US1063603A - Governing mechanism for turbines. - Google Patents

Description

F. SAMUELSON.

GOVBRNING MBGHANISM FOR TURBINBS.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 1, 1907.

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P. SAMUELSON.

GOVBRNING MEGHANISM FOB TUBBINBS.

APPLIoATIoN FILED AUG. 1, 1907.

Patented June 3, 1913.

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'W/ nesses supply of fluid FREDERICK SAMUELSON, 0F RUGBY, ENGLAND,

COMPANY, A CORPORATION ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC OF NEW YORK.

GOVERNING MECHAN ISM FOR' TURBINES.

Specification of LettersPatent.

Patented June 3, 1913.

Application led August 1, 1907. Serial No. 386,591.

To all who/m, t may concern Be .it known that l, Farini-:unfit SAurnL- soN, a subject ot the King of Sweden, residing at Rugby, England, have invented certain new and useful `Improvements int Governing Mechanism. for Turbines, of l which the following 1s a specification.

lily invention relates to the control of the supply of Huid to turbines of the type adapted to be operatedveither with high pressure fluid or with the exhaust fluid from another prime mover or machine, or with both, and the object of the invention is to provide a l simple arrangement of devices for efiiciently controlling the turbine. l

A structure made in accordance with'my invention comprises a pair of mechanically coupled valves one of which operates on the to the high pressure end of the turbine while'the other controls the supply of exhaust. fluid to an intermediate stage l of the turbine, the valves being preferably operated by means of a motor Working under the control of the governor.

In the accompanying` drawings which illustrate one of the embodiments of my invention, Figure 1 is a vertical section through a mixed pressure steam turbine of the Curtis type, having a combined. high and low pressure controlling valve attached i thereto, Fig. 2 is a section through the high t pressure part of the combined valve mechal uism, Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a speed governor for controlling the motor that artuates the controlling-valve, and Fig. 4 is a view showing my invention as applied to a vertical shaft turbo-generator.

Referring to the drawing, 1 is the turbine shaft. carrying the bucket wheels 2 between which are located the diaphragins 3, these parte being inclosed by the casing 4. The valve easing 5 is secured to the wheel casing 4- by bolts passing through the flange 6 and is preferably substantially cylindrical and arranged vertically with the inlet 7 for admitting exhaust steam situated :1t-its lower extremity. Situated in the wall of the valve casing 5 are a number of ports 8 communicating with passages 9 and. 10 the latter admitting exhaustv steam which enters at Tand passes through the ports and passages, into 1 ply of exhaust the duct 11 in the 'turbine easing which supplies the intermediate stage nozzles 12.

13 is a valve of the piston type carried hy the valve rod 14 and having perforations 15 so as to permit of balancing the pressure on both sides. This valve controls the supsteam to the intermediate stage nozzles by covering and uncovering the ports 8.

The low pressure valve casing 5 supports a second or high pressure valve casing 16 substantially cylindrical and having an inlet, 17 admitting high pressure steam from the supply main. The body ofthis high pressure valve casing is provided with ports 18 connecting the valve cylinder with ducts 19 each of which communicates by means of one or more pipes 20 with an individual -inlet nozzle or set of nozzles Q1 of the tirst or high pressure stage ot' the turbine. Ports 18 are controlled by the piston valve Q2 secured to the valve rod 14 and moving in unison with valve 13. The lower portion of valve Q2 slides in a downwardly extending portion Q3 of the casing 16 and is separated from the upper part by the annular groove 94 which is filled with live steam at high pressure entering at.A 17 and passing through the passages 25 formed by the septa 26 in the upper part ot the piston. lVhen the piston movesiuiwardly until the annular groove or chamber. 24 is opposite the ports 1S live steam is admitted to the pipes 20 and tirst stage nozzles 21. The ports` 18 are so arranged one above the other that when one is fully uncovered the next one is ljust commencing to open. By thisl nrai'igenient uoz, zles or other [luid discharging devices are cut into and out of .service successively. The valves 13 and 22 are preferably arranged so that the high pressure ports are not uncovered. until the exhaust'inlet ports are fully uncovered.

