US9197116B2 - Annular rotor for an electric machine - Google Patents

Annular rotor for an electric machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US9197116B2
US9197116B2 US13/383,748 US201013383748A US9197116B2 US 9197116 B2 US9197116 B2 US 9197116B2 US 201013383748 A US201013383748 A US 201013383748A US 9197116 B2 US9197116 B2 US 9197116B2
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
rotor
stator
segments
annular
wind
Prior art date
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Active, expires
Application number
US13/383,748
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English (en)
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US20120112466A1 (en
Inventor
Martin Junge
Andreas Jöckel
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Flender GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JUNGE, MARTIN, JOECKEL, ANDREAS, DR.
Publication of US20120112466A1 publication Critical patent/US20120112466A1/en
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Assigned to FLENDER GMBH reassignment FLENDER GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/16—Centering rotors within the stator; Balancing rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H02K1/2787—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/2789—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2791—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
    • H02K15/03—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/09—Machines characterised by the presence of elements which are subject to variation, e.g. adjustable bearings, reconfigurable windings, variable pitch ventilators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/12—Machines characterised by the modularity of some components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/18—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with ribs or fins for improving heat transfer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y02E10/721—
    • Y02E10/725—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49009—Dynamoelectric machine

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an annular rotor having a hollow shaft for an electric machine.
  • the invention will be used in particular for very large electric machines such as, for example, gearless generators for wind-power plants.
  • Generators for gearless wind-power plants frequently include an annular rotor having a hollow shaft.
  • Such an electric machine is known from, for instance, WO 2006/032969 A2. That publication discloses a rotor that is subdivided into a plurality of segments, with the segments having been pushed onto a rotor ring of the rotor.
  • Wind-power generators are becoming more and more difficult to install because of the increasing size perforce accompanying these plants higher output ratings.
  • gearless turbines of wind-power or tidal power stations also pose major challenges in transportation and logistics terms.
  • the object of the invention is hence to make large electric machines easier to transport.
  • an electric machine having an annular rotor, with the rotor being subdivided circumferentially into a plurality of partially annular rotor segments and having a hollow shaft, with the rotor's closed ring shape able to be dissolved by separating the rotor segments from each other, and a stator that is subdivided circumferentially into a plurality of partially annular stator segments ( 5 ), with the number of stator segments ( 5 ) being the same as the number of rotor segments.
  • the object is further achieved by means of a method for producing an electric machine having the following steps of the method:
  • the invention's central notion is to subdivide the rotor of the electric machine, which is in particular a permanently excited synchronous machine, circumferentially into a plurality of partially annular rotor segments. This subdividing is done preferably along radial parting lines similarly to how a flan is divided into individual slices.
  • the hollow-shaft rotor's closed ring shape will be dissolved when the inventive annular rotor is disassembled into its rotor segments.
  • the rotor will in its disassembled form occupy significantly less volume than a complete annular rotor. Even disassembling it into just two partially annular rotor segments each spanning a 180° arc will result in a significant volume reduction that can enable such a rotor to be transported by road.
  • Each rotor segment has in an advantageous embodiment of the invention at least one permanent magnet.
  • a permanently excited synchronous machine will be provided thereby.
  • the use of permanent magnets on the rotor for generating an exciting field has the advantage that no electric links will need to be provided between the individual rotor segments when they are being assembled into the annular rotor.
  • the permanent magnets can each be pasted onto the rotor segments or, in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, can be located in magnet pouches located on the rotor segments.
  • the rotor includes on each of its two front sides an annular flange to which the rotor segments are joined.
  • This flange can be, for example, a wind-power plant's turbine flange.
  • the partially annular rotor segments could therein be individually mounted onto the turbine's flange directly at the construction site.
  • the rotor segments include partially annular magnetic steel sheets stacked in the rotor's axial direction. Hysteresis and eddy-current losses in the rotor will be reduced through the rotor's being constructed from mutually insulated individual magnetic steel sheets.
  • the invention will enable the rotor to be embodied as both an internal and an external rotor.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is accordingly characterized by an electric machine having a rotor in keeping with one of the previously described embodiment variants and having a stator that is circumferentially subdivided into a plurality of partially annular stator segments, with the number of stator segments being the same as the number of rotor segments.
  • the individual stator segments are preferably spaced mutually apart via radially oriented parting lines.
  • stator and rotor segments will in the case particularly of permanently excited electric machines enable the very strong permanent magnets to be handled far more easily.
  • Very strict safety requirements must be adhered to when machine parts fitted with permanent magnets are being transported because of their enormous forces of attraction.
  • the permanent magnets will, though, already be magnetically shielded from their environment through the rotor segment's being coupled to the stator segment and so will no longer constitute such a major hazard.
  • the electric machine will also be far simpler to install if the rotor and stator segments are mounted together in pairs.
  • the electric machine includes for each rotor segment a stator segment whose arc-shaped circumference has a substantially identical central angle.
  • the machine elements thus resulting are likewise arc-shaped so that joining them will produce an electric machine having a hollow-shaft rotor.
  • the partially annular rotor segments are initially fitted with the permanent magnets when the electric machine is being inventively produced and the partially annular stator segments are then fitted with coils for generating the armature field.
  • the already mentioned likewise partially annular machine elements are then produced by in each case joining a rotor segment fitted with permanent magnets to a partially annular stator segment fitted with the coils.
