US859553A - Elastic-fluid turbine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 859,553 PATENTED JULY 9, 1907.

s. 2. DE FBRRANTI. ELASTIC PLUIDWURBI'NE. APPLICATION FILED 05-110, 1906.

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S. Z. DE FERRANTL ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.10, 1905.

7 SHEETS- 8131331 2.

No. 859,553. PATENTED JULY 9, 1907.

s. Z. DE FERRANTI.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 00110, 1905.

7 SHEETS-SHEET -s.

PATENTED JULY 9, 1907.

s. 2. DE FEBRANTI.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBI NE.

APPLICATION FILED 001.10, 1906.

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i r z No. 859,553. "PATENTED JULY 9, 1907. s. 2. DE PERRANTI. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.10, 1905.

7 SBEETS-SHEET 5.

PA'YIIENTED JULY 9, 1907.

s. 2. DE FERRANTI.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 0OT.10, 1905.

7 SHEETS-SHEET e.

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No. 859,553. PATENTED JULY 9, 1907. s. 2. DE PERRANTI. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLIGATION FILED 00110, 1905.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 7' Ig y ' 1 UNITED: STATES; PATENT OFFICE.

sEBAsTI'AN ZIA'NI DE FERRANTI, OF LO DON, ENGLAND.

I ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Ju1y.9, 1907.

I dflginal pplication filed October 31, 1903, Serial No. 179,407. Divided and this application filed'October 10, 1905 I Serial No. 282,187.

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, Snims'rmN ZIANI DE FERRANTI, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and a resident of 31 Lyndhurst road, Hampstead, London, N. W., England, have invented certain new and usefullmprovements in and Relating to the Governing oi Elastic-Fluid Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

Such a turbine is described in my patent application, No. 179407, horn which the present application is divided.

/ My invention relates to the governing of multiple stage elastic fluid turbines, and more particularly to the kind known as isothermal wherein the temperature of the turbine is maintained practically uniform from end to end bymeans of reheaters disposed between the turbine stages.

Difficulties arise in the governing of turbines of the hereinbefore described types, and to overcome these difiiculties I apply the principle of puff governing or governing by blasts, that is to say I arrange quick opening valves to'deliver steam to each section of the.

turbine in periodical blasts, similar valves of suitable area being provided for each stage of the expansion,' and I further couple the mechanism operating all these valves so that they act preferably simultaneously under the control of a mechanical or electrical governor of any well known type. My invention differs from thevpufi governing or governing by blasts as used-heretofore in providing puff governing at several stages or sections, at which stages or sections the steam pressure is kept practically constant irrespective of load.

Bel'erring now to the accompanying drawings:- Figure 1 shows a longitudinal vertical section through a turbine oi the multistage type. Fig. 1 is, as to its left hand half, a section on the linV V of .Fig. 1, and, as to its right hand half, a section on the line W W of the same figure. Fig. 2 is a section through the valve chests taken on the line A A of Fig. l".

,. Fig. 3 is an end view of the high pressure end of the oi the multistage type.

turbine showing part of the governing gear. Figs. 4 and 5 are elevation and plan respectively of a general arrangement of puff-governing gear. Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are views showing the action oithe gear, and Figs. 9 and 10 detail views of the lovers on which the eccentric spindle is journaled.

In carrying the invention into' effect according to one form, I have shown in Figs. 1, 1, and 2, a turbine It will be seen (see Fig. 1) that six wheel chambers A, B, C, D, E, and F, are provided, V the exhaust outlets,i-61, 61 etc, from which are arranged at the top of the turbine, ,the steam entering by way of the valve chambers 56f, 56, etc., disposed on opposite sides of the center line. These valve chambers increase in size from the high pressure to the low pressure end of the turbine as shown by the typical I sections of Figs. 1, and 2, this latter figure also show ing by the omission of the valve 57 of wheel chamber C that at .the high pressure end of the turbine sufficient areas can sometimes be given to the steam passages by arranging a valve on one side of the center line only; thus the valves 57 and 57 to chambers B and C are arranged respectively on opposite sides of the center line and consequently only the valve 57 shows in the particular section shown. At the low pressure end of the turbine, valves on both sides are generally necesrary; but I may adopt any suitable arrangement throughout in order to insure suflicient areas for the steam passages. Two sets of valves, as shown in Fig. 3, are arranged to run the whole length of the turbine, their action being under the control of the governor gear to be described hereinafter. It willbe understood that reheatcrs are preferably arranged between adjacent stages; so that the steam from the stage or chamber A, for example, passes out by the exhaust outlet 61, through the reheater, and enters the valve chamber 56" of stage B as indicated by an'arrow in Fig. 2. To meet the exigencies of design no provision is made for reheaters between chambers E and F: These reheaters, however, iorm no part of the present irivention and are not shown in the accompanying "drawings since no claiinsare directed to them. From the valve chests, passages 58, etc., lead to the nozzles'59, etc., which are preferably formed in separate castings, such as 60 Fig. 1, bolted on to their appropriate partitions; these nozzle castings, as will be evident, are constructed of different lengths, areas and so iorth,'so as to correspond with thcir'respcctive valve chests. The true position of the nozzles is shown in Fig. 1 ,,the nozzles in Fig. 1 being shown out of the true position for convenience of drawing in a manncr'well understood.

