US7901189B2 - Wind-turbine blade and method for reducing noise in wind turbine - Google Patents

Wind-turbine blade and method for reducing noise in wind turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
US7901189B2
US7901189B2 US11/798,377 US79837707A US7901189B2 US 7901189 B2 US7901189 B2 US 7901189B2 US 79837707 A US79837707 A US 79837707A US 7901189 B2 US7901189 B2 US 7901189B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
cellular material
blade
wind turbine
noise
cellular
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Expired - Fee Related, expires
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US11/798,377
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US20080286110A1 (en
Inventor
Anurag Gupta
Thierry Maeder
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Priority to US11/798,377 priority Critical patent/US7901189B2/en
Assigned to GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY reassignment GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GUPTA, ANURAG, MAEDER, THIERRY
Priority to DK200800612A priority patent/DK178340B1/da
Priority to DE102008002849A priority patent/DE102008002849A1/de
Priority to CN2008100971306A priority patent/CN101307745B/zh
Publication of US20080286110A1 publication Critical patent/US20080286110A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/307—Blade tip, e.g. winglets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/40—Organic materials
    • F05B2280/4003—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S416/00—Fluid reaction surfaces, i.e. impellers
    • Y10S416/50—Vibration damping features

Definitions

  • the present invention defines a concept wherein materials technology is used as a means of noise reduction, targeting blade self-noise and tip-noise, the two primary components of wind turbine aerodynamic noise.
  • aerodynamic shaping has been the primary means of achieving lower noise levels, e.g., the use of large chord, higher solidity blades, low-noise airfoil design, plan-form and tip/winglets geometry.
  • Noise reduction concepts that use add-ons like trailing edge serrations, sharp trailing edge inserts and the like have also been investigated and, in some cases put into production.
  • the invention proposes to incorporate cellular material in wind-turbine blades to reduce noise, via noise source reduction and/or noise attenuation and absorption.
  • the invention may be embodied in a wind turbine blade having a pressure side and a suction side, a leading edge, a trailing edge and a tip region, at least a portion of said blade being formed from a cellular material, said cellular material portion defining a portion of an exposed surface of said blade, whereby aerodynamic noise is reduced via noise source reduction and/or noise attenuation and absorption by the cellular material.
  • the invention may also be embodied in a method of reducing noise in a wind turbine via at least one of noise source reduction and noise attenuation and absorption by a wind turbine blade, the method comprising: providing a wind turbine blade for the wind turbine, said blade having a pressure side and a suction side, a leading edge, a trailing edge and a tip region; wherein at least a portion of said blade is formed from a cellular material and wherein said cellular material portion defines a portion of an exposed surface of the blade.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view (airfoil) of a wind-turbine blade wherein the full airfoil section comprises cellular material, according to an example embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view (airfoil) of a wind-turbine blade wherein a partial airfoil section comprises cellular material, according to another example embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view (airfoil) of a wind-turbine blade wherein a trailing-edge airfoil section comprises cellular material, according to another example embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an alternate example detail of the trailing-edge airfoil section of FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another alternate example detail of the trailing-edge airfoil section of FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing yet another alternate example detail of the trailing-edge airfoil section of FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of a wind-turbine blade having a blade outboard section made with cellular material according to a further example embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of the wind-turbine blade outboard section of FIG. 7 ;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic front view of another wind-turbine blade having a blade outboard section comprising cellular material
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of a wind-turbine blade having a blade tip region with tip and part of the trailing edge made of cellular material according to yet a further example embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view of a wind-turbine blade with metallic foam outboard section or tip region used as part of a blade lightning protection system, according to an example embodiment of the invention.
  • the invention proposes to incorporate cellular material in wind-turbine blades to reduce noise, via noise source reduction and/or noise attenuation and absorption.
  • the use of cellular materials as proposed in example embodiments of the invention impacts the boundary layer flow on the blade and the related turbulence activity.
  • the turbulence noise sources can be modified to yield lower noise or shift the spectra to frequencies that are more amenable to attenuation.
  • the structure can be made entirely of cellular materials, whose characteristics would be tailored to reduce the size and strength of the tip vortex that forms the primary source of tip noise.
  • cellular materials act similarly to porous surface treatments that have been shown to reduce aerodynamic noise sources in other applications.
  • the cellular material itself can serve the purpose of attenuating and absorbing the noise being generated or transmitted in the turbulent boundary layer.
  • Metallic or polymeric (or other type, e.g. Carbon) foam characteristics like porosity and depth can be varied so that the structure of the blade itself becomes an acoustic liner and does not need any special inserts to absorb aerodynamic noise.
  • Open-cell material is preferred in the tip region to allow for a suitable pressure balance between pressure and suctions sides.
  • an appropriate mix of open and closed-cell material is proposed, in an example embodiment, to attain the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics described above.
