US8070858B2 - Filter bag for a vacuum cleaner and use thereof - Google Patents

Filter bag for a vacuum cleaner and use thereof Download PDF

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US8070858B2
US8070858B2 US12/096,994 US9699406A US8070858B2 US 8070858 B2 US8070858 B2 US 8070858B2 US 9699406 A US9699406 A US 9699406A US 8070858 B2 US8070858 B2 US 8070858B2
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filter bag
bag according
layer
fibre
layers
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US20090031683A1 (en
Inventor
Jan Schultink
Ralf Sauer
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Eurofilters NV
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Eurofilters NV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
    • A47L9/10—Filters; Dust separators; Dust removal; Automatic exchange of filters
    • A47L9/14—Bags or the like; Rigid filtering receptacles; Attachment of, or closures for, bags or receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • B01D39/163—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin sintered or bonded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/02—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
    • D04H1/4291—Olefin series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/555—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving by ultrasonic heating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/559—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving the fibres being within layered webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
    • B32B2310/028—Treatment by energy or chemical effects using vibration, e.g. sonic or ultrasonic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2317/00—Animal or vegetable based
    • B32B2317/12—Paper, e.g. cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2432/00—Cleaning articles, e.g. mops, wipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2509/00—Household appliances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S15/00—Brushing, scrubbing, and general cleaning
    • Y10S15/08—Dust bags and separators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/02—Vacuum cleaner bags

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a filter bag for a vacuum cleaner comprising at least three layers, at least two layers which comprise at least one nonwoven fabric layer and a nonwoven fibre layer are connected by a weld, a high bulk resulting due to the small number of welds per surface area.
  • the invention relates furthermore to the use of a filter bag of this type.
  • EP 1 362 627 A1 describes filter bags with a multilayer construction in which the fibre diameter distributions in the coarse dust filter layer and in the fine dust filter layer have gradients.
  • EP 1 254 693 A2 a vacuum cleaner bag is described in which a pre-filter layer made of a dry-laid, electrostatically effective nonwoven is present in front of a filter layer.
  • a filter medium made of a film fibre nonwoven is described in EP 1 197 252 A1, which comprises dry-laid, electrostatically charged split fibres which are connected to each other by ultrasonic welding.
  • the film fibre nonwoven can also be connected to further nonwoven fabric layers. It is disadvantageous with the filter medium of EP 1 197 252 A1 above all that the dust storage capacity of this material is inadequate for use as filter medium for vacuum cleaner bags.
  • the present invention relates to a filter.
  • the object of the present invention to indicate a filter bag, the filter material of which, in comparison with those described in the state of the art, has a particularly low bulk density in order to achieve a superior dust storage capacity.
  • the filter bag is intended in addition to have a construction in which the structure and hence the associated advantageous properties of the non-compacted fibre layer are retained as extensively as possible.
  • a filter bag for a vacuum cleaner with a filter material which bag is distinguished in particular in that it has a construction comprising at least three layers, at least two layers, which comprise at least one nonwoven fabric layer and at least one nonwoven fibre layer, are connected by welds, the operation in the case of the welds taking place with as few as possible welds relative to the total permeable surface area of the filter bag.
  • this is achieved in that, relative to the total permeable surface area of the filter bag, on average at most 19 welds per 10 cm 2 are present, preferably at most 10 welds and particularly preferred at most 5 welds.
  • the compressed surface area proportion of the weld pattern is thereby at most 5%, preferably at most 2% and particularly preferred at most 1% of the permeable surface area of the filter bag.
  • the filter bag has the additional feature that the average total porosity is at least 65%, preferably at least 80%, very particularly preferred at least 95%.
  • the average median of the pore diameter is at least 120 ⁇ m, further preferred at least 150 ⁇ m, further preferred at least 180 ⁇ m and very particularly preferred at least 200 ⁇ m.
  • the measuring method for determining the average total porosity or the average median of the pore diameter according to the present invention is described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 15 to 17 .
  • the thickness and hence bulk of the material is significantly increased with the same mass surface density.
  • the material has a high dust storage capacity.
  • the present invention is subject to no restrictions with the proviso that at most 19 welds per 10 cm 2 are present, relative to the permeable surface area of the filter bag.