The valve 57*", for distributing steam to the first stage is, for convenience, placed at right anglcsftsee Fig. 3) .to the two main lines of valves, its action, however, being in all respects essentially similar. i The course of the steam through the turbine will, in view of the above remarks and the arrows on the drawings, be readily followed without iurther de scription.. v v

According to one form of governing gear in which the principle of puff governing or governing by blasts, is embodied, as applied'to the turbine desEf ribed I the steam enters the. valve chest through the opening 1 76, andexhausts by-.the passage 77 g a cylinder 62, (see Figs. 4 to 8) supported on'any conv'enient'bed-plate 63, is arranged to operate a set of valves admitting steam to thedifierent sections of the v turbine. A piston 64 working in this cylinder, and piston-rod 65, are connected, in the arrangement shown, to the lever 66 keyed to the shaft 67. This shaft (soeFig. 3) passes across the end of the turbine,

supported by suitable brackets 68, and gorrics o her levers 69, each adapted to operate its respective line of valves. 7 1

The valve 57, which is placed for convenience at right angles to themain lines of valves, is operated by'ineans oi the lever 70 keyed to a vertical shaft journaled in the bracket 7i, a seond lever-'72 also keyed to this shaft, being suitably connected to a point of one of themain valve spindles. I

An air bufier 73 is preferably arranged on some suitable portion of the mechanism to avoid shock.

Admission oi steam to the cylinder 'fifl is controlled by the piston-valve 74 having throughpaasa'ges 75;

It will be obvious that other types of slide valve may be adopted. i The valve 74 is operated by an eccentric 78 keyed to the shaft 79, (see Figs. 9 and 10) a spur-wheel. 80 being also mounted on the shaft. The wheel 80 gears with anotherspur-wheel 81 mounted on the shaft 82 carried in bearings'83. This shaft 82 is driven from the main turbine shaft by means of gearing such as the worms 84, 85 and the worm wheels 86 and- 87.

The spur-wheel and eccentric shaft 79 is journaled on the levers 88, 89 secured together by the bolts 90 and turning loosely on the shaft 82. The position of these levers is controlled by a governor 9i, acting through the lever 92 (fulcrumed-on any convenient bracket 93) and link 94. The operation of the mechanism is as follows:'- Supposing, while running normally, that the load is removed. The speed of the turbine will increase and the outward movement of the governor balls will cause the gear to assume the position shown in Fig. 6, The valve 74 can then admit steam to the right-hand side of the piston only, the piston consequently being held in the extreme position shown at the le itohand end of the cylinder and the line of valves closed. The oppo-. site case to this is shown in Fig. 7; with full load the governor balls will approach each other as nearly as possible, throwing the gear into the positionshown. The action of the valve 76 is then such as to admit steam to the left h andoi the piston only, the piston being held at the extremcright hand endpi the cylinder an the line of valves being fully open.

in some intermediate state of working the eccentric shaft will assume its mid-position as shown in Fig. .8; the valve 76 will then operate as in an ordinary engine, 4 the piston and consequently the line of valves reciproeating bodily and causing the steam to be admitted the turbinein puffs or blasts. Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

I. in combination a plui' hlity or turbine chambers: to-

gi-iin-r with means for keepingthe pressure in saidchumbcrs sulminiit'luliy constant, said means including vuivi-s use controlling the passage or working fluid from chamber to .chumber togetherv with menus for causing certain of sold valves standing in the same operative relation to difierent chambers to pull? simultaneously.

2. In combination, a plurality of turbine chambers; to-' gcther with means for keeping the pressure in said chumhers substantially constant, said means including valves controlling the passage of the whole oi the working iiuid from chamber to chamber in a series of pulls. v

3. In combination, a plurality of turbine chambers; to gcthcr with means for keeping the pressure in said chambers substantially constant, said means including pulling vnlvcscontrolling the passage of the whole of the working fluid from chamber to chamber, said valves acting simultancously to admit toaud exhnust'from'said chambers equal quantities of working fluid. 4. In combination a plurality of turbine chambers; a rotatable turbine clement together with means for keeping the pressure in said chambers substantially constant, said means including valves controlling the passage or the whole oi the working fluid from chamber to chamber and means operated from said turbine element for causing said valves to pufl. I i, i

5. In combination a plurality of turbine chulnhcrs, together with means for keepini the pressure in said chambers substantially constant, said means including' valves controlling the passage of working fluid from chamber to chamber in a series of [mils and including also a speed governor acting to proportion the duration of said pulls to the load.

