US824546A - Governing mechanism for turbines. - Google Patents

Description

7 N3. 824,546. j PATENTED JUNE 26, 1906. 0.JUNGGREN. GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-.36, 1902.

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E e e e witnesses: Inventor:

Dscar' Jungg Amy ' ,NO- 824.546.- PATENTED JUNE 26, 1906.

O. JUNGGRBN. GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 26, 1902.

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0.- JUNGGREN. GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

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PATENTED JUNEYIZG, 1906;

No. 824,546. PATENTED JUNE 26, 1906. 0. JUNGGREN.

GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES:

APPLIOATIONTILED AUG. 26, 1902.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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witnesses; Y lnoentor:

Oscar Junggren, W 9 M may.

OSCAR JUNGGREN, OF SGHENECTADY, NEW YORK,

ism for E UNITED STATES ERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A

PATENT OFFICE.

CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

' Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 26,1906;

Application filed August 26. 1902. Serial No. 121,110.

T0 at whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, OscAR JUNGGREN, a

citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Schenectady, in the county of-Schenectady, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Governing Mechanfollowing is a specification.

It has been heretofore proposed to control elastic-fluid turbines having expanding nozzles and a single set of rotating vanes or buckets by manually cutting in or out one or more of said nozzles for wide variations in speed due to changes in load and to automatically compensate for minor variations by throttling the admission of steam to the remaining nozzles in service. Such an arrangement may be, to a certain extent, satisfactory with small machines and those having single wheels; but it would be impracticable with large turbines for several reasons. Ithas also been roposed to regulate a turbine by having a Targe iston-valve, which is mechanically connects to the governor and moved back and forth in a manner to cover or, uncover one or more expand1ngnozzle sections of a. sectionalized nozzle. Withsuch a construction there 1s of necessity a throttling of each nozzle section or passage efliciency of the turbine.

prior to its being cut out-that is to say, the arts are so arranged that the governor may hold the piston in such a position that the passage is only partiall covered, in which case the velocity of the et is decreased, as is also the volume. Each time that this throttling takes place there is a slight loss in the Good practice dic tates that a governor-designed to control the admission of fluid to an engine or turbine within two or three per cent. shall be so constructed that the work required of it shall not exceed two or three per cent. of its capacity to do useful work. When this is consid ered in connection with large turbinessay of five-thousand-kilowatt capacity-having compound wheels and intermediates and requiring two hundred and fifty thousand pounds of fluid per hour, (this includes an overload capacity of fifty per cent.,) the objection to the ordinary governors is apparent. It is also obvious that hand regulation is unsuited for turbines of the character described, particularly when theyare employed in driving dynamo-electric machines,

astic-Fluid Turbines, of which the V where the load is constantly changing and frequently between wide limits.

In order to maintain the efficiency of an elastic-fluid turbine, the fluid ermitted to pass through the nozzle or nozzies whenever ltor they are in service should have a definite velocity. Experiments have been made showingthat by throttling the passage of fluid through a given nozzle by fifty per cent. the efficiency is decreased to thirty-five er cent, and if the passage is further thrott ed the efficiency will fall more rapidly. It is evident that it would be impossible to instantly cut a very large volume of fluid in a single stream into or out Of'SBIVlCB, and, moreover, such an arrangement would be undesirable for other reasons. This means that a plurality of nozzles, with their fluid streams, should be rovided and the regulation accom li'shed y changing the number of nozzles d ielivering fluid to the moving element or vane-wheel, as the conditions of load change. In other words, a plurality of nozzles should be provided with mechanism for regulating each nozzle separately and intermittently and in such manner that it is either full open or closed, as conditions of service demand. This does not necessarily mean that all of the nozzles on the turbine are regulable, for under normal conditions the load does not vary from full to no load.

The object of my invention is to provide a trate an embo iment of my invention, Figure 1 is a front elevation of a compoundtwostage elastic-fluid turbine. Fig. 2 is a sectional detail 'view of the expanding nozzles and buckets. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of an electromagnetically-controlled nozzlevalve for controlling the'admission of elastic fluid to a nozzle and the motor which is employed to actuate the valve. Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional detail view of'the motor-controlling valve which controls the a tion of the nozzle-valve. Fig. 5 is a transv rse section taken on line 5 5 of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the secondary valve, and Fig. 7 is a diagram of connections.

A vSSIGNOR TO GEN governing mechanism for efiiciently regulat of nozzle-openings for delivering a stream or column of motive fluid to the bucket-wheel and a plurality of individual valves for cutting the sections into and out of service, with electrically-actuated means controlled by a governor for regulating the action of the individual valves, whereby the cross-sectional area of the column of fluid delivered to the Wheel is varied. When considered from a different point of view, the invention includes the idea of secondary control for a turbine wherein a plurality of nozzles and separately-actuated nozzle-valves are provided, each of which is governed by a small auxiliary or secondary means, with a governor acting on the secondary means successively, the governor being responsive to changes in operative conditions. In this manner a governing system is provided wherein the actual load on or work required of the governor is very small. Hence the turbine can be accurately regulated over wide ranges in load by varying the volume of motive fluid without changing its velocity, and the governingcurve will be the same or substantially the same under conditions of increasing or decreasing load. In this particular my claims are to be construed as generic.

