Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
  • C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
  • C09K3/1006—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers characterised by the chemical nature of one of its constituents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
  • C09K3/12—Materials for stopping leaks, e.g. in radiators, in tanks
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
  • H01M10/28—Construction or manufacture
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
  • H01M10/28—Construction or manufacture
  • H01M10/283—Cells or batteries with two cup-shaped or cylindrical collectors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
• • H01M2/08—
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/183—Sealing members
  • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/183—Sealing members
  • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
  • H01M50/191—Inorganic material
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/183—Sealing members
  • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
  • H01M50/193—Organic material
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/183—Sealing members
  • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
  • H01M50/195—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M6/02—Details
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M6/06—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid
  • H01M6/08—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid with cup-shaped electrodes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
  • C08K2201/002—Physical properties
  • C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
  • C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/183—Sealing members
  • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
  • H01M50/198—Sealing members characterised by the material characterised by physical properties, e.g. adhesiveness or hardness
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y02E60/12—

Definitions

• the present invention relates to packing seals for alkaline batteries, made from a polyamide composition comprising at least polyamide 66 and polyamide 610; and optionally fillers and/or additives.
• These packing seals are especially suitable for alkaline batteries such as standard “AAA” (LR03) and “AA” (LR6) stick batteries.
• An alkaline battery is a type of battery operating by redox between zinc (Zn) and manganese dioxide (M n O 2 ), which takes its name from the fact that its two electrodes, named the positive pole and the negative pole, are immersed in an alkaline electrolyte of potassium hydroxide (KOH).
• Zn zinc
• M n O 2 manganese dioxide
• Alkaline batteries may be manufactured in the form of cylinders and buttons.
• a cylindrical battery is contained in a steel tube, which serves as a collector for the cathode current.
• This battery consists of a mixture of a compressed manganese dioxide paste supplemented with carbon powder to improve the conductivity. This paste may be poured into the tube or inserted in the form of preformed rings.
• the central hole of the cathode is coated with a separator which prevents the mixing of the products of the anode and of the cathode and the short-circuiting of the battery element.
• the anode consists of a dispersion of zinc powder in a gel containing the electrolyte of potassium hydroxide. In the batteries of standard stick type, the anode corresponds to the flat end, while the cathode is the end with a protruding stud.
• a main subject of the present invention is thus a packing seal for alkaline batteries, made from a polyamide composition comprising at least polyamide 66 and polyamide 610; and optionally fillers and/or additives.
• the present invention also relates to the use of such a composition for reducing or preventing the leakage of potassium hydroxide from an alkaline battery.
• the composition preferentially comprises from 30% to 70% by weight of polyamide 66 and from 30% to 70% by weight of polyamide 610; relative to the total weight of the composition.
• Polyamides 66 and 610 are well described in the literature, especially in the Nylon Plastics Handbook by M. I. Kohan; Hanser, 1995.
• the term “polyamide 66” especially means a polyamide comprising at least 80% by mass of hexamethyleneadipamide units.
• the term “polyamide 610” especially means a polyamide comprising at least 80% by mass of hexamethylenesebacamide units. These polyamides may thus entirely be (co)polyamides.
• Polyamides 66 and 610 are generally hot-blended, especially by extrusion.
• composition according to the invention may also comprise additives conventionally used for the manufacture of polyamide compositions.
• additives conventionally used for the manufacture of polyamide compositions.
• the reinforcing or packing fillers according to the present invention may be, for example, fibrous fillers and/or non-fibrous fillers.
• Fibrous fillers that may be mentioned include glass fibers, carbon fibers, natural fibers, aramid fibers and nanotubes, especially carbon nanotubes. Hemp and flax may be mentioned as natural fibers.
• non-fibrous fillers mention may be made especially of any particulate or lamellar filler and/or exfoliable or non-exfoliable nanofiller, for instance alumina, carbon black, aluminosilicate clays, montmorillonites, zirconium phosphate, kaolin, calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earths, graphite, mica, silica, titanium dioxide, zeolites, talc, wollastonite, polymeric fillers, for instance dimethacrylate particles, glass beads or glass powder.
• the composition may comprise several types of reinforcing filler.
