US871526A - Reversible turbine. - Google Patents

Description

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PATENTED NOV. 19, 1907.

M. H. P. R. sANKEY; REVERSIBLE TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 4. 1906.

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M. H. P. R. SANKEY. REVERSIBLE TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 4. 1900.

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MATTHEW HENRY PHINEAS RIALL SANKEY,

OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO MELMS,

PFENNINGER AND SANKEY LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, A CORPORATION.

REVERSIBLE TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 19, 1907.

Application filed September 4:, 1906- Serial No. 333.143.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MATTHEW HENRY PHINEAS RIALL SANKEY, a subject of His Majesty the King of Great Britain, and a resident of London, England, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Reversible Elastic-Fluid Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to reversible elastic fluid turbines in which the main turbine and the reversing turbine are arranged within the same casing.

. The invention is applicable to turbines having their blades of any type or combination of types and arranged in any way within the said casing. Preference however is given to turbines of the kind in which the main turbine, and in some cases also the reversing turbine, is-composed of vanes of the impulse type in conjunction with vanes of the reaction type, as it has been found that by combming these types in one turbine an exceedingly compact'and solid construction is provl ed WhlOh is We materially reduced in length as compare with existing types of axial flow turbines and is also in other ways particularly advantageous in marine propulsion.

Turbines are sometimes-provided with one or more series of impulse blades and, successively, -with one or more series of reaction blades, and it has further been proposed to provide within the casing an annular surface or abutment for the steam pressure, the intention of such an arrangement being to enable the steam to counterbalance or equilibrate any axial thrust it may exert upon the shaft.

One object of the present invention is to supplement the said counterbalancin effect by including in it the axial thrust of t e propeller, and causing all the axial forces acting on the shaft to be in equilibrium.

Another object of the invention is to make similar provision for taking the axial thrust in the reversing part of the turbine in a combined ahead and reversing turbine of this character which has not to my knowledge hitherto been done. The aforesaid annulus or abutment would of course be designed with due regard to the particular requirements or conditions of the various series of blades employed, the area and radial direction of its face being in each individual in- 1 stance determined by a calculation of the combined effect of the several series of blades.

The invention will now be described with reference to certain examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which versible turbine in which the inlet for the elastic fluid is arranged between the main and the reversing blades, and Fig. 2 is a similar view of a modified form of turbine in which the steam is admitted to the main and reversing blades from opposite ends.

Like letters of reference indicate similar parts throughout the views.

A is the main or forward drivin turbine, of which A indicates the impulse b ades and A the reaction blades; and B is the reversing turbine, the blades of which are of the impulse type. The series A and A of the main turbine are arranged upon a straight or cylindrical drum in such order that the steam passes first through the im ulse blades and then through the reaction b lades, the casing around said drum being constructed with steps or stages, in the well known way.

Referring to the example shown in Fi 1, the elastic fluid is admitted through a s ide valve 6 either to a steam chest 0 from which it is directed to the main turbine A, or to a steam chest 9 from which it is directed to the reversin turbine B. As above stated, the blades 0 the turbine A are partly of the impulse type and partly of the reaction type, but, where the diameter of the rotor is comparatively small, the blades may if desired be all of the reaction type.

m is the annulus or shoulder for the main turbine, said shoulder being in this instance positive in character, that is to say it projects outwardly from the drum, and thus receives the rearward pressure of the fluid entering the vanes A.

'n, is the annulus or shoulder for the reversing turbine, and it will be noticed that it is negative in character, or in other words sunken or-depressed as compared with the drum carryin the reversing blades. In this case the axiail pressure isbalanced by the forward pressure of the fluid passing into the vanes B acting against the annulus n the rearward pressure acting against the division wall between the steam chests g and c.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a re- The drum carrying the blades B togetherture of the chest 9 whereby the motive uid With both the shoulders m and n is carried by I.

and integral with a spider e keyed upon the shaft. A prolongation or longitudinal ex- 17611810110 upon said spider serves-to carry one end'of the drum upon which the blades of the main turbine are secured, the other end of said drum bein carried by a spider of any suitable kind. t will be noticed that both the aforwaid drums are cylindrical and of uniform diameter throu bout, a considerable economy in the cost 0% construction being thereby attained. After'imparting its.

ener to the vanes, themotive fluid escapes through the exhaust chamber from which it may b.econducted-'in the case of 'steam to a condenser, 5 v

In order to reverse the above described turbine, thevalve b is moved towards the rlght of Fig. 1, so as to close the inlet aperture of the chest 0 and open the inlet a erw ill be directed against the blades of the turbme B. These'b ades, like those of the tur 'bine A, may either be all of the impact type (as shown) or of theim act and reaction types combined. The ex aust from the reversin turbine can be conducted throu h the ho low shaft to the exhaust chamber 7c is the closing member of the stuffing box I of the well known kind.

' In the modified example illustrated in Fig. 2, the blades'of both the main and the reversmg turbine are arranged upon a common drum which extends from the steam chest 0 of the main turbine-at one end of the machine to the steam chest g of the reversing turbine at the other end thereof, the exhaust chamber f bein located between the two turbines. It will be observed that in this in- 1. In an elastic fluid turbine having a forp ward driving turbine and a reversingturbme mounted upon a common shaft within the same casing, the combination of an action and reactlon forward drivlng turbine wlth a combined action-reaction reversing turbine of the drum typehaving a diameter substantially equal to that of the said forward driving turbine.

2, In a turbine rotor the combination of a spider, a plurality of sets of blades supported thereby, and an annulus adjacent toeach set, and carried by said spider. i

3; In a turbine rotor the combination of a spider, a, drum supported at one of its ends by said spider, blades for forward driving carried by said drum, a reversing set of blades also supported by the spider and a plurality of 'annuli formed on the spider and adapted to counterbalance the axial thrusts for both directions running.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

MATTHEW HENRY PIUNEAS inAtt SANKEYQ Witnesses:

FREDK. L. RAND, HENRY COKE PowEL.

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