  • the welds can thereby basically be distributed uniformly, i.e. at the same spacings, over the entire surface area, or else also be non-uniform.
  • the invention hence also comprises embodiments in which welds are present in a higher number only in specific regions and in which then larger free surface areas are produced which are then separated again by an increased number of welds from a next larger free surface area.
  • welds themselves can thereby be configured in different geometries. Thus punctiform, linear, star-shaped or even bar-shaped welds can be used. With respect to the precise configuration of the welds, in addition to the number of welds as limiting criterion, solely the compressed surface proportion of the weld pattern must also be taken into account which, as stated initially already, is at most 5%, preferably at most 2% and particularly preferred merely at most 1%.
  • the nonwoven fibre layer of the invention which is present in a composite with the nonwoven fabric layer, comprises all the staple fibres and/or filaments which are known per se in the state of the art.
  • staple fibres in the sense of the invention also split film fibres and crimped fibres, the staple fibres in the sense of the invention can thereby also preferably be electrostatically charged.
  • crimped fibres those have proved to be particularly favourable which have a spatial structure, such as e.g. a zig-zag, undulating and/or a spiral structure.
  • a spatial structure such as e.g. a zig-zag, undulating and/or a spiral structure.
  • the advantage of such fibres is that they can increase the bulk of the medium significantly more.
  • the crimped fibre can thereby be a mechanically crimped, an autocrimped fibre and/or a bicomponent crimped fibre.
  • Autocrimped fibres are described for example in the EP patent 0 854 943 and also in PCT/GB 00/02998.
  • Bicomponent crimped fibres are obtainable for example via Chisso Corporation in Japan and crimped polyester staple fibres of the spiral type at Gepeco in the USA.
  • staple fibres which are selected from natural fibres and/or chemical fibres can be used.
  • chemical fibres are in particular polyolefins and polyesters.
  • natural fibres are cellulose, wood fibres, kapok, flax.
  • the nonwoven fibre layer of the invention thereby comprises loosely-laid fibres or filaments.
  • the methods for laying are known from the state of the art for nonwoven fabrics.
  • the main process steps, raw material treatment ⁇ web formation ⁇ web compaction ⁇ nonwoven fabric finishing are thereby implemented.
  • the loose, still non-bonded fibrous web produced during nonwoven formation is thereby termed web (see Nonwoven fabrics, W. Albrecht, H. Fuchs, W. Kittelmann, Wiley-VCH, 2000).
  • the web-binding step the nonwoven fabric is produced from the fibrous web and has sufficient strength in order to be wound into rolls for example.
  • This last-mentioned step is hence not effected during the production of the nonwoven fibre layer according to the invention, instead, the nonwoven fibre is bonded to a nonwoven fabric layer.
  • the filter bag according to the invention with respect to the arrangement of the layers and the number of layers is subject so far to no restrictions with the proviso that respectively at least two layers comprise one nonwoven fabric layer and at least one nonwoven fibre layer, these two layers being connected to each other right through by a weld, preferably by an ultrasonic weld, as described above.
  • the nonwoven fabric layer of the above-described composite is thereby preferably a support or carrier layer and has a mass surface density of at least 5 g/m 2 .
  • a scrim is used conveniently as nonwoven fabric layer itself. There is understood thereby by scrim any air-permeable material which can serve as carrier- or reinforcing layer. It can be a nonwoven fabric, a woven material or netting.
  • the nonwoven fibre layer comprises a thermoplastic polymer in order to facilitate the weldability to the nonwoven fibre layer.
  • scrims are spun-bonded fabrics. However, they can also be dry or wet-laid nonwovens which have sufficient mechanical stability.
  • the mass surface density of a nonwoven fabric layer of this type is, according to the present invention, preferably between 10 and 200 g/m 2 , particularly preferred between 20 to 100 g/m 2 .
  • the mass surface density in g/m 2 was thereby determined according to DIN EN 29073-1. It should be mentioned with respect to the mass surface density of the nonwoven fibre layer that this was determined indirectly via the composite comprising nonwoven fabric layer and nonwoven fibre layer since the determination of the mass surface density of the nonwoven fibre layer alone is not possible because of its loose structure.
