US811249A - Governing mechanism for elastic-fluid turbines. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED JAN. 30, 1906.

` F. SAMUELSON.

GUVERNING MBGHANISM FOR ELASTIG 'FLUID TUBBINES.

APPLICATION FILED MARES, 1905.

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Inventor.

Frederick Samuelson.

PATENTED JAN. 30, 1906.

F. SAMUELSON.

APPLIUATION FILED MAR.23, 1905.

No. 813..249c

GO'VERNNG MEGHANSM FOR ELASTIG FLUID T HU .2 s u 9.

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' 110.811,249. PATENTED 11111. so, 1905.

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GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR BLASTIG FLUID TURBINBS. APPLIQATION FILED Mums, 1905.

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A CORPORATION 0F NEW YORK.

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VNO. 811,249.

Specification of Lettere Patent.

Patented Jam 30, 1906.

To allwhom, t may concern:

,Be it known that I, FREDERICK SAMUEL- soN, a subject of the King of Swedenand Norway, residing at Rugby, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Governing Mechanism for Elastic- Fluid Turbines, of which the following is a 4 specification.l

My invention relates to the overning of steam or-other elastic-fluid tur ines of the .typein which the steam is admitted to the turbine through a numberof nozzles.'v lIn machines of'thischaracter the regulation of the power developed is effected by controlling the number of nozzles in operation so as to vary the volume of steam admitted in accordance with the load, and in order that this regulation may be accomplished with economy-that is, with the minimum of throttlingat the main throttlevalve-it has been customary to prdvide a valve for each of the nozzles. This arrangement, however, especially in llarge machines, involves the use of a large number -of valves, which take up a large amount of valuable space and add considerably to the cost of constructionof the machine.. r

The objectof my invention is to simplify ,thel controlling mechanism by reducing the number of valves which itis necessary to employ without impairing the efficiency of regulation.

' My invention consists in dividing up the admission-space in to sections of different volume or groups of nozzles containing different numbers of nozzles or nozzle-sections andin controlling each section or group of nozzles by a separate valve.

In carrying my invention intoeffect according to one modification as applied to a steam-turbine having, for example, ten inletinlet-nozzles into four containing onenozzle,

'nozzles 'I divide these groups, the first group the second two, the third three, ';and the.

fourth four nozzles, and I fit the inlet to each y of these groups of nozzles with a valve, thereby employing only four valves in all. total number ,of inlet-nozzles is ten, if it be valves are open at full load then each nozzle will admit `one-tenth `of the steam required, and by arrangin the valve-operating 1gearto close certain o the valves, leaving t e others open, the amount of steam admitted may belregulated to With As the one-tenth load. Thus, for exammitted, the first valve shutting ofi one inletnozzle and the fourth shutting off four. ifty per cent. of the steam might also be admitted. by closing the second and third valves and opening the first and fourth. -By this method of grouping ten nozzles under the control of four valves the same re ulation may be obtained asformerly Would ave required tenseparate valves. It will be obvious that by the addition of a fifth valve controlling a group of five nozzles regulation could be obtained to `within one-fifteenth .of the total steam admission.

It will.be` understood that in addition to the above I may control the steam-supply by means vof a throttle-valve in the usual manner.

Instead of the above-described method of grouping the inlet-nozzles I may employ vvarious other arrangements.` For example, if I employ four valves,I as before, I may rovide four sections containing, respective y, one, two, four, and eight nozzles, each controlled byone of the valves, and with this arrange-, ment regulation yto within a fifteenth of the total steam capacity of the nozzles may be obtained. By adding more valves, each valve controllin a group of twice the number of inlet-nozz es contained'in'the last preceding group, finer regulation may be obtained with a comparatively small number of valves. Thus with six valves controlling taining one, two, four, eight, and sixteen inlet-nozzles, respectively, I can obtain regulation to Within one thirty-first of the total power su plied.

l Instea lof arranging the valves to control` each a different number of inlet-nozzles the same result will be obtained if the valves control `single nozzles of different capacity.A

It will be obvious that although I have described above specific examples of grouping the nozzles under the valves my invention is not limited to these, as` numerousfothe'r arrangements might be adopted' without departin from the spirit of the invention. For examp e,a number of groups of nozzles each having the same capacity in `combination groups conwith one or two groups having smaller capacities upon which the finer control and throttlmg is effected may be employed.

The operation of the valves may be effected either mechanically or electrically, and the groups should be 'arranged so that as far as possible the steam delivered to the 'turbine at each change of load enters through adjacent nozzles, so that the fluid stream is kept practically continuous, thereby diminishing the loss due to spilling at the nozzle ends.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of one embodiment of my invention. Fig. 2 is a chart showing the order of opening the valves, and Fig. 3 is a de- Avelopment of a controller for operating the valves electrically, and Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of another embodiment of my invention.