  • the stator segment and rotor segment are therein joined together by means of, for example, suitable connecting elements in such a way as to be spaced apart via the air gap separating the stator and rotor from each other in the electric machine's assembled condition.
  • Such a machine element can then be transported to the site of its subsequent use far more easily than is possible, as is known from the prior art, with a complete rotor and stator.
  • the pre-assembled machine elements can in an advantageous embodiment of the invention be mounted directly onto a flange of the wind-power plant's turbine so that the rotor's closed ring shape will be produced directly during mounting onto said flange.
  • one rotor segment will be mounted on the flange simultaneously with one stator segment.
  • the rotor's permanent magnets will be shielded by the stator segment also during the mounting operation.
  • the stator segment and rotor segment will therein be spaced mutually apart in particular by the already mentioned connecting elements.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a machine element including a rotor segment and a stator segment
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a machine element including a rotor segment and a stator segment
  • FIG. 3 shows forms of magnetic steel sheets of the segments of an internal-rotor generator having surface cooling
  • FIG. 4 shows forms of magnetic steel sheets of the segments of an internal-rotor generator having internal cooling
  • FIG. 5 shows forms of magnetic steel sheets of the segments of an external-rotor generator having surface cooling
  • FIG. 6 shows forms of magnetic steel sheets of the segments of an external-rotor generator having internal cooling
  • FIG. 7 shows a wind-power plant having an electric machine and a rotor designed according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a machine element including a rotor segment and stator segment 1 , 5 .
  • Rotor segment 1 and stator segment 5 each span a 180° arc. When two rotor segments 1 having the structural shape shown are joined, the result will be a complete rotor of an electric machine having a hollow shaft.
  • Two stator segments 5 having the structural shape shown can likewise be augmented to form a closed ring so that the electric machine's complete stator will be produced.
  • Rotor segment 1 embodied here as an internal rotor, is correspondingly fitted with permanent magnets.
  • the permanent magnets are embodied as concealed magnets, meaning they have been inserted into pouches embodied as disposed around the circumference on rotor segment 1 . The permanent magnets can be pushed into these pouches in the axial direction.
  • Stator segment 5 is embodied having slots, not discernible here, into which coils for generating a rotating field are inserted.
  • Stator segment 5 fitted with the coils is initially rigidly joined via connecting elements 6 to rotor segment 1 fitted with permanent magnets, with an air gap via which the two segments are spaced mutually apart being ensured between rotor segment 1 and stator segment 5 .
  • These connecting elements 6 will not be released until the machine element shown that comprises rotor segment 1 and stator segment 5 has been assembled into a complete electric machine with another machine element of the same structural design. Not until stator segments 5 and rotor segments 1 have each been mounted on an annular flange will connecting elements 6 be released. With that type of assembly the permanent magnets of rotor segment 1 will be shielded by stator segments 5 during the entire assembly process.
  • Segmenting of the machine as presented into stator segments 5 and rotor segments 1 will for the first time enable electric machines to be scaled up to greater power outputs of 5 MW, 8 MW or, as the case may be, 10 MW at 10 to 15 rpm as is required of, for example, modern wind-power plants.
  • Such machines require a rotor diameter of 12 to 14 m, as a result of which it is rendered virtually impossible to transport a complete rotor or complete stator by road.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a machine element comprising a rotor and stator segment 1 , 5 .
  • Elements that operate functionally identically have here and throughout the application been assigned the same reference numerals.
  • the machine element shown here contains only a 120 arc around an axis A of the rotor and stator. It would accordingly be necessary to join in each case three rotor segments 1 into an operationally ready rotor.
  • the complete stator is analogously constructed from three of the stator segments 5 shown.
  • FIG. 2 To be seen in FIG. 2 is an annular flange 3 located on one axial side of the rotor, onto which the rotor segment 1 is mounted when the machine is being assembled.
  • a corresponding annular flange 3 a is provided also for the stator segment 5 on the same one axial side of the stator.
  • annular flange 3 for mounting the rotor segment 1 and another annular flange 3 a for mounting the stator segment 5 are provided on an opposite axial side of the rotor and the stator, which is axially spaced from the one axial side. Not until segments 1 have been fully mounted on the flanges together with the stator segments 5 in the form of arc-shaped machine elements will connecting elements 6 shown in FIG. 1 be released so that the machine will be capable of rotating.
  • FIG. 3 shows forms of magnetic steel sheets of the segments of an internal-rotor generator having surface cooling. What are shown are magnetic steel sheets 4 of the rotor which, stacked axially one upon the other, form the previously described rotor segments. Punched into these magnetic steel sheets 4 are holes by means of which the magnet pouches for accommodating permanent magnets 2 are formed. Permanent magnets 2 can be inserted into these magnet pouches in the axial direction.
  • the later slot shapes have been punched into them.
  • the other magnetic steel sheets 8 furthermore include cooling ribs 10 that enable surface cooling.
  • FIG. 4 shows other forms of magnetic steel sheets of the segments of an internal-rotor generator having internal cooling. They contain radially extending cooling slots 9 for enabling internal cooling.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show forms of magnetic steel sheets for embodiments of the generator as an external rotor.
  • the cooling concepts known already from FIGS. 3 and 4 can be realized also for an external rotor in conjunction with the inventive segmenting.
  • FIG. 7 shows a wind-power plant 7 having an electric machine 11 and a rotor designed according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the electric machine is embodied as a permanently excited synchronous machine having a hollow shaft.
  • the rotor and stator are constructed in a segmented manner. Because very large generators are used for the directly driven wind-power plant shown here, it is the stator's and rotor's segmented embodiment that for the first time will allow electric machine 11 to be transported by road to the wind-power plant's construction site.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Induction Machinery (AREA)
US13/383,748 2009-07-13 2010-07-07 Annular rotor for an electric machine Active 2032-08-18 US9197116B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009032885.8 2009-07-13
DE102009032885A DE102009032885A1 (de) 2009-07-13 2009-07-13 Ringförmiger Rotor für eine elektrische Maschine
DE102009032885 2009-07-13
PCT/EP2010/059705 WO2011006810A2 (de) 2009-07-13 2010-07-07 Ringförmiger rotor für eine elektrische maschine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20120112466A1 US20120112466A1 (en) 2012-05-10
US9197116B2 true US9197116B2 (en) 2015-11-24

