US1294437A

US1294437A - Marine-turbine installation.

Info

Publication number: US1294437A
Application number: US10266816A
Authority: US
Inventors: Warren B Flanders
Original assignee: Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co
Current assignee: CBS Corp
Priority date: 1916-06-09
Filing date: 1916-06-09
Publication date: 1919-02-18
Anticipated expiration: 1936-02-18

Description

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WARREN Bl FLANDEPJS, OF WILKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WESTING- HOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYL- VANIA.

Application filed June 9, 1918.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WARREN B. FLANnERs, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of llilkinsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have made anew and useful Invention in Marine-Turbine Installations, of which the following is a speciiication.

This invention relates to turbines and par ticularly to marine turbine installations.

An object of the invention is to produce a turbine or an organized turbine apparatus in which means are employed for increasing the range of speeds through .which the turbine is capable of operating with high efficiency.

A further object is to produce a turbine or organized turbine apparatus in which all of the turbine elements are act1ve as power producing elements while the turbine is operating under full load and at full speed.

These and other objects, which will be made apparent throughout the further description of the invention, are attained by means of a paratus embodying the features herein desc ibed and illustrated.

In the single sheet drawing, accompanying and forming a part hereof, I have illus trated, diagrammatically and in sect on, an organized turbine apparatus embodying my invention.

In marine installations various means are employed for obtaining an efficient operation of the apparatus under varying speed conditions. It is common to employ a separate turbine element, .Which may be termed a cruising turbine, and is employed elther aloneor in conjunction with stages or working elements of the main turbine, while the installation is operating under reduced load and at low speed. It is also common to employ so called cruising elements, which are located within the casing of the main turbine, or are included within the casing of working elements forming a component part of the main element, and run idle While the installation is operating under full load. and at full speed. Either arrangement of apparatus is objectionable, since it adds weight to the installation and the cruising section or cruising elements run idle under the most unfavorable conditions. Where the separate cruising section or turbine is employed a disconnectible clutch or coupling may be employed between it and the propeller shaft Specification of Letters Patent.

MARINE-TURBINE INSTALLATION.

Patented Feb. 18, 1919.

Serial No. 102,668.

so as to eliminate the objectionable results occasioned by running the section idle at full speed, but this further increases the weight of the installation and adds an additional mechanism to be attended and operated.

In the apparatus illustrated all of the working elements operate as power producing elements, while the installation is developing full power and running at high speed and, except for extremely low s eeds, all of the elements are in operation .w ile the turbine is running at reduced power and low speed.

As illustrated, the turbine is divided into two

sections

2 and 3, the former of which may be termed the high pressure section, because high pressure motive. fluid is delivered to it and under normal operating conditions is then delivered to the section 3 after it. has been partially expanded in doing work. The last mentioned section may therefore be termed the low pressure section.

The section 2 is illustrated as including two

turbine elements

4 and 5. The turbine element 4: is diagrammatically illustrated as an impulse stage and includes two rows of blades 6, which are mounted upon a rotor wheel and receive motive fluid from one or more nozzles 7. The nozzles are adapted to partially expand the motive fluid imuing from them and the blades are adapted to abstract all of the velocity or kinetic energy of the motive fluid, rendered available by the expansion. For convenience of description this stage may referred to as a partialor variable admission stage, although it will be understood that the initial stage may be of any desired type. The element 5 is illustrated as a full peripheral admission element and consists of alternate rows of stationary vanes and rotating blades. I have found that it is preferable to employ a partial or variable admission initial stage or element and full peripheral admission intermediate and low pressure elements. The intermediate and low pressure elements may be of any type but are preferably of the type in which a single row of moving blades and a single row of stationary vanes constitute one stage. The term stage is herein employed to designate cooperating turbine elements such. for example as blades and vanes, which partially expand the motive fluid and abstract all of the kinetic or velocity energy rendered available by the expansion. From this it no till - pressure element.

will be seen that the expansion of the fluid may take place wholly within the stationary vanes or wholly within the rotating blades, or it may take place both the stationary vases and rotating blades.

The low pressure section 3 includes an termediate pressure element 9, similar in most respects to the element 5 above described. For convenience of description this element may be considered as divided into two elements, one of [which is designated by the numeral and may be termed a low It will, however, be ap parent to those skilled in the art that the low pressure element 10 is a continuation or the element 9. A separate low pressure element 11 is also included in the section 3 and, as illustrated, is located at the opposite end or" the section from the element 10. it is also so arranged that fluid traversing it flows in an opposite axial direction fro the direction of flow through the

elements

9 and 10. An interleaving seal 12 is located between the elements 9 and 11 and a dummy or balance piston 12', is employed, which may be proportioned to counterbalance the axial or longitudinal thrust occasioned by the motive fluid traversing the element 9.