My invention is applicable to turbines havmg one, two, or more stages. In the present instance I have shown a turbine comprising two stages 1 and 2, situated one above the other, although they may be placed side by side or in any other convenient position. They may even be entirely separate struc tures and arranged to drive separate shafts, if desired. Each stage is provided with a revolving vane or bucket wheel 3, and these wheels are mounted on a shaft 4, the latter being supported in the usual bearings. The vane or bucket wheels in both stages of the turbine are of the same construction, as are also the stationary vanes between the moving vanes, so that a description of one of them will be suflicient. Formed on the periphery of the wheel 3 and extending around it circumferenti ally is a plurality of vanes or buckets 4, arranged in rows. A number of these rows are provided, and extending inward toward the center of revolution and between the vanes onthe Wheel are stationary vanes or intermediates 5. The stationary or intermediate vanes are arranged in short sectional groups instead of extending circumerentially-around the Wheel, and the number of. vanes in each sectional group depends on the number of nozzle-sections admitting fluidzto the wheel. Whenin certain positions,

the passages or spaces between the vanes on the wheel coincide with the spaces between the stationary vanes 5. Such a condition is shown in Fig. l of the drawings. This being a sectional View, the nozzle-opening does not show; but the feature of gradually increasing the size of the passage between vanes from the inlet to the exhaust is clearly shown.

The turbine illustrated is what is known as a two-stage turbine, and the elastic medium in passing through it has a certain amount of its energy abstracted by the upper set of vanes, called the first stage, and the remainder by the lower set of vanes, called the "second stage. The turbine may be operated as a single-stage machine by connecting the first-stage casing with the exhaust through the connection. 60. The valves of the second stage can then be disconnected from those of the first or not, as desired.

The turbine illustrated is intended to operate with steam, and my improved controlling mechanism is therefore especially designed for controlling steam but the invention is equally well adapted for governors controlling other forms of elastic fluid.

in order to avoid objectionable heavy moving parts, I subdivide the mechanism into a number of sections and provide a governor for controlling the action of all of the said sections or subdivisions by successive steps.- VVhere the sections are relatively small and light, the governor may be arranged to act upon them directly in a manner to definitely and positively cut nozzles or sections of a nozzle into and out of service. Where the parts are relatively large and heavy, it is desirable to provide intermediate devices for actuating them and to regulate said devices through the intervention of means requiring only a small amount of power. This may take the form of electrical means arranged to close and open the various circuits; but the invention in its broadest aspect is not to be construed as limited to this. With this system of secondary control the parts acted upon by the governor are comparatively light. Hence the load thereon will be small and good regulation obtained. To put the matter in a different way, a system of secondary regulation is provided wherein the heavier parts are moved by motors which are under the control of small parts, the operation of which is regulated by the governor. By definitely and positively opening and closing the nozzleopenings I avoid all tendency to throttle the fluid admission, and hence the efficiency of the'turbine is maintained.

Another important feature of my invention resides in the fact that if one valve re-. fuses to close for any cause it does not aflect the operation of an other valve, and the regulation of the tur ine is not seriously impaired. 1

In carryingout my invention a plurality of individual and separately-actuated noa zle= i causes wheel. The nozzle shown. is of the seas-re ficient to handle the total amount of fluid required by a given turbine, and when one nozzle is rendered inoperative by closing itsvalve the total admission of iiuid to the turbine is reduced by a little over three per cent,, and vice verse. I

While I consider it desirable to use as many valves as there are nozzles, I may have a less number of valves than nozzles in a given stage, in which case the main throttlevalve would be depended upon in shutting down the machine. The arrangement just described will be found to be useful Where the turbine is always working under a portion of its load-sayfifty per cent.and it is only necessary toregulate for ranges in load from a point slightly below this to the maximum. The nozzlesections of the second stage are larger than those inthe first to compensate for the increased volume of the fluid due to the decrease in pressure. The size of the nozzle-valves in the second stage is also increased over those of the first stage and for the same reason.