• the filler most commonly used may be glass fibers, of the chopped type, especially with a diameter of between 7 and 14 ⁇ m. These fillers may have a surface sizing that ensures mechanical adhesion between the fibers and the polyamide matrix.
• the weight concentration of the reinforcing or packing fillers is advantageously between 1% and 60% and preferably between 15% and 50% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
• Elastomeric polymers may generally be used for this purpose.
• Resilience modifiers are generally defined as having a tensile modulus ASTM D-638 of less than about 500 MPa.
• Examples of elastomers that are suitable for use are ethylene-acrylic ester-maleic anhydride, ethylene-propylene-maleic anhydride, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) optionally with a grafted maleic anhydride.
• Impact modifiers comprising polyamide-reactive functional groups are especially preferred.
• Examples that may be mentioned include terpolymers of ethylene, acrylic ester and glycidyl methacrylate, copolymers of ethylene and butyl ester acrylate, copolymers of ethylene, n-butyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate, copolymers of ethylene and maleic anhydride, styrene/maleimide copolymers grafted with maleic anhydride, styrene/ethylene/butylene/styrene copolymers modified with maleic anhydride, styrene/acrylonitrile copolymers grafted with maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene copolymers grafted with maleic anhydride, and hydrogenated versions thereof.
• the weight proportion of these agents in the total composition is especially between 0.1% and 40% and preferentially between 5% and 20%.
• composition that is especially preferred is one comprising:
• fillers and additives may be added to the polyamide composition via usual means suited to each filler or additive, for instance during the polymerization or mixed in the melt.
• compositions of the invention are generally obtained by hot-blending of the various constituents, for example in a single-screw or twin-screw extruder, at a temperature sufficient to keep the polyamide resin in molten medium; or by cold-blending especially in a mechanical mixer.
• the mixture obtained is extruded in the form of rods that are chopped into pieces to form granules.
• the compounds may be added at any moment in the process of manufacturing the plastic material, especially by hot- or cold-blending with the plastic matrix.
• the addition of the compounds and additives may be performed by adding these compounds to the molten plastic matrix in pure form or in the form of a concentrated mixture in a matrix, for instance a plastic matrix.
• the composition is preferentially a molding composition, for example in the form of granules or powder, serving especially for the manufacture of articles, especially via a molding or injection-molding process.
• the composition according to the invention may be used for any process for forming plastic materials, for instance molding processes, especially injection-molding, rotomolding, sintering or casting, or extrusion processes such as blow extrusion and film extrusion, or alternatively spinning processes.
• the invention thus also relates to processes for manufacturing molded or extruded articles by the forming of a composition of the invention.
• the packing seals of the invention may be used for various types of alkaline battery, especially button or cylindrical batteries.
• the stick-type standard batteries “AAA” (LR03), “AA” (LR6), “C” (LR14), “sub-C” and “D” are especially preferred.
• the format of electrical batteries is standardized by the Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (CEI) and by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These batteries may be rechargeable or non-rechargeable.
• the present invention also relates to an alkaline battery comprising electricity-generating elements and a packing seal according to the present invention.
• the present invention also relates to a process for manufacturing packing seals by molding a composition according to the invention.
• compositions of Examples 1 and 2 and of Comparative Examples C1 and C2 are prepared and tested as mentioned below:
• the temperature profile of the extruder is between 260 and 280° C.
• the extrusion rate is between 250 and 300 rpm under a vacuum of 50-70 cmHg.
• the granules obtained, after drying, are formed in an Engel injection press with a compression force of 80 tonnes and an injection volume of 189.44 cc.
• the cylinder temperature is 280° C. and the mold temperature is 80° C.
• the injection and cooling cycle is about 15 seconds.
• Various specimens were made, according to the tests to be performed. Packing seals were also made and assembled with LR6 alkaline batteries for KOH leakage tests.
• the HDT is measured according to standard ASTM D-648 (18.5 kgf/cm 2 ).
• the bleaching is observed visually relative to 32 packing seals.
• the KOH leakage is observed on 50 LR6 alkaline batteries containing 40% of KOH electrolytes placed for 10 weeks at 71° C. At the end of each week, the number of batteries on which leakage is noted is observed visually.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Primary Cells (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-04-13 FR FR1001542A patent/FR2958796B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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  • 2011-04-12 CN CN2011800190299A patent/CN102859748A/zh active Pending
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