Under full power conditions the motive fluid issuing from the initial stage or ele ment 4 is divided into two streams, one of which is delivered to the element 5 and the other of which is delivered to the element 9. The motive fluid delivered to the element 5, after having traversed that element, is delivered to the low pressure element 11; and the motive fluid traversing the element 9 is delivered to the so called low pressure element 10. in order to accomplish this distribution of fluid the high pressure section 2 is provided with

fluid delivery ports

13 and 13 and the low pressure section 3 is provided with inlet ports la and 14 and

exhaust ports

15 and 15*. As illustrated, the port-13 communicates with the port l-fl through piping 16, which is provided with a control valve 17 and the port 13 com municates with the port 1 through piping 18, which is provided with a control valve 19. The

exhaust ports

15 and 15 respectively communicate with the element 10 and with the element 11, the former of which is served by the inlet port 14, and the latter by the inlet port 1 5". As shown, both exhaust ports communicate, through suitable piping, with a condenser 22, although it will be apparent that each port may communicate with a separate condenser. With this arrangement of apparatus the fluid issuing from the initial stage or element is divided into two streams, which flow through separate paths to the exhaust.

Under reduced load conditions and while the or anized apparatus is operating at reduced speed the motive fluid passes in series through the elements i, 5, 9 and 10; means are therefore provided for deliverin fluid issuing from the element 5 to the in et end of the element 9. The means illustrated includes a port 23 formed in the casing of the element 2 and communicating through piping 2a with the inlet port ll of the section 3. As shown, the piping 2d communicates with the piping 16 on the delivery side of the valve 17 and is provided with a control valve 25. Under reduced load conditions the valves 17 and 19 are closed and the valve is open, all the motive fluid issuing from the stage 4; is therefore deliv ered to the element 5 and, after traversing that element, is delivered to the element 9, from which it is delivered to the element 10 and finally to the turbine exhaust. in the drawings 1 have shown a passage 26, which is adapted to establish conimunication between the inlet ends of the low pressure elements 10 and 11 and l have also shown the element 11 larger than the element 10. By employing the passage 26 and providing a valve 2'? in that passage, the element 10 may be proportioned to the volume of fluid at light loads, since the element 11 mai' operate in parallel with the element 10 when the load is such that a greater volume of low pressure fluid is delivered to the element 10 than can traverse it and be expanded efiiciently in doing work.

In order that the motive fluid will be elliciently expanded in doing work as it traverses the

successive elements

5, 9 and 10, while those elements are operating in series. the blade areas of the element 9 must of necessity be greater than the blade areas of the element 5, and the blade areas of the element 10 must be proportionally large. For this reason it is desirable to deliver a greater quantity of fluid to the element 9, than to the element 5, while those elements are operating in parallel and while the installation is gperating at full speed and under full loa I It will be apparent that the port 13 of the section 2 may be located as illustrated, ,or

that one or more stages of either the partial or variable admission type or of the full peripheral admission type may be located between it and the initial stage a. In this way, that is, by varying the position of'the port 13, with respect to the working passage or the section 2, the power developed by the two sections may be proportioned to suit existing conditions.

As illustrated, each section- 2 and 3 is provided with a reversing element. The reversing element '29 of the section 2 is located adjacent to the exhaust end of the element 5 and consists of nozzles 29 and cooperating blades 29. It will, of course, be understood that the reversing element is merely illustrative and that a turbine element or any section 3 since all of the'valves 17 ,19 and 24 esa-ear type may be employed. In order that the section 2 may be driven in the reverse direction without delivering fluid to the section 3, an exhaust port 30 is providedin the casing of the section 2, which may communicate with a condenser and which will *Tof necessity be provided with a valve for closing ofl ommunication between the section 2 and With this arrangement it will be apparent that either. or both of the

sections

2 and 3 may beindependently operated while reversing. In case it is desirable to operate the reversing

elements

29 and 31 in series, a valved passage may connect the exhaust port 30 of the section 2 with the. nozzles 31 of the section 3. With such an arrangement communication between the condenser and the exhaust port 30 may be shut of and the element .31 may then be operated as a low pressure stage of the element 29, or the

elements

29 and 31 could be operated independently and each as a high pressure stage by closing communication between the port 30 and the nozzles 31 andby opening communication between the port 30 and the condenser. In fact, the port 30 renders it possible to operate the ahead elements of the section 2 independently of the ahead elements of the may be closed and communication between the condenser and the exhaust port 30 established while one or more of the nozzles 7 is receiving steam. This is advantageous under emergency conditions and it may also be desirable to provide means for delivering high pressure motive fluid to the inlet port 14 so that both turbine sections could operate independently as highpressure sections, or so that each section could receive fluid from a separte source. In the drawings I have shown

auxiliary inlet ports

32 and 33, theformer communicating with an intermediate portion of the working passage of; the element 5, whereas the latter communicates with the inlet end of the so called low pressure element 10. These ports may communicate with any source of low pressure steam and in fact may be employed to bleed steam from the turbine for any pur-' pose whatsoever.