The grouping of the nozzles and the nozzlevalves can be arranged as desired, it being preferable, however, to distribute them symmetrically around the wheel at equidistant points, so as'to distribute the effects due to the fluid-jets evenly over the surfaces oi the wheels. This arran ement is also desirable, as it avoids the introc notion of heavy moving parts and -allordsmore room for the valve mechanism and renders them more easily inspected. I

In Fig. 2 is'shown the arrangement of a group of closely-associated nozzle-sections and a vane or bucket wheel viewed in aplane parallel with the axis of the v supportingshaft. Each nozzle comprises a fluid-chamher or bowl 7, that opens at its lower end into a diagonally exterldmg nozzle-passage 8, the end of which dischar es the fluid the anding type, and thepressure of the fluid delivered thereby is the same or substantially the same aslthat: of the wheel- 'asi' but nozzles having other char .eoeristios used under. certain. conditions. As passes through eachone of these nozzles the pressure is converted into etc also or velocity and'striliins the vanes i of the vane-Wheel into two tax. a of the. shaft. ,Ai'ter.

ters the mtermediates and is deflected thereby into the second row of buckets or vanes, and so on. It will be noted that the intermediates cover substantially the same are as the nozzles, and the buckets formed thereon are so disposed that When a nozzle is cut out the buckets or vanes, both moving and stationary, which are in line therewith, are also out out. By reason of this arrangement the total cross-sectional area of the fluidassage is decreased or increased as the individual nozzles are cut out of or into service. This is an important feature,.since it enables me to preserve the desired character of the fluid stream as to volume and velocity. When all of the nozzles are in service, it follows that the maximum number of moving buckets are employed and also the maximum number of intermediate buckets. To putthe matter in a different way, the turbine is provided with a number of nozzles, each of which has a valve and a corresponding Workingpassage or passages, each passage comprising movable and stationary buckets. The nozzles are tinder the control of a governor and so arranged that they are either closed or o ened, there being no intermediate position. on one of the nozzles is closed against the entrance of the motive fluid, the Working passage corresponding thereto is also closed, except for the spill from onebucket to another. The grouping of the nozzles, as shown, is advantageous, because the leakage between the stationary and moving parts is decreased. c

In Fig. 3 is shown an enlarged sectional view of an automatically-controlled valve representing a means for carrying out my invention by regulating the admission of fluid to a nozzle. Each valve inthe present illustration is under the control of an electromagnet and is independent as to its operation of every other valve in the same group. All of the noz'zle-valves being similar in construction, except as to the size of the parts, a description of one of them will be sufficient. This similarity of construction is highly desirable, as the parts for a given size are interchangeable, and the cost of construction is greatly decreased. Moreover, the arrangement of a number of individual valves electrically operated or controlled from a separate governor affords a great mechanical simplification.

7 represents a valve-casing having finished top and bottom flanges, by means of which it is attached to the steam connection and to the flanged ieoe containing the chambers or bowls? and nozzles 8, Fig. 2. The casin is provided. with a passage 9, which is divi ed parts by the partition containing the nozzle-valve 6. The upper end of the passage communicates with the boilerand the lower end delivers fluid to a bowl 7.

heio'pening in the partition is made large enough to receive the sleeve 10, the-latter being provided with a conical valve-receiving seat. The valve is provided with four projections 11, which engage with the sleeve and act as guides therefor. It is of the utmost importance that all of the valves 6 be capable of completely shutting ofi all the steam admitted to the first-stage nozzles, for if the loadis suddenly removed'when the turbine is running with a condenser and the valves close even a very small amount of steam will cause it to race. part ofthe motive fluid is handled'by the separately-actuated valves, the main throt-.

tle-valve must of course be de ended upon to cut off the supply. Forme on the back of the valve is a rodwhich connects it with the motor-piston 12, the latter being larger than the valve and provided with packingrings to prevent leaking. The piston and its cylinder are in line-with the valve and are inclosed by the same casing. The motors and their controlling-valves are. under the controlof electromagnets, as will appear hereinafter, and when for any reason the magnets cease to operate the valves '6, contr'olllngthe admission of steam to the=nozzles, Will automatically close.

This precaution isobviously advantageous, since it prevents acci dents. I also provide an auxiliary governor, in addition to the main governor, which is set to operate at a definite increase in speed over the normalas, for example, ten per cent. The governor is arranged to tripa circuit-breaker and interrupt the energizingcircuit of all of the magnets.

, Between the plate 13 or other stationary abutment and the motor-piston is a compression-spring 14, that tends at all-times to close the nozzle-valve. This spring is necessary'in order to start the motor into operation when steam 'is admitted to its cylinder.

When the nozzle-valve is wide open, the

ing nozzle and has it's pressure converted into velocity. The passage of the motive fluid is therefore under the control of a secondary valve, which is also mounted on the valve casing7. It will thus be seen that for every nozzle amain or nozzle valve, a motor, and a secondary or motor-controlling valve are provided, the secondary valve and'motor be ing under the control of the governor, acting in-the present case through an electromagnet.

For small machines it is possible under cer-.