According to the modification of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3 I employ a set of ten nozzles of equal size arranged in four groups of one, two, three, and four nozzles, respectively. In order to maintain the continuity of the stream of elastic fluid passing through said nozzles, the groups are arranged in the order two, four, one, three. Each group is sup lied with steam from an individual cham er 2, to which it is admitted from a common steani-chest 3 by a single valve. This makes only four valves for the ten nozzles. They are designated as A B C D. Each valve can be separately operated by suitable devices. I have illustrated an electro neumatic system of control in which the va ves are-actuated by vsteampressure, which is in-each case controlled by a small auxiliary valve operated by an electromagnet 4f The several magnet-coils are connected by wires 5 with fingers 6, adjacent f to a controller-drum 7, on which are groups of contact-segmentsv 8. One terminal of a generator 9 is connected with said segments, said magnet-coils being connected in multiple with the other terminals thereof. The drum is operatively connected with the governor 10 vof the turbine, as by means of the levers 11, rods 12, rack 13, and pinion 14. The governor oscillates the drum to and fro, which brin s different rows of segments in contact wit the iirgers and energizes difierent magnet-coils to cause the valves to open and shut. -The drawings show that when valve C is open one nozzle is in use, giving ten er,cent.zof the total power. When valve A is open and C is shut, two nozzles are used, giving twenty-per-cent. power. The valves D and B, respectively, open three and four nozzles, increasing the power to thirty and forty per cent., the other three valves being shut in each case. To obtain fifty-per-cent. power, five nozzles must be opened, so that the controllerdrum is arranged to open valves B and`C simultaneously,v Forsi'xtyper-cent. power, A and B are opened; for seventy per cent., A, B, and C; for eightyper' cent., B C D; for ninety per cent., A B D, and for the maximum power all the valves are opened. In every combination but one (that of A B D) thenozzles in use are adjacent, so that there is no division of the stream of elastic fluid.

If thereare fifteen nozzles arranged in four,

groups of o ne, two, four, and eight, respectively, the increase of power can be by oneiifteenth at a time, the order in which the four valves are opened and closed beingconsider- 'ably more complicated, but easily effected by a roper controller-drum. l.

l Pin the embodiment of my invention illustrated in Fig-4 I have shown a nozzle-section containing twelve nozzles divided up into four groups of nozzles, two of which contain two nozzles each and the remainder Jfour nozzles. The groups are controlled by separate valves -A B C D, and a throttle-valve E is arranged to control the fluid supplied through one of the smaller groups. The nozzle-valves are operated under the control of the governor-'operated controller 7 in a similar manner Ato the arrangement shown in Fig. 1. The.

actuating member 13 in this case, however, instead of being directly connected to thc valve-operated rod 12 is connected to a rod 16, which at its opposite extremity is connected to the stem of the throttle-valve E. This lever is attached at an intermediate point to the governor-operated rod 12; which acts on the lever against the force of an adjustable controlling-spring 17, by means of which the mechanism may be adjustedy for operation at different speeds. If we assume that the nozzle-section illustrated passes the total amount of fluid supplied to the turbine and that the machine is working under a light loadcorresponding to, say, one-sixth full load, then the valve B will be open. The controller-contacts may be arranged so that for half-load the valves B and Cwill be open and for two-thirds load the valves A B will be open, the whole of the valves being open for full load. With the controlling mechanism arranged as illustrated andthe controller-drum requiring greater power to operate than does the throttle-valve it will be seen that as the governor operates under achange in load conditions the throttle-valve E will first nor mechanism on the lever 16.I ample, if we assume that the machine is working under light load the throttle-valve E and the valve B will be open, and if the load varies slightly the change in -load will be taken care of by the throttle-valve. If now the load is increased to, say, half-load, the throttle-valve will open to its then the controller will be moved so as to cause the valve C to open, any variation in 15, pivotally attached to one end of a lever.

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be moved and then the drum of the controller 7 by the action of the gover-I For ex-' full extent and y i group being controlled ratus shown is only `6o by Letters Patent cinese load being taken-care of by the throttlevalve. Similarly, if the load diminishes the throttle-valvewill :first be operated to completely cut olf the supply of luid through the nozzles controlled by the valve B', an then the controller will be operated so as to cause closure of a valve or valves, so as to meet the altered load condition.

The operation of thethrottle-valve always precedes that of the controller, and when a given load condition is established 'correspondin to certain grouping of the nozzlevalves sight variations in load are met b movement of the throttle-valve. As this valve acts on the fluid supplied through the nozzle-passage of smallest capacity, the regulation is accomplished with the minimum loss due to throttling.

.The arrangement oi overning mechanism for operating the contro ler and throttle-valve forms no part of the present invention. It is similar in construction and operation to that described in Emmet and J lmnggrens application, Serial No. 156,142, `tiled May 8,19%.

It Will be understood that inthe embodiment ol' myinvention just described the load- `steps mentioned are only illustrative of one method of operation. In practice instead of the total supply of fluid being assed through a single' nozzle-section it wou d probably be divided between at least two sections. The nozzles of one of these sections might be divided into groups of equal capacity, each by a valve, the other section being similar to that illustrated in that it has two or more groups of nozzles of unequal capacity with the throttling-valve operating on one of the groups of smaller capacity. With. this lchan e it will be obvious that a large number of' load-steps might be obtained. In general the number required is determined by the size of the machine and the special conditions under which it is required to operate.