, it will be apparent that the sections 2 and .3'may be operatively coupled toindependently driven agents such as propeller shafts or that they may be geared to one driven agent. It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions, modifications, omissions and additions may be made in the apparatus illustrated without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth by the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. A turbine unit comprisinga plurality of turbine elements, means for operating certain of said elements in parallel, means for delivering fluid issuing from one of said elements operating in parallel to another of said turbine elements, and means for cutting 6a the flow of fluid to saidv last mentioned element and for operating said parallel sections in series.

. 2. A turbine unit comprising a plurality of turbine elements, means for operating certain of said elements in parallel, means for delivering fluid issuing from one of said parallel elements to another element, and means for cutting off the delivery of motive fluid to said last mentioned element and for delivering all the fluid issuing from one of said parallel elements to the other parallel element.

3. A turbine unit divided into separate'sections, each section including 'at least two turbine element's,means for delivering fluid issuing from one element of one section to an element of the same section and to an, element of the other section and means for delivering fluid issuing from one of said last mentioned elements to an additional element of the other section.

4. A turbine unit divided into sections,

each section including a plurality of turbine elements, means for operating elements of each section in parallel, means for delivering fluidgissuing from one of said elements to an element of the other section, means for cutting off communication between said last mentioned element and the element delivering fluid thereto, and for operating said first mentioned elements in .serles.

5. A turbine unit comprising separate sections, one of said sections including a high pressure turbine element, and an intermediate pressure turbine element, the other section including an intermediate pressure turbine element and a low pressure turbine element, means for delivering motive fluid issuing from the high pressure element to the intermediate elements of both sections and means for delivering fluid issuing from the intermediate element of the first mentioned section to the low pressure element.

6. A turbine unit comprising separate sec= tions, one of said sections including a high pressure turbine element, and an intermediate pressure turbine element, the other section including an intermediateturbine element and a low pressure turbine element, means for delivering motive fluid issuing from the hi h pressure element to the intermediate elements of both sections, means for delivering fluid issuing from the intermediateelement of the first mentioned section to the low pressure element, and means for augmenting the fluid so delivered to the low pressure element, by fluid from the other intermediate element.

7. A-turbine element divided into sections and comprising a plurality of turbine elements, some of which are located in one section, and through which motive fluid is adapted to pass in series, means for passing motive fluid in parallel through certain of said elements located in different sections, a separate element located in one section and through which the motive iluid flows in an opposite axial direction from fluid traversing the other elements oi the section, and means for delivering fluid from one of the elements operating in parallel, to said. separate element,

8. A turbine element di 'ided into sections and comprising a plurality of turbine ele ments, some of which are located in one section, and through which motive iluidis adapted to pass in series, means for passing motive fluid in parallel'through certain of said elements, located in diferent sections, a separate element located in one section and through which the motive fluid flows in an opposite axial direction from fluid traversing the other elements of the sections, and means for delivering fluid, issuing from one of the elements operating in parallel and located in the other section, to said separate element.

9. A turbine unit divided into two sec- I tions, one of said sections including a high pressure element and an element of intermediate pressure, the other section including an intermediate pressure element and two low pressure elements, means for dividing the fluid after it has issued from the high pressure element, into two streams and for delivering one of said streams to each 1 intermediate pressure element, and means for cutting 05 the delivery or" one of said streams to one of said intermediate elements and for delivering the iluid issuing from the high pressure element to said intermediate elements in series and means for delivering the iluid issuing from the intermediate elements in parallel to both or the low pressure elements.

10. A turbine unit divided into two sections, one of said sections including a high pressure element, and an intermediate pressure element, the other section including an intermediate pressure element and two low pressure elements, means for oper ating said high pressure and said intermediate pressure elements of one section in se ries with each other and in series-with the intermediate and one low pressure element of the other section, and means for operating both of said intermediate elem nts parallel on fluid delivered'irom said high pressure element, and for operating each intermediate section in series with one of said low pressure elements.

11. A turbine apparatus divided into separate sections, each section including a plurality or working elements, and means for simultaneously delivering two separate streams of motive fluid from one or said sections to different elements orthe other section, through which the fluid flows to the exhaust in separate paths.