When only a.

upset and the 6 directly by the electromagnets Without the intervention of the motors, and certain of the claims in their broadest aspect include such an arrangement. The secondary or motorcontrolling valve is mounted on a plate 13, which isbolted or otherwise secured to the valve-casing. The plate 13 is bored out to receive the tubular extension 14 of the casing 15 ,which forms a part of the secondary-valve mechanism. The lower end of the extension is beveled, so as to make a tight fit with the plate around the ports and prevent the escape of steam. Mounted Within the casing and suitably guided is a movable piece 16, havingan enlarged head and downwardly extending portion, the latter being screW- threaded to the stem 17 of the secondary valve 18. The lower end of the cylindrical extension 1 1 is provided With a valve-seat,

arranged to engage with the valve 18, and one or more ports or openings 19, which communicate With, the passage 20 and admit live steam to the back of the motor-piston 12 when it is desired to close the nozzle-valve 6. The secondary or motor-controlling valve 18 is double-acting-that-ie to say, it is em loyed to control the admission of steam to tiie cylinder 21 and also to control theexhaust opens the cylinder 21 to the exhaust, at the same time closing thelive-steam entrance.

The double-acting secondary valve 18 is made after the manner of a piston-valve and has a plurality of guides 27 formed on the periphery. Between these'guides are slots 28, which communicate with the reduced portion 29 of the valve. The ends of the valve are made conical and are adapted to be seated on conical seats. The upper seat is formed on the cylindrical extension 14, and the'lower seat is formed in the plate13. The construction of the valve is more clearly shown in-Figs. 4 to 6, inclusiv It is to'benoted that the nozzle-valve and the motor are-entirely inclosed and that there are no valve-stems or other parts projecting through. the casing requiring packing. This isan important feature of IHY'IIIVGIltiOIl-EOP it enables me to reduce the leakage and at the sametime decrease the cost of maintenance. It also lessens the cost of attendance.

The action of each of the valves is as fol-v lows: When the circuit of the magnet is'energi zed, it raises the secondary ormotor-con.-

tain conditions to actuate the nozzle-valves l trolling valve 18 and cuts off the supply of live steam to the cylinder 21. At the same time the exhaust-port 22 is uncovered and the steam remaining in the motor-cylinder 21 is permitted to escape. The diameter of the motor-piston 12 being greater than that of the nozzle-valve 6 the valve will automatically open as soon as the pressure on the back of the piston is decreased to a certain extent. As soon as the nozzle-valve 6 is opened steam will enter the nozzle and V ass through the turbine, as previously descri ed. \Vhen, for any reason, it is desired to cut out a nozzle-section, the magnet is de-nergized,

which permits the motor-controlling valve 18 to drop and close the exhaust-port 22, at the same'time admitting live steam to the motorcylinder 21. The piston will then move forward under the action of the fluid and the compression-spring and close the nozzlevalve 6, thereby cutting off its nozzle. It will thus be seen that the motor is of the doubleacting type and utilizes the same fluid that drives the turbine, and, furthermore, that the fluid delivered to the motor is taken from the boiler end of the expanding nozzle.

Referring to Fig.7, the circuit connections will be described. Each motor-controlling valve in the first and in the second stage is provided with a magnet-winding, and the windings of corresponding valves are connect-' ed in series, although the multiple connection of windings may be used, if desired. As before stated, the nozzles are distributed around the circumference of the wheels at suitable points and are arranged in groups. In controlling the admission of steam to the turbine it is desirable to distribute the strains evenly over the entire circumference, and to accomplish this I arrange the connections for the controlling-magnets in such manner that the "corresponding nozzles in the first and second stages are first cut out of one group, then the corresponding nozzles of the group diametrically opposite, and so on. This feature of progressively cuttin in or out the nozzles will be more clearly s own by reference to the diagram. The first nozzles to be cut into or out of service should be locatedat the ends of the group. It does not matter particularly, however, whether the nozzles so affected are atone end of the group or the other. 35 represents a governor which is driven by a pulley 36 or equivalent means from the main shaft of the turbine. On the governor is a lever 37, Whichis connected to an arm 38 by the link 39. The arm is mounted on the shaft of the contact-cylinder 40, and as the lever 37 moves up and down under the action of the governor the cylinder is rotatedv in a manner to cut in or out the various magnet-windings. This'cutting of the magnet-Winding into and out of service is due to the tapered contactplate on the cylinder. In the present instance the controllable, nozzles of the turbine have been divided into four groups of eight each.

It is to be observed that in'the second stage there are certain valves which are not ccnnected tothe governor, but these maybe con nected, if desired. Current for actuating the magnets is taken from the circuita-rires iand 42. With the parts in the position. shown all of the magnets are energized, and consequently all the nozzle-controlling valves are open. Assuming that for any reason the speed increases above a certain point, the contact-cylinder 40 is rocked so that the brush 4:3 is cut out of circuit. This means that the magnet-winding 44 of the first stage and 45 of the second stage, group A, will be cut out of circuit, and, as has been described,

