in the transmission medium.
  • the “transmission medium” for transmitting the program indicates a medium having an information transmission function as with a network (a communication network) such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line.
  • the program may also be used to perform a part of the aforementioned functions.
  • the program may be realized through a combination of a program that has already recorded the aforementioned functions in a computer system, known as a differential file (a differential program).
  • the present invention can be applied to an essential purpose of suppressing a computation amount due to motion search and encoding mode determination in the video encoding process.

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