US774491A - Enameling metal. - Google Patents

Enameling metal. Download PDF

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Publication number
US774491A
US774491A US18533603A US1903185336A US774491A US 774491 A US774491 A US 774491A US 18533603 A US18533603 A US 18533603A US 1903185336 A US1903185336 A US 1903185336A US 774491 A US774491 A US 774491A
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Prior art keywords
metal
enamel
incisions
undercuts
cavities
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US18533603A
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Charles F Pfalzgraf
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D06N7/0005Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous substrate being coated with at least one layer of a polymer on the top surface
    • D06N7/0028Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous substrate being coated with at least one layer of a polymer on the top surface characterised by colour effects, e.g. craquelé, reducing gloss
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24612Composite web or sheet
    • Y10T428/2462Composite web or sheet with partial filling of valleys on outer surface
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24917Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including metal layer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24926Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including ceramic, glass, porcelain or quartz layer

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a new and useful article of enameled sheet metal and to a method of producing the article.
  • One object of this invention is to prepare the surface of sheet metal either in the form of sheets or in the form of ware, vessels, or other articles of utility to receive a coating of enamel, which is then to be subjected to heat.
  • this preparation of the metal practically the entire surface is provided with minute cavities or crevices having undercuts.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide sheet metal either in the form of sheets or in the form of ware, vessels, or other articles of utility with a coating of enamel, the enamel covering the metal surface, which has previously been provided with minute cavities and crevices, which will have undercuts, all of said cavities and crevices being arranged to produce a predetermined design, such as figures, outlines, or ornamentations, which may be seen through the enamel coat.
  • the sheet metal may be subjected to the necessary operations to produce the cavities or crevices with undercuts either before the stamping operation for giving form to the article or after the article has been shaped.
  • the enamel employed may be smelted, ground, applied to and burned on the metal articles by any of the methods now employed. Any of the enamel compounds now or formerly made can be utilized and a much improved article produced by fusing to the metal base after the latter has been prepared as herein described. I may use either opaque or transparent enamels; but by omitting from the enamel formula opacity-producing ingredients I get a comparatively transparent or stained enamel, through which when burned the design will be visible and appear ornamental and decorative.
  • Figure l illustrates a piece of a plate of sheet metal having on its surface etchings and incisions and forming a predetermined design.
  • Fig. 2 shows an enlarged sectional view through an incision in a plate.
  • Fig. 3 shows a similar view after the metal at the edge of the incision has been compressed to form the undercut.
  • Fig. 4 shows a vessel with an etched design and enameled. p The rough line incision and subsequent compression of the upraised or rough edges along the lines of incision form cavities or undercuts which bind the enamel coating after it is fused to the metal base with a tenacity yet unequaled.
  • the operation of compressing or upsetting after making the line-incisions may sometimes be omitted, as in some articles the stamping operation has a tendency to compress or upset and divert the rough metal along the incised lines sufiiciently to produce minute cavities and undercuts.
  • An enameled article having a metal base provided with incisions extending partly through said metal and having the edges of the metal at said incisions projecting partly over the incisions, and a vitreous enamel coating the entire surface of said article and filling said incisions.
  • the method of preparing sheet metal for a coating of enamel consisting of first preparing the surface of the sheet metal by forming thereon incisions having upraised particles of metal along the lines of the incisions; and then upsetting or compressing the said upraised particles sufiicient to cause them to overlap the minute grooves of the incisions and create 3 undercuts.
  • the method of enameling sheet metal consisting of first preparing the surface of the sheet metal by forming thereon incisions having upraised particles of metal along the lines of the incisions; then upsetting or compressing the said upraised particles suflicient to cause them to overlap the minute grooves of the incisions and create undercuts; then coating the entire surface of the metal with enamel and filling the incisions and undercuts with enamel, and then fusing the enamel.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Description