The valve rod 14 passes through a stuffing box 27 in the bottom of the low pressure valve casing 5 and ycarries`the ram or piston .28 of' a hydraul'c motor 29 the cylinder of which may be convenient-ly bolted to the valve casing.

yThe valves may lo operated in any suitable manner, but I preferably employ a hy-` draulic motor which receives its supply ofl motive fluid from a suitable source and is i controlled by the relay valve responsive to variations of speed through the intermediary of the. turbine governor 31, the latter being connected to said valve by the stem 'The operation of the controlling valve is as follows: The valve 13 controls the speed of the turbine in the ordinary manner When there is a sufficient supplyoi" exhaust steam, but if the requisite quantity of lowpressure steam is not su plied to the'I intermediate stage, the speed alls whereupon the turbine governor actuates relay valve 30 to cause the motor 29 to lift the valves 13 and Q2 thus uncovering one or more of the high pressure steam inlet ports 18 and admitting high pressure steam to the first stage nozzles 21 whence the steam passes through the first stage wheel and then into the succeeding stages of the turbine and mixes Wit-h the exhaust steam admitted to the intermediate stage controlled by the exhaust steam inlet valve. The turbine now speeds up and should the speed be too high the governor causes the relay valve 30 to operate and the ram 28 to descend thereby 'operating the high pressure valve 2Q to reduce the supply to the Erst stage nozzles and the valve 13 to throttle the supply of exhaust steam to the intermediate stage. The nozzles 12 are shut oil from the other nozzles of the same stage,

(see dotted linesFig. lland also from receiving fluid from the first stage. The first and second stage nozzles located at the left of the shaft receive motive fluid,` if at all, from the high pressure source', Jwhile the third stage nozzles on the same side being in communication with the annular chamber 33 receive fluid either from the high or lovv pressure source or from both as the case may be.

The turbine structure just described forms the subject Inatter of a copending application which has resulted in Patent 875,111 of December 31, 1907. y

In Fig. t I have 'shown my invention as applied to a vertical shaft, turbine driven electric generator, although the invention is not toA be construed as being so limited. In this figure 31 indicates the speed governor which is driven by the main shaft 1 ol' the turbine. It is inclosed in a dome 35 that is mounted on top of the electric generator 36. This generator is supported on the turbine by a stool 37. Movements of the governor weights are transmitted to the governor lever 38. To the free end of the lever is adjustably attached a rod 39. The lower end of this rod is connected to a lever 40 which actuates the pilot. valve 3() to control the operation of the hydraulic motor which actuates the high and low pressure governing valves in, a manner heretofore described.

patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention'together with the apparatus Which I now consider to represent the bestV embodiment thereof; but I desire to yhave it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative, and that the invention can be carried out by other means. y

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,-

1. An elastic-Huid turbine arranged to receive and operate on motive fluid from two separate sources, in combination with governing valves that control the admission of fluid to the turbine from both sources of supply and a motor which is common to and actuates said valves.

2. In combination, a turbine having an inlet connected to a source of high pressure fluid, an inlet connected to a source ot' low pressure fluid, mechanically connected valves for regulating the flow through the inlets, and a speedgovernorconstituting the sole means for controlling the valves whereby the high pressure valve will be opened after the loW pressure valve to supply high pres sure steam to the turbine when the supply of low pressure steam is insufficient to drive the turbine at normal speed, the valves being closed in the reverse order.

3. An elastic-fluid turbine arranged to receive motive fluid from separate sources at high and lovvpressure, the said pressures being independently variable` in combination with valves controlling the admission of fluid from both of said sources, and fluid actuated means for operating the valves Which under conditions of increasing load fully opens the low pressure controlling valve and subsequently opens the high pressure controlling valve, and which closes the latter and then the former under decreasing load conditions.

4. A'n elastic-fluid turbine having an inlet for low pressure motive fluid, and a second inlet for high pressure Huid, in combination with' a valve casing having ports communicating with both inlets, valves in the casing `which control the ports, a motor for moving the valves, and a governor for the motor.

5. Anelastio-lluid turbine having an inlet for low ypressure motive Huid, and a second inlet for high pressure fluid, in combination with a valve casing having a port communi' cating with the low pressure inlet and thev turbine, ports communicating with the high pressure inlet and the turbine, a vvalve which controls the low pressure port by a throttling action, and a valve which cuts the high pressure ports into and out of service succcssively.