  • the determination was therefore effected by a subtraction method, i.e. the mass surface density of the total composite, i.e. of the composite comprising nonwoven fabric layer and nonwoven fibre layer, was determined and then the mass surface density of the nonwoven fabric layer, which can be determined separately, is subtracted again.
  • a subtraction method i.e. the mass surface density of the total composite, i.e. of the composite comprising nonwoven fabric layer and nonwoven fibre layer
  • the thickness of the above-described composite comprising nonwoven fabric layer and nonwoven fibre layer is between 1 and 7 mm, preferably between 2 and 4 mm. Determination of the thickness was thereby effected according to EDANA 30.5-99 pt. 4.2. A VDM 01 was thereby used as appliance, obtainable at Karl Schröder KG in Weinheim. Since the measurements according to methods 4.1, 4.2 or 4.3 led to very different results, the measurements of the composites according to the invention, i.e. composites, were implemented in principle according to method 4.2.
  • the filter bag according to the invention can of course, as described above, have further layers apart from the composite comprising nonwoven fabric layer and nonwoven fibre layer.
  • a filter bag according to the invention can be constructed for example from three layers, the nonwoven fibre layer here then being enclosed between two nonwoven fabric layers in the manner of a sandwich, which then act as a support or carrier layer.
  • the filter bag according to the invention can have in addition, according to requirements, also further fine filter layers with different filter properties.
  • Fine filter spun-bonded layers are hereby used as fine filter layers.
  • Fine filter spun-bonded layers in the sense of the invention are corresponding layers which are suitable for separating fine particles.
  • Conventional fine fibre spun-bonded fabrics are produced according to the spun-bonded melt-blowing process, the spun-bonding flash spinning process or electrostatic spun-bonding.
  • fine filter layers can however also comprise dry-laid nonwoven fabrics comprising electrostatically charged fibres.
  • the filter bag according to the invention is thereby preferably connected together by a continuous ultrasonic weld through all the layers, i.e. through the nonwoven fabric layer and the nonwoven fibre layer and also the further layers.
  • the filter bag according to the invention comprises however also embodiments in which merely welds of the nonwoven fabric layer with the nonwoven fibre layer are present and the further layers are connected either by gluing or by a further connection process with the composite comprising nonwoven fabric layer and nonwoven fibre layer.
  • the invention also comprises embodiments, for example in the form of a three-layer structure, the further layer then being situated merely loosely on the composite on the nonwoven fibre layer and the nonwoven fabric layer, and an edge-side connection alone being implemented.
  • the filter bag according to the invention is suitable in particular as dust filter bag.
  • FIGS. 1 to 9 show schematically in sections how the filter material of the filter bag according to the invention can be constructed.
  • FIGS. 10 - 12 show tables including measuring results achieved by means of the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 , 3 and 4 .
  • FIGS. 13 a and 13 b shows a 3D graphic of how a number of weld points has an effect on the structure of the material.
  • FIG. 14 shows a graph including measuring results indicating an increase in dust storage capacity relative to the filter media which are described in the state of the art.
  • FIG. 15 shows schematically the measuring principle for determining the average total porosity and the median of the pore diameter.
  • FIG. 16 shows a device which is used in the determination of the average total porosity and the median of the pore diameter.
  • FIG. 17 shows a table reproducing the measuring values with respect to the average total porosity and the median of the pore diameter.
  • FIG. 1 thereby shows a two-layer construction comprising a layer 1 in the form of a nonwoven fabric layer which is a scrim in FIG. 1 .
  • This scrim layer 1 is connected to a nonwoven fibre layer 2 by ultrasonic welds.
  • the further layer required according to the invention is not illustrated.
  • the structure of the construction of the embodiment represented in FIG. 2 essentially corresponds to that of FIG. 1 but with an additional layer of a fine filter medium 3 which here represents the third layer.
  • the preferred inflow side is characterised by arrows.
  • the fine filter layer 3 thereby comprises for example a melt-blown nonwoven fabric.
  • FIG. 3 shows in turn a further example, starting from FIG. 2 , with an additional protective layer 4 which is disposed here on the outflow side.
  • This protective layer 4 can be a scrim, preferably a spun-bonded fabric.