No. 774,491 PATENTED NOV. 8, 1904.
G. P. PFALZGRAF.
ENAMELING METAL.
APPLICATION FILED DEG. 16, 1903.
Patented November 8, 1904.
UNTTED STATES PATENT TTTcn.
CHARLES F. PFALZGRAF, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.
ENAMELING METAL.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 774,491, dated November 8, 1904:.
Application filed December 16, 1903. Serial No. 185,336. N0 model-l To (all whom, it may concern:
Be it known that I, CHARLES F. PFALZGRAF, a citizen of the United States, residing at Baltimore. in the State of Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Enameling Metal, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to a new and useful article of enameled sheet metal and to a method of producing the article.
One object of this invention is to prepare the surface of sheet metal either in the form of sheets or in the form of ware, vessels, or other articles of utility to receive a coating of enamel, which is then to be subjected to heat. In this preparation of the metal practically the entire surface is provided with minute cavities or crevices having undercuts.
Another object of this invention is to provide sheet metal either in the form of sheets or in the form of ware, vessels, or other articles of utility with a coating of enamel, the enamel covering the metal surface, which has previously been provided with minute cavities and crevices, which will have undercuts, all of said cavities and crevices being arranged to produce a predetermined design, such as figures, outlines, or ornamentations, which may be seen through the enamel coat.
In carrying out the inventive idea here involved the sheet metal may be subjected to the necessary operations to produce the cavities or crevices with undercuts either before the stamping operation for giving form to the article or after the article has been shaped. I prefer to employ mechanical means to produce the cavities or crevices with undercuts and to do this while the metal is in the sheet that is, prior to being shaped or stampedas the metal sheets may while either hot or cold be run through suitable rolls in order that the upraised particles of metal along the lines of the incision will be upset or compressed sufliciently to cause said particles to partly overlap the grooves of the said incised lines, and thereby produce undercuts or cavities. For some purposes it may be desirable to do the work of providing the undercuts or cavities after the sheets have been pickled and cleaned preparatory to enameling. There is no limit to any specific depth or angle of cut for the lines of etching or incising to produce the desired undercuts or cavities; but I prefer to have these cuts as deep as will enamel smoothly by the application of one coat. I
The enamel employed may be smelted, ground, applied to and burned on the metal articles by any of the methods now employed. Any of the enamel compounds now or formerly made can be utilized and a much improved article produced by fusing to the metal base after the latter has been prepared as herein described. I may use either opaque or transparent enamels; but by omitting from the enamel formula opacity-producing ingredients I get a comparatively transparent or stained enamel, through which when burned the design will be visible and appear ornamental and decorative.
By etching or incising mechanically-that is, by the use of gravers, rolls, &c.it is possible to produce cheaply exact duplicates of any predetermined designs.
Referring to the drawings, Figure l illustrates a piece of a plate of sheet metal having on its surface etchings and incisions and forming a predetermined design. Fig. 2 shows an enlarged sectional view through an incision in a plate. Fig. 3 shows a similar view after the metal at the edge of the incision has been compressed to form the undercut. Fig. 4 shows a vessel with an etched design and enameled. p The rough line incision and subsequent compression of the upraised or rough edges along the lines of incision form cavities or undercuts which bind the enamel coating after it is fused to the metal base with a tenacity yet unequaled.
If the metal sheets are to be used for stamping, the operation of compressing or upsetting after making the line-incisions may sometimes be omitted, as in some articles the stamping operation has a tendency to compress or upset and divert the rough metal along the incised lines sufiiciently to produce minute cavities and undercuts.
Having thus fully described my invention,
what I claim as new, and desire to secure'by Letters Patent, is
1. An enameled article havinga metal base provided with incisions extending partly through said metal and having the edges of the metal at said incisions projecting partly over the incisions, and a vitreous enamel coating the entire surface of said article and filling said incisions.
2. An article of enameled metal Ware whose metal surface has incisions and cavities pro vided with undercuts and forming ornamental designs, and a coating of enamel covering the entire surface and filling the incisions and cavities and through which enamel the said design may be seen, as set forth.
3. The method of preparing sheet metal for a coating of enamel consisting of first preparing the surface of the sheet metal by forming thereon incisions having upraised particles of metal along the lines of the incisions; and then upsetting or compressing the said upraised particles sufiicient to cause them to overlap the minute grooves of the incisions and create 3 undercuts.
L. The method of applyingvitreous enamel 1 to thin sheet metal, consisting of first preparing the surface of the sheet metal by forming thereon incisions and cavities which have undercuts; then coating the entire surface with liquid vitreous enamel so as to fill the said incisions and cavities, and finally subjecting the sheet metal to heat in a muffle to convert the enamel into a glazed surface.
5. The method of enameling sheet metal, consisting of first preparing the surface of the sheet metal by forming thereon incisions having upraised particles of metal along the lines of the incisions; then upsetting or compressing the said upraised particles suflicient to cause them to overlap the minute grooves of the incisions and create undercuts; then coating the entire surface of the metal with enamel and filling the incisions and undercuts with enamel, and then fusing the enamel.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.
CHARLES F. PFALZGRAF.
Witnesses:
OHAn ns B. MANN, J r., W M. D. PoULTNnY.
US18533603A 1903-12-16 1903-12-16 Enameling metal. Expired - Lifetime US774491A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2449917A (en) * 1945-03-19 1948-09-21 Chrysler Corp Surface treatment of metal

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2449917A (en) * 1945-03-19 1948-09-21 Chrysler Corp Surface treatment of metal

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