when the magnet is denergized it permits the motor-controlling valve 18 to drop and the live steam to enter the cylinder 2 and close the nozzle-valve 6. A continued increase in speed due to a decrease in load or for any other reason will cause the brush 46 to moi e oil of the contact-plate on the cylinder, thus interrupting the circuit of the magnet 46 of the first stage and the magnet 47 of the second stage, these latter magnets being located in group of nozzles C, which group is located diametrically op osite to group A. A continued movement 0 'the cylinder in the same direction will cut out brush 48, which brush controls the flow of current to the mag net-coil 49 of the first stage and magnet-coil 50 of the second stage, group B. As soon as the magnets are deenergized the nozzlevalves controlled by these magnets in both the first and second stages will close through the action of the fluid-motors. A continued movement of the cylinder in the same direction will break the circuit at brush 51, and the magnet 52 of the first sta e and 53 of the second stage, group D, will e denergized, and the nozzle-valves controlled thereby will be automatically closed. Continued move ment of the cylinder in the samedirection will interru t the circuit at-brush 54, which is connects to the magnets of group A of the first and second stages. of this action isunnecessary, because the action is similar with respect to each of the contact-brushes and the circuits. By cutting out the nozzles in grou A, then in group C, then in group B, and fihally in group D the strains are distributed practically evenly around the circumference of the wheel. As

the load increases the nozzles-are again re- Further description ten per cent, for example-strikes the latch 56 and releases the circuit-breaker, thus interrupting the continuity of the supply-wire e1. As soon as this is done the supply of current to all of the magnet-windings on the turbine will cease, and the armatures 16 will drop and close the exhaust-ports 22 and admit the motive fluid to the cylinders 21,, which will cause the motors to close the noz zle-valves. It is to be borne in niind in connection with this closing that the area of the valve 6 is added to that of the piston 12. The governor shown is driven by means of the bevel-gears 58 and the pulley 36, the latter being belted to the main shaft of the turbine.

It is to be noted that the nozzles or nozzlesections 8 are grouped together in such intimate relation that the fluid discharged by ment is important, because all of the pas- .them acts as a single stream. This arrangesages directly in front of the active nozzles 01' nozzle-sections will work at their maximum efficiency. Ifind it preferable to cast eachnozzle structure out of a single piece of metal and to form the several expanding passages at the same time, after which the nozzle-sections can be carefully machined to size. I do not wish, however, to be considered as excluding myself from making nozzles out of separate pieces and combining them in a manner to roduce a nozzle having the same characteristics as the one shown. Cutting out one or more of the end sections of the nozzle changes the total volume of fluid delivered to the buckets without changing its velocity, and consequently the rotary and intermediate buckets directly in front of said" sections are rendered inactive. It is evident with my arrangement that;undcr normal running'conditions certain of the nozzle-sections will be open and that'one or more of the sections will be cut out. For any given position of the contact-cylinder it'is also evident that there will be at least one contact which is continually making and breaking the circuit of a magnet. For any iven position of'the contact-cylinder it is afso evident that there will be at least one contact which is continually making and breaki'nglthe circuit of a magnet, due to the fact that a, iven number of open valves and nozzles Wi I seldom furnish exactly the amount of. steam required-that is tosay, a load may be of-such magnitude that it rev uires an amount of steam equivalent to the ischarge of five and a. half nozzles,.in which'case five 0 en valves and nozzles will not supply enou h and no'z es Wil supply too muc Under normal conditions of operation thiswill result in some of the valves and nozzlesbeing' 1n service, some-out of SGIVICB, and at least one valve at the critical point of regulation o en ing and closing to admit a pulsatory supp y of fluid to the nozzle or nozzle-section steam and six 0 en valves which it controls. peated for each of the other valves and nozzles under similar circumstances. This means that the valve controlled thereby is continually opening or closing, as the case may be; but it is to be noted that the construction of the valve is such that it can never assume an This same action is reintermediate position, and thus cause the last sect-ion of the nozzle to be throttled and impair the efficiency of the, turbine. All of the valves 6 in each group receive steam from the same chamber through the passages 9, the said chamber bein found in the steam-chest 61. By reason 0' this arrangement large pipes can be em loyed to convey fluid to the valves, and the osses in the transmission will be small. The conduits between the steamchest and the severah valve-chambers are short and are relatively free from bends and other obstructions. 1

I have described'my' invention in connection with. a turbine having expanding noz- ZlS,SII1C8 this is the preferred construction; but it is to be understood that the invention is not to be construedas being so limited in all of its aspects.

Iam aware that it has been proposed to regulate the admission and exhaust ports of a reciprocating engine means of electromagnetically-controlled valves, the circuits for the magnets being made and broken by a contact device driven by the engine, and hence do not make claim thereto. I am also aware that it has been proposed to regulate a radial impact-turbine comprising a number of independent non-expanding nozzles which deliver fluid tangentially to peripheral buckets on a single wheel and are spaced an appreciable distance from each other by providing aseparate valve for each nozzle. The valves in the particular arrangement referred to are operated by a reciprocating bar having camsurfaces, which are so arranged that the valves can assume intermediate positions, and thus throttle the admission of fluid to the periphery of the wheel. My claims are not to be construed as being broad. enough to include this construction.