  • cellular materials that can provide structural integrity in the wind turbine blade applications are used in targeted sections with their surface characteristics tailored to provide aero acoustic advantages. Both noise source reduction and acoustic attenuation mechanisms are exploited to create low-noise wind turbine blades that will enable higher tip-speeds for wind turbines, and hence better efficiency and yield.
  • aerodynamic shapes are created out of cellular materials to make the aerodynamic structure itself a noise reduction method rather than requiring the use of additional devices, inserts or liners on a base blade structure.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a wind turbine blade 10 according to an example embodiment of the invention.
  • the full airfoil section comprises a cellular material 12 so that the entire surface of the wind turbine blade has characteristics, according to the cellular material provided, tailored to provide aero acoustic advantages.
  • the turbulence noise sources can be modified to yield lower noise or shift the spectra to frequencies that are more amenable to attenuation.
  • the cellular material itself serves the purpose of attenuating and absorbing the noise generated or transmitted in the turbulent boundary layer.
  • a partial airfoil section 14 comprises cellular material 16 .
  • an aft portion for example, a trailing edge airfoil section 18 comprises cellular material 20 .
  • FIGS. 1 , 2 and 3 schematically illustrate cellular material integrated as a structural component; as a full airfoil section, especially near the tip.
  • the cellular material can be provided only on the surface, with an appropriate thickness or as a combination of a structural component and a surface component where the structural part tapers into a surface part.
  • the foam material is attached to the remainder of the structure using any conventional fastening technique such as, for example, glue or connection with a mechanical component such as a screw. Other bonding techniques are known and could be used instead without departing from this invention.
  • FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an example trailing edge section 22 .
  • complimentary coupling components in the form of a rib 24 and groove 26 are provided in or on the trailing edge section 22 (formed from cellular material in this example), and the trailing edge 28 of the balance of the blade 30 to facilitate alignment and coupling.
  • the trailing edge section may be provided as comprising substantially homogeneous cellular material 20 , as illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • functional grading is provided in the aft portion, with different cellular foams 34 , 36 , 38 for chordwise control of material properties.
  • the cellular materials may be of different porosity or may have open cells or closed cells, as deemed necessary or appropriate.
  • the cellular material may be varied in the spanwise direction.
  • the cellular foam 40 can have a plenum 42 defined therein or is connected to a pressurized plenum 42 internal to the structure that actively controls the blade's transpiration and hence its acoustic attenuation.
  • air can flow into or out of the plenum 42 by blowing or suction from the main body of the blade as at 44 while transpiration occurs from the plenum to the outer surface of the blade as illustrated by arrows 46 .
  • the provision of cellular material through which transpiration can occur provides an important flow control capability that can be used not just for noise reduction by modifying the boundary layers that give rise to blade self noise but also aerodynamic performance improvement (reduction of drag, delay of stall, improvement in lift).
  • FIGS. 7 , 8 and 9 are plan and front views of blade outboard sections 48 , 52 with, e.g., the tip regions made of cellular material 50 , 54 , 56 .
  • a winglet 58 is illustrated with two cellular material segments 54 , 56 having different characteristics, for example different porosity, density or open cells versus closed cells, for example, for control of material properties.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates yet a further example embodiment where the blade tip region 60 of the outboard section includes a tip formed of cellular material 62 and a part of the trailing edge 64 is made of cellular material 66 .
  • the extent of the region formed from cellular material and whether it is provided as a surface layer or to define the structural component in its entirety can be varied to exploit the noise attenuation and dampening characteristics thereof.
  • aerodynamic shapes are formed entirely of cellular material, either metallic, polymeric or other and incorporated on wind turbine components, in particular blades.
  • the cellular material can be used in either part of the wind turbine blade or to comprise the entire blade, part of the airfoil section or an entire airfoil section.
  • blade tip sections made with cellular materials are provided and designed in shape and structure to act like winglets to reduce tip noise by altering tip vortex creation and evolution. It is to be appreciated that using a metallic foam 68 lends it itself to integration with (being operatively coupled to) a lightening-protection system 70 incorporated in the blade, as schematically illustrated in FIG. 11 .
  • a method of creating low-noise wind turbine blades wherein metallic and/or polymeric (or other) cellular material(s), also referred to herein as foam(s), that are capable of bearing directional loads are used in the construction of wind turbine blade parts or entire sections.
  • the use of such materials in aerodynamic structures is tailored to influence the air flow over them in such a way that a) the boundary-layer turbulence is damped or altered in a controlled way, in order to weaken the noise scattering mechanism at the trailing-edge and b) the scattered acoustic waves are absorbed and attenuated by the materials, acting themselves as acoustic liners.
  • regions with sharp pressure gradients that give rise to leakage flows e.g., like a blade tip, the pressure differential between the pressure and suction sides is reduced, resulting in weaker tip-vortex and hence lower tip noise.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
US11/798,377 2007-05-14 2007-05-14 Wind-turbine blade and method for reducing noise in wind turbine Expired - Fee Related US7901189B2 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/798,377 US7901189B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2007-05-14 Wind-turbine blade and method for reducing noise in wind turbine
DK200800612A DK178340B1 (da) 2007-05-14 2008-04-30 Vindmøllevinge og fremgangsmåde til at reducere støj fra vindmøller
DE102008002849A DE102008002849A1 (de) 2007-05-14 2008-05-08 Rotorflügel und Verfahren zum Reduzieren des Geräusches von Windkraftanlagen
CN2008100971306A CN101307745B (zh) 2007-05-14 2008-05-14 风轮叶片和用于减小风轮中噪音的方法