12. A turbine apparatus divided into sepasections, each section including a plu- 1 e of worlring elements, means for si- .nultaneously delivering two separate streams or? motive fluid from one of said sections, to different elements of the other section, t irough which the fluid tlows to the exhaust in separate paths, and means for delivering all of the fluid issuing from one section to single element of the other section.

13. A turbine apparatus divided into two sections, one or said sections including a high pressure working element and an intermediate pressure element, the other section including two low pressure elements, and means for simultaneously delivering fluid to each of said low pressure elements, from different portions of the working pas= sage of said first mentioned section.

14. A turbine apparatus divided into two sections, one of said sections including a high pressure working element and an intermediate pressure element, the other section including two low pressure elements, means for simultaneously delivering fluid to each of said low pressure elements, from different portions of the working passage of said first mentioned. section, under full speed conditions, andmeans for delivering all of the fluid from said first mentioned section to one of the low pressure elements, under reduced speed conditions.

7 15. A turbine apparatus divided into two sections, one of said sections receiving high pressure fluid, the other section having two inlet ports, and a separate exhaust port ldr the working passage receiving fluid from each inlet port, and means for simultane ously delivering separate streams or fluid at ditferent pressures from the first mentioned section to the inlet ports of the second sec= tron.

16. A turbine apparatus divided into two sections, one @of said sections receiving high pressure fluid, the other section having two inlet ports, and a separate exhaust port for the working passage receiving fluid from each inlet port, means for simultaneously delivering separate streams of fluid at difr'erent pressures from the first mentioned section to the inlet ports or the second secunder full power and full speed conand means for delivering all oil the gen means? fluid issuing from the first mentioned section to one of the inlet ports of the second section under reduced, power and speed conditions.

17 A turbine apparatus divided into two sections, one of said sections receiving high pressure motive fluid and having a fluid delivery port intermediate the initial turbine element and the last row of blades, and a delivery port receiving fluid from the last row of blades, the other section having two inlet ports, each serving a separate working passage, and two exhaust ports each serving one of said working passages, and means for simultaneously delivering fluid from each delivery port of the first mentioned section to one of the inlet ports of the second section or for delivering all of the fluid traversing the Working passages of the first mentioned section to but one of the inlet ports of the second section.

18. A turbine unit divided into separate sections, each section includin at least two turbine elements, and one section including two exhaust ports, means for dividing fluid issuing from one element into two streams and for delivering it in parallel through elements of both sections, each set of parallel operating sections discharging through one of said exhaust ports.

19. A turbine unit divided into two sections, each including at least two turbine elements, and one section including two low pressure elements, each served by a separate exhaust ort, means for dividing the fluid issuing rom one section into two streams and for delivering the fluid so divided in parallel to elements located in both sections, each set of parallel operating elements including one of said low pressure elements, and means for cutting out one low pressure element and for operating all the remaining elements in series.

20. In a low pressure turbine, an intermediate pressure element and two low pressure elements, one of which operates in series with the intermediate pressure element, an inlet port serving said intermediate pressure element, and a separateinlet port serving the other of said low pressure elements.

21. In a low pressure turbine, an intermediate pressure element and two low pressure elements, an inlet port serving said intermediate pressure element, a separate inlet port serving one of said low pressure elements, and means for connecting said low pressure elements in parallel.

22. A turbine unit comprising an initial pressure unit and a low pressure unit, said initial pressure having two exhaust ports, one located intermediate the inlet port and the other exhaust port, said low pressure section comprising two independent low pressure'sections each served by a separate exhaust port, and means including an inter mediate pressure element for connecting the separate exhaust ports of the high pressure section to the separate low pressure elements of the low pressure section.

23. A turbine unit comprising an initial section including at least two ahead working elements, and a low pressure section including two independent ahead working elements each served by a separate exhaust port, means for operating certain elements of both sections in parallel on steam issuing from an element of the high pressure section, and for operating certain of said elements in series on steam issuing from an element of the high pressure section, and a reversing element operatively connected to said un1t.

24. A turbine apparatus divided into separate sections, each section including at least two ahead working elements, means for simultaneously delivering two separate streams of motive fluid from one of said sectionsto difierent ahead elements of the other sections, and a reversing section operatively connected to one ofsaid sections.

25. A turbine apparatus divided into two sections, one of said sections including a high pressure ahead and an intermediate pressure ahead working element, the other section including two low pressure ahead working elements, each served by a separate exhaust, means for simultaneously delivering fluid to each of said low pressure elementsTrom different portions of the working passage of the high pressure section and reversing elements operatively associated with said ahead sections.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 8th day of June,

WARREN B. FLANDERS.