6. In combination a plurality of turbine chambers; ducts between said chambers; means controlling the possage of the whole of the working fluid through said ducts from chamber to chamber in a series oi pulls and including also speed-responsive means for varying the duration of said puflfs.

7. In combination a plurality or turbine chambers: ducts between said chambers; means controlling the possage of working fluid through said ducts from chamber to chamber in a series of rhythmic pufling cycles, each cycle comprising is pulling period and an idle period and means for varying the ratio between the lengths of said pulling and idle periods.

8. In combination, a plurality of turbine chambers, duct j means between a certain pair of said chambers, and means controlling the passage of the whole of the working fluid through said duct means from one of said certain pair of chambers to the pthcr in a series of puifs at all working loads. 9. In combination,- a plurality of turbine chambers, ducts between said chambers, means for coutrollim; the passage of the whole of the working fluid through said ducts irom chamber to chamber in a series of pufls at all working loads below a certain load and moans forcoulcs- :cing said puffs into a continuous blast at said ccrtnln loud. I 10. In combination, a plurality oi turbine chambers, ducts between said chambers, means controlling the pussage f working fluid through said ducts in i1 series of pads together with means for varying the duration oi? said puflis, said last mentioned means including a member having a reclprocatory rhythmic movement and including also means for shifting the centcr of travel of said member.

11. In combination a plurality 0L turbine chambers; ducts between said chambers; moans controlling the possage of working fluid through said ducts from chamber to chamber in a gierlcs of pulls undor certain-working conditions and meahs folhconicsclng said puffs into a continuous blast under certain other working conditions.

12. in combination, a plurality of turbine chambers;

ducts iictwecn'suid chambers; moans controllin the pussage oi working fluid through siihl ducis from chamber to chumblir in a series of pulfs under certain working conditions and llll'llm-l ior rc lucing the length of said'pufl's to the vanishing point under certain changing conditions.

d3. ,In combination, a plurality of iurbinc chambers;

(lucis bciwccn said chambers; iniiuns ('Ullil'iiliiill.- ihc pus sage of Working iiuld ihrough Hillli (iucis from cimmbcr iu chnnlbi-r :uui means for opcruiing Sillil conll'oliing moans, Slilll opcruling moans :u-lim; in illliil suici mull-oiling nil-nus opened or closed under certain limiting working conditions and to cause said controlling means to pufi under certain intermediateconditions.

14. in combination, a plurality of turbine chambers; ducts between said chambers and means controlling the passage of working fluid through said ducts from chamber to chamber together with means for causing certain of said controlling,- means disposed in ducts between difiercnt chambers to pufl simultaneously. I

15. in combination a plurality oihturblne chambers ducts between said chambers and means controlling the passage of the whole oi the working fluid through said ducts from chamber to chamber in a series of puffs.

16. In combination, a plurality oft turbine chambers; ducts between said chambers; means controlling the passage of working fluid through said ducts from chamber to chamber in a series of puffs and a speed governor acting to proportion the duration 01' and puiTs to the load.

ii. in combination a plurality of turbine chambers;

between said chambers; means controlling the pasof working iluid through said ducts from chamber to iamber in eries of polls and means for mechanically connection an operative set oi said controlling means together. 7

18. in combination, a plurality oi turbine chambers iog-etlier with means for keeping the pressure in said chambers substantially constant said means including valves controllilap;thev passage of working fluid from chamber to chamber in a series oi puffs and means for mechanically connecting an ativc set. of said valves together.

1!). in co. location, a plurality of turbine chambers, valves controlling the passage of working fluid from chamber to'cbambcr. a spindle on which said valves are mount ed together. with automatic means for reciprocating said spindle.

20. in combination, a plurality of turbine chambers;

valves controlling the passage of working fluid from chamber to chamber; a spindle on which said valves are mounted together with means giving a reciprocatory movement tosaid spindle and means for causing a variable dwell at the ends of said movement.

21. In combination, a plurality of fluid chambers; valves controlling the passage of working fluid from chamher to chamber; a piston and cylinder for actuating cermm of said valves; a-valve controlling the movement of said piston together with means for automatically shiftducts between said chambers, means for controlling the passage of working iluid through said ducts from chamber to chamber in a series of pulls, together with a single governor to which certain of said controlling means standing in'thc same operative relation to diifierent chambers are subject.

24. In combination; a plurality of turbine chambers; ducts between said chambers; means controlling the passage of working fluid through said ducts from chamber to chamber in a series oi? puffs and a centrifugal governor regulating said puils.

in testimony whereof I have signed my name to, this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

SEBASTIAN ZlANI Dbl FERRAN'li.

,Witnesses I

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