The improvement in nozzle-valves disclosed in this application is not claimed herein, because it forms the subject-matter of a divisional application filed April 29, 1903, Serial N 0. 154,889.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes Ihave described theprinciple' of operation of. my invention, together with the apparatus which I'now consider .to represent the best embodiment thereof; but

I desire to have it understood that the appa causes tion of a bucket-Wheel, a plurality of nozzles arranged to discharge motive fluid thereto, separate valves for the nozzles, individual secondary valves for controlling the nozzle-- valves, a governor, and means under the control of the governor for ing the secondary valves.

2. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a bucket-wheel, a number of closely associated nozzle-sections delivering fluid to thwheel, intermediate buckets located between the wheel-buckets, nozzle-controlling valves each having an open and'a closed position but no intermediate, individual secondary means controlling the nozzle valves, a governor, and mechanism under the control of the governor for successively actuating the I secondary means.

. 3. In a turbine, the combination of a wheel, a plurality of individual expanding nozzleopenings, separately-actuated valves for positively opening and closing the openings,

thereby changing the volume delivered without varying the velocity, the said valves havmg no intermediate position, a secondary device for actuating each of the valves, and a governor for successively moving the devices into and out of operation.

4. In a turbine, the combination of a bucket-wheel, a stationary sectional intermediate, a plurality of nozzle-openings delivering ll uid to the wheel and to the intermediate, soparatcly-actuated valves for opening and closing the nozzle-openings, a separate secondary means for actuating each valve, each of said secondary means being independent in its action of every other means, and a device responsive to speed changes which regulates the action of the secondary means, substantially as described.

5. In a governing system, the combination of a turbine-wheel, a plurality of expanding nozzles therefor, an electrically-controlled valve for each nozzleacting to vary the total volume of iluid delivered to the Wheel Without altecting its velocity.

6. In a turbine, the combination of a plurality of nozzle-o enings formed in a single.

structure, valves or the nozzles which are attached to said structure and have an open and a closed position but no intermediate, electrically-controlled means for regulating the valves, and a revolving elementwhich is acted upon by the fluid from the nozzles.

7. Ina turbine, the combination of a revolving wheel, intermediates which cover a section of the wheel, a number of nozzles delivering fluid to the wheel and to the intermediates, valves which have only an open and a closed position for definitely cutting the nozzles into and out of service, and electrical means for regulating the valves.

8/ In a turbine, the combination of awheel,

a plurality of expanding nozzles which con-' successively actuatvalves, a goverimr, and contacts acted upon by the governor for opening and closing the circuits oi the magnets.

9. In a turbine, the combination of a Wheel,"

a plurality of nozzles which convert the pressure of the steam into velocity and deliver it.

with the velocity unimpaired to the Wheel,

'electrically-controlled valves for cutting the nozzles into and out of service, eachvalve having two definite positions, and a device re-.

. sponsive to speed variations-for varying tne circuit connections ofjthe valves.

10. In a turbine, the combination 'of a bucket-wheel, a plurality of nozzles which are closely associated and convert the pressure of the motive fluid into veloci and de liver it with a velocity unimpaired to the wheel, valves regulating the nozzles which have an open and a closed positioi'i but no intermediate, secondary valves controlling the nozzle-valves which are independent of each other in their action, a governor that is responsive to speed variations, and means under the control of the governor for successively cutting the secondary valves into and out of service.

11. In a turbine, the combination of a wheel having rows of vanes or buckets, segmental intermediate vanes or buckets between the rows of wheel vanes, a casing for the wheel, a plurality of nozzles arranged in groups for imparting velocity to the motive fluid and delivering it to the wheel at substantially the pressure of the casing, and elec trically controlled valves for the nozzles which definitely put the nozzles into or out of wheel, having circular rows of buckets, inter mediate buckets situated between the rows of wheel-buckets and arranged to cover a portion only of the wheel, a nozzle arranged in segmental form and situated in line with the intermediate bucket, the said nozzle comprising a plurality of closely-associated passages whereby the fluid therefrom is dise charged in a solid stream, valves for the paseach valve, which is arranged to admit fluid,

sages, pistons for operating them, independent secondary valves for controlling the pistons, and means for successively operating the secondary valves.

14. In a turbine, the combination of a fluid-admitting valve, a motive device for openin the valve when steam is admitted to the tur ine, a magnet for causing said valve to close, and a governor which controls the magnet.

15.- In a turbine, the combination of a plurality of nozzles, valves for definitelyopening and closing the nozzles, motors for definitely moving the valves to an open or closed position, magnets arrangedto permit the valves to close when they are deenergized, and a overnorfor controlling the magnets.

16.. n a turbine, the combination of aplurality of nozzles, a separate valve for each nozzle, a fluid-motor for actuating 'each valve, a valve for governing the admission of fluid'to each motor, a magnet for governing to the motor whenever its circuit is interrupted and a governor which controls the motor-valves.

17. In a. turbine, the combination of anumber of nozzles, a number of nozzlevalves, a motor for each nozzle valve, motor-governing valves, a separate magnet for operating each of the motorvalves, and a regulator which is common to the magnets.