  • the embodiment which is shown in FIG. 4 is connected from a layer of a nonwoven fabric 1 to a nonwoven fibre layer 2 which is fixed thereon by means of welding as described above, in addition here also a layer of a protective nonwoven fabric 4 being connected in front on the inflow side.
  • the nonwoven fabric 1 is hereby in particular a melt-blown nonwoven fabric.
  • FIG. 5 differs from FIG. 4 by an additional microfibre nonwoven layer 3 which is disposed on the outflow side.
  • FIG. 6 The example of the structure according to the invention which is shown in FIG. 6 starts from the construction according to FIG. 5 but then has an additional protective layer 4 here on the outflow side.
  • FIG. 7 now shows a laminate comprising 2 layers of nonwoven fabric 1 which are connected to each other by ultrasonic weld points and between which the nonwoven fibre layer 2 is situated.
  • FIG. 8 describes an embodiment of the structure according to the invention which starts from FIG. 7 but here now with a layer of a filter medium 3 which is disposed on the outflow side.
  • FIG. 9 shows a structure which starts from FIG. 8 , with an additional layer 4 on the outflow side.
  • the respective constructions are merely described schematically according to the layer sequence.
  • the above-described constructions are then preferably connected to each other by ultrasonic welds.
  • FIGS. 10-12 show tables including measuring results achieved by means of the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 , 3 and 4 .
  • FIGS. 13 a and 13 b shows a 3D graphic of how a number of weld points has an effect on the structure of the material.
  • FIG. 14 shows a graph including measuring results indicating an increase in dust storage capacity relative to the filter media which are described in the state of the art.
  • FIG. 15 shows schematically the measuring principle for determining the average total porosity and the median of the pore diameter.
  • FIG. 16 shows a device which is used in the determination of the average total porosity and the median of the pore diameter.
  • FIG. 17 shows a table reproducing the measuring values with respect to the average total porosity and the median of the pore diameter.
  • FIG. 13 a now shows in the form of a 3D graphic, how the low number of weld points has an effect on the structure of the material.
  • a material is thereby shown as corresponds to the construction according to FIG. 7 , i.e. it is a material which comprises a nonwoven fibre layer which is connected by ultrasonic welds between two layers of spun-bonded fabric.
  • FIG. 13 a clearly shows the cushion-like configuration which leads to the high bulk as previously described.
  • 100% split fibres made of polypropylene were thereby used as nonwoven fibre layer.
  • the spun-bonded fabric likewise comprises polypropylene.
  • the construction of the filter medium represented in FIG. 13 b corresponds analogously to that already described in FIG. 13 a but with the difference that here 2.5 weld points per cm 2 are present. This makes it clear that, as a result of the configuration according to the invention in the form of a low number of welds, a significant advantage is achieved with respect to the bulk of the material.
  • Vacuum cleaner used Miele performance 2300 Type: HS 05 Model: S749 No.: 71683038 Performance setting: Maximum Size of filter bags: 295 mm ⁇ 270 mm
  • Test dust DMT Type 8 Test Procedure: the dust bag to be tested, after the appliance has been warmed-up for 10 minutes, is installed in the appliance. The volume flow without dust loading is read after 1 min. running time of the appliance. Subsequently, the first dust portion of 50 g is suctioned in within 30 seconds. After 1 min., the resulting volume flow (in m 3 /h) is read off. This step is correspondingly repeated for the following dust additions until 400 g dust have been added.
  • Filter Medium Spun-bonded fabric 17 g/m 2 , nonwoven fibre 50 g/m 2 Spun-bonded fabric 17 g/m 2 Welding Pattern: 1. 2.5 points/cm 2 , uniformly distributed 2. 0.2 points/cm 2 , uniformly distributed
  • Thickness EDANA 30.5-99 pt. 4.2
  • mass surface density DIN EN 29073-1
  • Thickness (EDANA 30.5-99 pt. 4.2)
  • FIG. 15 the measuring principle for determining the average total porosity and the median of the pore diameter is illustrated schematically.
  • FIG. 16 shows a device which is used in the determination of the average total porosity and of the median of the pore diameter.
  • Table 9 reproduces the measuring values with respect to the average total porosity and the median of the pore diameter.