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/383,748 Active 2032-08-18 US9197116B2 (en) 2009-07-13 2010-07-07 Annular rotor for an electric machine

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US9197116B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP2454803B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5591331B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN102474166B (ja)
CA (1) CA2767861C (ja)
DE (1) DE102009032885A1 (ja)
DK (1) DK2454803T3 (ja)
ES (1) ES2638507T3 (ja)
WO (1) WO2011006810A2 (ja)

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US20160251203A1 (en) * 2013-10-17 2016-09-01 Otis Elevator Company Cooling of machine for elevator system
US9923422B2 (en) 2012-01-27 2018-03-20 Ge Renewable Technologies Wind B.V. Rotor assembly
US10211693B2 (en) 2014-04-11 2019-02-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Mounting of permanent magnets on a rotor of an electric machine
US20190085825A1 (en) * 2016-03-04 2019-03-21 Bryan Prucher Biased segmented dual radial gap brushless pmdc motor/generator

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ITMI20120257A1 (it) 2012-02-21 2013-08-22 Wilic Sarl Macchina elettrica rotante per aerogeneratore
EP2654179A1 (en) * 2012-04-17 2013-10-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Segmented stator of an electrical machine
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DE102012208549A1 (de) * 2012-05-22 2013-11-28 Wobben Properties Gmbh Optimierter Synchrongenerator einer getriebelosen Windenergieanlage
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JP6091111B2 (ja) * 2012-08-27 2017-03-08 モディアクリエイト株式会社 風力発電用発電機
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US8766468B1 (en) * 2013-01-31 2014-07-01 Visedo Oy Rotor for a permanent magnet electrical machine of a mobile working machine
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EP4016804A1 (de) 2020-12-18 2022-06-22 Wobben Properties GmbH Segmentierter generator, rotorsegment, generatorsegment und windenergieanlage
DE102020134188A1 (de) * 2020-12-18 2022-06-23 Wobben Properties Gmbh Statorsegment, Rotorsegment und Generator sowie Verfahren
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CN113964986B (zh) * 2021-12-21 2022-03-15 常州神力电机股份有限公司 超大规格风电转子工件及其智能化装配系统和装配方法

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US20120112466A1 (en) 2012-05-10
CA2767861C (en) 2018-09-18
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JP2012533278A (ja) 2012-12-20
DK2454803T3 (en) 2017-08-28
EP2454803A2 (de) 2012-05-23
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CN102474166A (zh) 2012-05-23
CA2767861A1 (en) 2011-01-20

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