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US11/798,377 US7901189B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2007-05-14 Wind-turbine blade and method for reducing noise in wind turbine

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US7901189B2 true US7901189B2 (en) 2011-03-08

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US9435320B2 (en) 2012-11-19 2016-09-06 Elwha Llc Mitigating wind turbine blade noise generation in view of a minimum power generation requirement
US20170138340A1 (en) * 2014-06-18 2017-05-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotor blade with noise reduction means
US9759196B2 (en) 2012-11-19 2017-09-12 Elwha Llc Mitigating wind turbine blade noise generation in response to an atmospheric variation
US20180045176A1 (en) * 2015-02-25 2018-02-15 Ryan Church Structure adapted to traverse a fluid environment and method of retrofitting structure adapted to traverse a fluid environment
US10240576B2 (en) 2015-11-25 2019-03-26 General Electric Company Wind turbine noise reduction with acoustically absorbent serrations
US10400744B2 (en) 2016-04-28 2019-09-03 General Electric Company Wind turbine blade with noise reducing micro boundary layer energizers
US10746157B2 (en) 2018-08-31 2020-08-18 General Electric Company Noise reducer for a wind turbine rotor blade having a cambered serration
US10767623B2 (en) 2018-04-13 2020-09-08 General Electric Company Serrated noise reducer for a wind turbine rotor blade
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CN101307745A (zh) 2008-11-19
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US20080286110A1 (en) 2008-11-20
DK178340B1 (da) 2015-12-21

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