  • the measuring values were thereby determined according to the method indicated below.
  • the pores of a sample are spontaneously filled with wetting liquid 20 .
  • the wetting liquid 20 can thereby be removed from the pores by increasing the differential pressure 22 of an inert gas 18 on the sample 12 . It was shown that the required differential pressure 22 for displacing the wetting liquid 20 from a pore is determined by the size of the pore (Akshaya Jena, Krishna Gupta, “Characterization of Pore Structure of Filtration Media”, Fluid Particle Separation Journal, 2002, 4 (3) pp. 227-241).
  • the application of a pressure 23 on the sample 12 leads to displacement 23 of the liquid from the pores of the sample 12 and to an outflow 24 of the liquid 20 through the membrane 25 .
  • the largest pore of the membrane 25 is smaller than the smallest pore of interest in the sample 12 , the liquid 20 is in fact displaced from the pores of interest in the sample 12 and flow out of the membrane 25 but the pressure 22 will not suffice to remove the liquid 20 completely from the pores of the membrane 25 , the gas will not be able to flow out through the liquid-filled pores of the membrane 25 .
  • the diameter or the volume of the pores can be determined via the differential pressure 22 and the volume of the liquid 20 which has flowed out (A. Jena and K. Gupta, “A Novel Technique for Pore Structure Characterization without the Use of Any Toxic Material”, Nondestructive Characterization of Materials XI, Eds.: Robert E. Green, Jr., B. Boro Djordjevic, Manfred P. Hentschel, Springer-Press, 2002, pp. 813-821).
  • the methodology of liquid extrusion underlies the PMI liquid-extrusion porosimeter 5 ( FIG. 16 ).
  • the sample chamber 6 of the porosimeter 5 thereby comprises a cylindrical PVC container, the diameter of which is 45 mm and the depth of which is 45 mm.
  • a relatively wide-mesh, open net 7 manufactured from stainless steel wire is situated on a strip at the base of the sample chamber 6 .
  • the sample chamber 6 is connected via a flexible hose 8 which is a few mm in diameter to the underside of a cylindrical acrylic vessel 9 , the diameter of which is 40 mm and the depth of which is 40 mm.
  • the vessel 9 and also its cover 10 are thereby placed on scales 11 (Producer: Mettler, weight resolution 0.0001 g).
  • a cylindrical insert 13 (40 mm diameter, 40 mm height) is placed on the sample 12 within the sample chamber 6 .
  • the upper side of the insert 13 thereby has a notch for an O-ring 14 .
  • a pneumatically driven device 15 which has a piston 16 guided in a cylinder, is mounted on the sample chamber 6 .
  • the piston 16 is hollow in order to ensure a throughflow of the test gas 18 into the sample chamber 6 .
  • a flat disc 17 made of stainless steel, which is welded to the underside of the piston 16 presses the insert 13 against the O-ring 14 on the upper side of the insert 13 and thus prevents escape of test gas 18 .
  • Control of the piston 16 is effected pneumatically. The result thereby is a separate supply of the test gas 18 and of the gas 19 for operating the piston 16 .
  • Galwick was used as wetting liquid, a perfluorinated polymer (oxidised and polymerised 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropene).
  • the liquid is inert, the surface tension is 16 dynes/cm. Because of the very low surface tension of the test liquid, the contact angle is almost 0° (Vibhor Guptor and A. K. Jena, “Substitution of Alcohol in Porometers for Bubble Point Determination”, Advances in Filtration and Separation Technology, American Filtration and Separation Society, 1999, 13b, pp. 833-844).
  • Dry and purified compressed air was used in all tests. In order to remove solid particles, the air was filtered, the moisture was removed by means of the standard drying methods known to the person skilled in the art from the state of the art.
  • test implementation data acquisition and also the data reduction were implemented fully automated by the use of a computer and suitable software.
  • the implementation of the test procedure after loading the sample chamber 6 with a sample 12 was effected automatically so that accurate and reproducible results could be obtained.
  • the measuring device 5 recorded the increase in weight of the wetting liquid 20 which was displaced from the sample 12 via the scales 11 and recalculated the weight of the liquid 20 via the density into the corresponding volume. This result represents the cumulative pore volume.