It will therefore be seen that my invention' provides a simple and effective means for increasin and diminishing the speed of an elastic-fluidi turbine by cre'ment's.l I thus tcnance, expense, lessen downs, and render th stand andhandle.

vIn accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together withthe apparatus which I now consider to representthe best embodiment thereof; but

desire tohave it understood that the appaillustrative and that the invention can be carried'out b other means.

What I claim as new, and esire to s ecu're reduce first cost and mainthe liability of break-` e engine easier to under- In a governing mechanism for an elasticiluid turbme, the combination of anumber of `discharge-passages having different"1 ca-I Huid comparatively small in-" of the United States, is-

.pacities, individual valves for controlling the passage of fluid therethrough and a means for eilecting different combinations ot the valves to compensate for different loads on the turbines. Y

2.1In a governing mechanism for elasticluid turbines, the combination. of an admission-passage which is divided into sections having dissimilar capacities, ind1v1dual and similarly-weighted valves for controlling the passage of fluid through'said sections, and a means responsive to speed variations for effecting different combinations ofthe valves tocompensate for diilerent loads on the turbines.

- 3. In a governing mechanismvfor elasticturbines, the combination of an adnussion-passage which is divided into sections aving dissimilar carrying capacities, individual valves for controlling the passage of fluid therethroug a regulator `which o ens and closes the valves in a predetermine order as it moves from the initial to the final position to gradually increase the suplply of motive -fluid delivered to the wheel, an a device res onsive to load changes for moving the regu ator.'

4. In agoverning mechanism for an elasber of discharge-passages having diiiierent capacities, individual valves for controlling the passage of Huid therethrough a means ior effecting different-combinations ofthe valves andmeans for regulating the supply ofv fluid through a passage having the smallest capacity. y i

5. In a governing mechanism for an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of 'a number of discharge-passageshaving dliierent capacities individual valves for controlling the passage of'fluid therethrough a means for effecting different combinations of the valves and a tin-ottle-valve acting on the luid supplied to a passage having the smallest capacity.

6. In a governing mechanism for an elastic-fluid turbine the combination of a number of discharge-passages having dilierent capacities,- individual valves for controlhng the passage of iiuid therethrough a regulator constructed and arranged so as to cause the opening and closing of the valves in predetermined groups, each grou including a valve controlling a passage of tlie minimum capacity and a throttle for regulating the dis-- charge of fluid through said passage.

7.' In a governing mechanism for an elas-' tic-{luidturbine, the combination of a number of discharge-passageshaving different capacities, separate valves Y passages, a regulator constructed and arrangedv to cause the, opening and closing of said valves in predetermined groups, a throttlc-valve acting upon the fluid supplied to a passage of minimum capacity and speed-recontrolling said ytic-fluid turbine, the combination of a num- E CMD sponsive mechanism acting upon said regulator and throttle-valve- 8. In a governing mechanism for elasticfluid turbines, the combination of an admission-passage which is divided into sections having dissimilar carrying capacities, individual valves for controlling the passage of fluid therethrough, a regulator constructed and arranged to first open the valve of the passage having the least capacity', thenopen the 'valve ol the passage having the next greater capacity and close the first, and so on until each valve has been in service, and finally to group valves in a manner to further increase the supply of fluid to the turbine to the maximum, and a speed-regulating device for moving the regulator.

9. In a governing mechanism for an elastic fluid turbine, the combination with groups of nozzles of different carrying capacities, of a separate'valve for each group,-v and means forropening and closing said valves in such order that the successive quantities of elastic fluid delivered shall increase by regular increments measured by the capacity of the smallest nozzle.

10. In a governing mechanism for anelastic fluid turbine, the combination With groups ol nozzles of different carrying capacities, 'of a separate valve for each group, and means for opening andelosing said valves in such order that the successive quantities of elastic fluid delivered shall increase by regular increments, measured by the reciprocal of the total number of nozzles, from zero up to the total nozzle capacity.

11. In a governing mechanism for an elastic fluid turbine, vthe combination with groups of nozzles whose cross-sectional areas vary by multiples of a given constant, of a separate valve for each group, and means for opening and closing said valves singly and in zles that are adjacent.

13. In a governing mechanism for an elasticfluid turbine, thecombination with groups of nozzles of different carrying capacities, of a separate valve for each group, and means'for opening said valves both singly and in combinations of tWo or more, whereby the quantities of elastic fluid delivered Will increase in the arithmetical progression of a unit equal to the capacity of the smallest group.

14. In a governing mechanism for an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination with groups of nozzles of different carrying capacities of a separate valve for each group,

means responsive to changes in the load on` the turbine, and operative connections Where-v by said means causes the opening and closing of said valves in order that said nozzles shall deliver quantities of elastic fluid successively increasing or decreasing by multiples of the reciprocal of the total number of nozzles.v Y

In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 11th day of March, 1905.

FREDERICK SAMUELSON. Witnesses:A

ERNEST PARKER, ETHEL M. WEBB.

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