18. In a turbine, the combination of a number of nozzles each" acting to convert fluid-pressure into velocity, motors: which tend to place the nozzles in service-as soon as fluid is admitted to the turbine, and an electrically-actuated device which controls the action of the motors.

19. A turbine having a plurality-of individual fiuid-admitting nozzles, each nozzle having an open'and a closed position,'but no intermediate, with electrically-actuated means for definitely opening or closing the nozzles.

v 20. In combination, a turbine having an automatic valve, a speed-governor acting on the valve, and means causing the valve to close whenever'the operative relation between the governor and valve is disturbed.

21. In a turbine, the combination of anumber of nozzles, valves for the nozzles, magnets for controlling the valves, a contact device capable of simultaneously energizing all of the magnets at full load,and means for automatically actuating the contact device to cut them out of circLL't one by one as the load decreases. r

22. In a turbine, the combination of a number of nozzles, electrically actuated valves for the nozzles which are operated in pairs, and a governor for cutting the valves into andout of service.

23. In a stage-turbine, the combination of nozzle-valves in the first stage, a'number of nozzle-valves in lower'pressure stage, valvecontrolling mechanism, electrical connections extending between the mechanism of the stages whereby the sets of valves are caused to act simultaneously, and a governor which controls-their action. 24. In combination, a turbine, a sectionalized nozzle, a plurality-of separatelyactuated valves for regulating the admission of fluid to the turbine, magnets for the valves, a

contact-cylinder which controls the magnets and a governor for actuating the cylinder.

25. In combination, a turbine, a plurality of electromagnetically-actuated valves, 9; contact-cylinder which is ca 'able' of simultaneously energizing all of tlie magnets and cutting them out ste by step, and a governor which is driven y the turbine for mov;

ing the cylinder.

26. In combination, a turbine, a plurality of electromagnetically-actuated valves for regulating the turbine, a governor for regulating the valves, and an auxiliary device acting under abnormal conditions,. which renders the magnet inoperative.

27. In combination, a turbine, a plurality of electromagnetically-actuated valves, a

speed-governor for regulating the normal action of the valves, and a device acted upon by the governor which cuts the magnets out:

of circuit under certain conditions.

28. In a turbine, the combination of a rotating element, a plurality of valves delivered in multiple to the magnets, and a governor acting on the device in a manner to mclude more 'or less of the conductors in the circuit.

29. In a turbine, the combination of a/rotating element, a plurality of valves delivering fluid thereto, magnets controlling the valves, which are connected in multiple, and

a contact device for simultaneously deenergizmg the magnets;

ITO

30. In a turbine, the combination of a rotating element, a plurality of valves delivering,fiuid thereto, magnets controlling the valves, which are connected in multi le, a contact device capable of simultaneous y energizing the magnets, and a second contact device capable of de'e nergizingthe magnets irrespective ofthe position of the first con' tact device. 1

31. In combination, a turbine, magnets for governing the admissionof fluid thereto,

and a contact-cylinderarranged to include the magnets in circuit simultaneously, and cut them out in a step-by-step manner.

32. In a turbine, the combmation of a sectionalized nozzle, a valve-chamber ppening into each of the sections, and se arately-actuated valves insaid chambers or controlling the admission of fluid to the nozzle-sections. 3 3. In a turbine, the combination of a no? v 37. In a steam or gas turbine, a

segue zle havi v a lurality of working passages formedt erem, a valve-chamber opening into each of the passages, separately-actuated valves situated in the chambers, and a steam-chest'withwhich the chambers all communicate.

34. In an elastic-fluid turbine, a governor, a plurality of inlet-nozzles, an independent va ve controlling each nozzle, and valves controlled by the governor for regulating thev action of the independent nozzle-valves.

35. In an elastic-fluid turbine,- the combi nation of a pluralit of inlet-nozzles, a separatel -actuated va ve for controlling each nozz e, and a second set of valves controlled by the speed of the turbine for regulating the action of said nozzle-valves.

36. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a plurality of inlet-nozzles,'an independent va ve controlling each nozzle, auxiliarg'valves which control the nozzle-valves, an a contact device for controlling the 810? tion of the auxiliary valves. d

lurality of inlet-nozzles, an independent va ve controlling each nozzle, actuated by motive fluid, and valves controlled by the speed of the turbine to admit motive fluid to, and cut it ofl'from, said turbine,substantially as de-' scribed. I

38. In combination, a bucket-wheel, 'no'zzles, a plurality of independent valves for regulating the admission of fluid thereto, a

governor for regulating the valves, .and' an,

au riliar device acti underabnormalcon ditions or rendering t e valves. inoperative. 39. In combination, a'buclret-wheel,-noz

zles, a pluralit of individual {valves for regulating the disc ar e of fluid therefrom, a governor, ,means un er the control of the gov-, ernor for controlling the valves, and a device responsive to abnormal conditions for'renderi said means inoperative and causing-the? 5' 5 j 48. Aturbine which is divided into stages 10f expansion and is provided with wheeli buckets and fluid-discharging devices for each stage, in combination with valves admitting va ves to close. y