  • the pore diameter was calculated from the gas pressure of the test gas 18 which was determined by the measuring device 5 and which was used to displace the wetting liquid 20 from the pores of the sample 12 .
  • the median of the pore diameter could also be calculated.
  • the median of the pore diameter is defined such that 50% of the total pore volume originates from pores which are larger than the average pore and 50% of the total pore volume originates from pores which are smaller than the average pore.
  • the arithmetical mean of a plurality of measurements of the samples which were used is reproduced in Table 9 ( FIG. 17 ).
  • the filter material of the bag according to the invention has an extremely high average total porosity of up to 96.8%. With an increasing number of welds, the total porosity then drops to a value of 67.4%.
  • the average median of the pore diameter is reduced from 201.8 ⁇ m to 129.1 ⁇ m.
  • the filter bags according to the invention have an extremely high porosity which ultimately leads to an above-average dust storage capacity.
  • the pore diameter and the pore volume of a sample is calculated from the measured gas pressure which is required to displace the wetting liquid from the pores, and also from the measured volume of displaced liquid from the pores.
  • the pores in the nonwoven fabric layers (spun-bonded layers) of the sample which are applied at the top and bottom are much smaller than the pores of the nonwoven fibre layer in the central layer. It is evident from equation 1 that the gas pressure which is required to displace a liquid from the layers applied at the top and bottom must be much higher than that required for the nonwoven fibre layer.
  • the test procedure which was used during this examination also includes application of a plurality of cuts on the top layer. Large openings were made in the top layer by means of the cuts so that the test gas could pass to the small pores of the top layer. No measurement of the diameter and of the volume of the small pores in the top layer was thereby effected. Hence displacement of the liquid from the central layer was effected at low pressures which correlate to the large pores in the nonwoven fibre layer.
  • the spun-bonded layer applied as an under-layer did not influence the test since the liquid which was displaced from the pores of the nonwoven fibre layer via gas pressure, simply flowed through the lower spun-bonded layer and the gas pressure was hence not suitable for displacing liquid from the under-layer. Hence the diameter and the volume of the pores in the nonwoven fibre layer were determined with this test.
US12/096,994 2005-12-12 2006-12-08 Filter bag for a vacuum cleaner and use thereof Active 2028-10-11 US8070858B2 (en)

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DE102005059214.7 2005-12-12
DE102005059214A DE102005059214B4 (de) 2005-12-12 2005-12-12 Filterbeutel für einen Staubsauger
DE102005059214 2005-12-12
EP06018324.1 2006-09-01
EP06018324A EP1795247B1 (de) 2005-12-12 2006-09-01 Filterbeutel für einen Staubsauger sowie dessen Verwendung
EP06018324 2006-09-01
PCT/EP2006/011842 WO2007068408A1 (de) 2005-12-12 2006-12-08 Filterbeutel für einen staubsauger sowie dessen verwendung

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AU2006326368B2 (en) 2011-01-20
AU2006326316B2 (en) 2011-07-14
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DE102005059214A1 (de) 2007-06-28
NO20083107L (no) 2008-09-10
CN101330959B (zh) 2013-03-27
EP1960083B1 (de) 2016-09-21
ATE501775T1 (de) 2011-04-15
RU2429047C2 (ru) 2011-09-20
AU2006326368A1 (en) 2007-06-21
EP1960084B1 (de) 2011-03-16
EP1960084A1 (de) 2008-08-27
EP1795247A1 (de) 2007-06-13
ES2337385T3 (es) 2010-04-23
CN101330959A (zh) 2008-12-24
WO2007068444A1 (de) 2007-06-21
WO2007068408A1 (de) 2007-06-21
US20090211211A1 (en) 2009-08-27
EP1960083A1 (de) 2008-08-27
RU2008124143A (ru) 2010-01-20
ATE450305T1 (de) 2009-12-15
DE502006005502D1 (de) 2010-01-14
DE502006009126D1 (de) 2011-04-28
NO341603B1 (no) 2017-12-11
AU2006326316A1 (en) 2007-06-21
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ES2604587T3 (es) 2017-03-07
US20090031683A1 (en) 2009-02-05

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