6. In a governor mechanism, the combination of a casing having ports leading there` from, an in let for the casing, a valve mount- In accordance with the revisions of the 1 ed in the casin for chan in the effective area of the discharge ports, a second casing havin ports leading therefrom land located in di ere'i'it planes so as to come intooperation successively, a valve' mounted in the second casing, a fluid-actuated motor for movin bot-h val-ves, and a pilot valve for contro ling the motor. f

7. A multi-*stage elastic fluid turbine comprising high pressure nozzles, bucket wheels, a casing common thereto, ports communicating with the said nozzles that receive high pressure fluid only, and other ports communicating with stage nozzles which receive low pressure fluid only, stage nozzles that receive high pressure Huid only, and stage nozzles that receive low pressure fluid only, in combination with means which supply the turbine with fluid from one source so long as it. satisfies the load and from both sources when the demand for fluid cannot be satisfied by one source, and an actuator that is common to the means.

8. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a plurality of bucket Wheels a casing therefor, partitions which divide the casing into Wheel compartments, individual high pressure nozzles, a plurality of conduits that supply high pressure motive fluid to said nozzles, a valve that cuts the conduits into and out of service successively, stage nozzles arranged in a group, a valve which governs the admission ofuid to said group by throttling, an operating means lconnecting 4the valves, a fluid actuated motor for movfluid first and then that controlling the high pressure, and a speed governor which controls the action of the motor.

l0. In a turbine, the combination of blading for a low pressure fluid, supplemental blading comprising a prior stage for an independent source of fluid at a higher pressure than that supplied the first mentioned blading, and means affected alone by changes in speed of the turbine for throwing the supl'iieinenlal blading in and o-ut of action.

ll. ln a turbine. the. combination of bladinar for i ma i vure fluid, supplen'iental bieding :ourprisingi a plier stage for an independent source of fluid at a higher pressure than that supplied to the first, mentioned binding, and a speed governor console :Loans4 for positively suppiemeiital binding in and mmbination of bladi i fluid, supplemental u prior stage for an 1ndependent source of fluid at a higher pressure than that supplied the `flrs't 'mentioned blading, and valv'esmounted relatively to each other so as when moved, to always simultaneouslyv move either toward closed or 4open position, for controlling and regulating the supply of high pressure `and low pressure motive fluid to said bladng.

13. In a turbine,'the combination of blading for a lowpressur'efluid, sup lemental bladin comprising a prior stage 0r an 'indepen ent source.- of 'fluidat a 'higher pressure than that supplied the first mentioned blading, and valves rigidly mounted relatively to each other for controlling4 and regulating the supplyof high pressure and low pressure motive fluid to said blading.

14. In a turbine, the combination of blading :for a low pressure fluid, supplemental blading comprising a prior stage for an inl dependent source of fluid at a higher -pressure than that supplied the first mentioned blading, and valves mounted on the same rod for controlling and re ulating the sup- -ply of high pressure and ovv pressure motive fluid to said blading.,`

1 5. A mixed pressure turbine havin valves for regulating the supplies of hig and low pressure steam to said turbine, and speed responsive 4mechanism constituting the'so-le means for controlling said valves whereby the high pressure valve Will be opened after the low .pressure valve tosupply high pressure steam when the low pressure supply is inadequate to meet the demands of the turbine.

1G. In combination, a turbine, high pressure and low pressure fluid conduits, valves for regulating the flow of'fluid between the turbine and said conduits, a rod or stem on which the valves are mounted, andmeans including a speed responsive device for moving the stem to open and close the valves in successive order.

17. 1n combination, a turbine, conduit for high pressure motive fluid and a conduit for louv pressure motive fluid, in combination with valve means for regulating the flow of high pressure fluid between the turbine and one conduit, valve means vfor regulating the flow of low pressure fluid between the tursources, a motor common toand actuatingthe valves, and speed responsivemechansm for controlling the motor in a manner to cause the valve or valves regulating the admission of fluid from a source at lower pressure to open to full flow capacity before opening they valve or valves regulaiting the admission of Huid from a source at higher 4pressure to supplement the low pressure sup- A ply, said mechanism closing. the valves inthe reverse order. Y

19. In a' mixed pressure turbine, the'combmation of a conduit Supplylng the turbine Ifor for opening said valves one after another `beglnnlng with a. 10W pressure valve and notor.

v In witness whereof I have hereunto= set my hand this 176th day of July, 19(4),7.

FREDERICK SAMUELSON.

" Witnesses: CHARLES FULLER,

J. A.v FOSTER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for tive cents each, by addressing' the Commissioner` of Patents.

' Washington, D. C.

closing them in`t-he reverse 4orclertande 15 speed responsive device for eontrolhng the i;

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