40. In an elastic-fluid turbine the nozz e-sections,v means for cutting the sections into and out of service, a separate a motor for'each of the means, a secondary con-' trolling device for'each of the motors, and a governor that acts on all of the secondary de woes and successively renders them active and inactive. 1

. 41. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a bucket-wheel, a nozzlearranged to discharge motive fluid against the wheel,

the nozzle being composed of a lurality of closely-associated sections whic discharge the fluid as a solid stream or column a separately-actuate'd controlling means or each section, which has an open and a closed position but nointermediate, an automatic governor, and mechanism between all of the controlling means and the governor'acting to cut I o theco'mbi-f nation of nozzle-sections fordiscliarging Inc-3 tive fluidi a bucket wheel situated in front of the end section into and out of service where- I b the continuity of the intermediate portion 0; the fluid stream or column is preserved at all times.

42. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a bucket-wheel, a plurality of groups a of nozzles, each grou com risinga plurality of closely-associate :nozz e-sections whic discharge the motive fluidin the form of a solid stream or column, an automatic overnor,,an independent valve for contro mg each section of each group, and connecting means betweeneach valve and the governor whereby the end sections of the several groups are cut into or out of service successively and the continuity of the several streams or columns is preserved.

43. In an elastic-fluid turbme, a pluralit of nozzles, a valve in each nozzle, a spec overnor, and electromagnetic means controlled thereby ioropening or closing said valves progressively according to" variations in the load.

44. In an elastic-fluidturbine, a series of fluid-actuated valves cont-rolling the supply of fluid to the turbine, a series of passages for the valveactuating fluid, and a governorcontrolled valve for each passa e.

.45. In an elastic-fluid turbine, an induc tion-nozzle, a fluid-actuated valve therefor, a passa e for the valve-actuating fluid, and an electrically operated governor controlled .valve therein;

.46. .In. an elastic-fluid turbine, a series of supply-valves, and independent governorcontrolled devices which control a fluid-relay power-to-actuate said supply-val'vesj 7.;In a turbine, an induction-nozzle delivering fluid-pressure against a rotating elemerit, a fluid-actuated valve therefor, a pas- "sageforthe valve' actuating fluid, a valve therein, and a governor-controlled motor to actuate said latter. valve.

fluid t0 the turbine, a means responsive to motive fluid from one stage to anot er.

49. A turbine which is divided into stages of expansion and is provided with 'wheelbuckets and fluid discharging devicesfor.

each sta e, in combination with valves admitting uid' to the turbine, valves controlling the passage of motive fluid from one stage to another, and a speed-res onsive means causing the admission an stage I valves to open and close successively to vary the volume of fluid passing through the tur bine as the load changes.

50.- Aturbine'whiclr is divided into stages of expansion and is provided with wheel- IIO the operation of the movable buckets and fluid-discharging devices,'in combination with valves regulating the passage of fluidthrough the devices, elec.- tromagnets for operating the valves, and means modifying the circuit relations of the magnets to open and close the valves in 'ac' cordance with loadchanges, said means he- 1ng so. constructed as to permit a valve to open and close to admit a pulsatory supply of fluid to a discharging device.

53. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising movable buckets and fluid-discharging 'devices, in combination with valves regulating the passage of fluid through the devices, electromagnets for controllingthe operation of the valves, a contact means for modifying the'circuit relations of the magnets in a man,- ner to cause the valvs'to'open and close in accordance with load-changes, said means being so constructed as to permit a valve at the critical oint of regulation to 0 en and close to admit a pulsatory supply of uid to a discharging device, and a load-responsivedevice acting on the contact device. l

54. An elastic-fluid turbine having movable buckets and a nozzle comprising a plurality oi closely-associated passages arranged main to the buckets, in combination with valves for the passages having an openland a closed position but no intermediate, and a means responsive to load changes for.opening and closing"tf he valves as the oad changes, said means being so constructed as to permit a valve at one'end of the column to open-and fluid to a discharging device for described,

55. An elastic-fluid turbine having movthe purpose ing devices, in combination with valves for the devices which have an open and a closed separate and independently-acting regulator them to act successively to vary the number of valves in serv ce, said means being so con regulators in a manner to cause a valve at the critical point of regulation to open andclose and admit a pulsatorysupply of fluid to a discharging device for the purpose described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 25th day of August, 1902. 4 oscAR JUNGGREN.

Witnesses: i K

BENJAMIN B. HULL, FRED Ross.

close and admit a pulsatory supply of motive structed as to permit movement of one of the to discharge motive fluid in an unbroken colposition, motors for'aotuating the valves, a

'60 for each motor, and a load-responsive means which 1s common to the regulators and causes able buckets and a plurality of fluid-discharg-

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