US770382A - James newns - Google Patents

Description

No. 770,382. PATENTED SEPT. 20, 1904. J. NEWNS. l

WRENCH.

APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 9, 1904.

VNo MODEL.

witnesses a/M? l Y Patented September 20, 1904.

EETcE.

PATENT JAMES NEWNS, CF CHESTER, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR OE ONE-HALE TO THOMAS NORBURY, OF CHESTER, ENGLAND.

WRENCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 770,382, dated September 20, 1904.

Application led February 9, 1904. Serial No. 192,795. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom t 711/003./ concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES NEwNs, machinefitter, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and a resident of Hoole, Chester, in the county of Chester, England, (whose post-oilice add ress is 26 Prescot street, Hoole, Chester, aforesaid,) have invented certain new and useful Improvements in rencheS, (for which application has been made in Great Britain, No. 28,813, dated December 31, 1903,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention has for its object to provide a simple and reliable construction of wrench with movable jaws adapted to iit to varioussized nuts, pipes, or the like by simply applying' it to Vthe article to be turned and applying pressure to the handle in the ordinary manner for turning the article, the construction being such that the grip on the article increases with the pressure on the handle, so that the greater the resistance oiiered to the turning of the nut or the like the greater will be the grip thereon.

To the above end the invention consists in pivotally connecting a handle or lever to one jaw and slidingly mounting the other jaw on this pivoted jaw, the pivoted end of the handle or lever being formed or provided with teeth arranged to engage a pinion, which in turn is adapted to engage teeth on the movable jaw, the construction being such that when the handle or pivoted jaw is moved on its pivot the sliding jaw will be caused to travel to or away from the pivoted jaw, as the case may be.

The invention also comprises the application to the wrench -jaws of various interchangeable parts whereby a wrench may be fitted with gripping parts of various shapes to act as a cycle-wrench or as a pipe-wrench or with cutting-wheels to act as a pipe-cutter or with dies to adapt it for cutting screwthreads or with other mechanical contrivances of a like nature. l

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis an elevation of my improved wrench, portions being broken away to expose the internal construction. Fig. 2 is a perspective view, on an enlarged scale, of the sliding jaw. Fig. 3 is aperspective. view of one of `the interchangeable parts.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the pivotal jaw provided with a slot or recess to slidingly receive a rack one end ot' which is formed integral with the other jaw, B, the rack having on either or both sides a groove c Ato receive corresponding ribs on the two inner faces of the slot and guide the rack Z) in a direction which will carry its jaw B to or from the pivotal jaw A. The slot or recess in the base a of the pivotal jaw A also receives the end of the handle or lever D, formed with a toothed segment or sector Z and pivoted to the jaw A by means oi' a pin or screw E. The base of the jaw A has preferably a form to cover and conceal the teeth d, and, ii' desired, the teeth of rack may be covered by flanges U, as shown in Eig. 2.

Interposed between teeth Z of the handle and the teeth on the rack is a double pinion a' j-that is to say, a wheel having two concentric sets of teeth, the diameter of one set, e', being greater than that of the other, j, in such a way that the handle D engages the large set of teeth and the rack the small sct oi' teeth, thereby increasing the leverage, as will be useful, for instance, for turning the studs of cylinders, or in other cases where a very great grip is required, or if the handleteeth be set to engage the small set of teeth j and the large set oi' teeth v1 be in engagement f with the rack the leverage will be reduced,

producing a quick opening and closing movement of the jaws A B with a relatively small movement ofthe handle D, such as will be applicable for obtaining a light grip, as with some kinds of pipe-wrenches, where it is not` desired to obtain a crushing grip. To change the engagement of the wheel e' y', its axial pin or screw is changed from l to 75, or vice versa, and the wheel turned over. handle to be readily detached and reinserted, it is preferable to utilize for the pivot E a screw-pin. This also has the advantage of enabling the screw to be utilized to adjust the To enable the amount of freedom with which the handle can be moved on its pivot, so that it can be made to turn stiii'ly or otherwise. y

A further feature of my invention is in providing the jaws of the wrench with interchangeable parts in such a way that the same tool may be adapted to various purposes by inserting in either or both jaws detachable engaging-faces shaped according to the article to be gripped or formed, as screwing-dies, cutting-wheels, or like devices. For this purpose I propose to slot or groove each of the jaws A B, as shown at a, to receive a spline R, formed on the back of the interchangeable face-piece, as shown in Fig. 3. I prefer to make the groove or slot as shown to receive the spline of the interchangeable part from the front and to make the spline of sufficient depth to enable a pin or screw N to be passed from one side through the jaw and spline and secure the part in position. This plan has the advantage that the same screw or pin and slot may be utilized to receive and revolubly hold a cutting-wheel T and enable the wrench to be used as a pipe-cutter, as shown in Fig. 1.

The gripping-faces of the jaws or of the interchangeable parts related thereto may be made straight or variously shaped, according to the kind of grip required, and may be either smooth, rough, or toothed. When required as a pipe-wrench, the said faces will be formed curved or claw-shaped and toothed, as shown at W, Fig. 3, or may be otherwise adapted to grip a cylindrical or other body.

In the case of cycle-wrenches and the like I propose to form the faces and each of the jaws with a small V-notch a, which may be roughened or toothed, these notches being adapted to receive the opposite angles of a nut, while leaving the faces of the jaws free for engaging on the iats of the nut, if desired.

In applying the invention to wrenches to adapt them as pipe-cutters I revolubly mount in the jaws one or more cutting-wheels T, before alluded to, and by my' invention if the cutters are thus applied the cutting' of the pipe is greatly facilitated, for the adjustment of feed necessary in ordinary pipe-cutters, which is usually effected, for instance, by a separate screw adjustment to close up the cuttingwheels onto the article from time to time, is completely dispensed with owing to the selfadjusting action of the jaws in the manner above described.

I declare that what I claim is# l. In a wrench, the combination of a handle or lever, a jaw pivoted at its base to said handle, a second jaw slidingly mounted on said pivoted jaw, toothed engaging devices on the base of the slidable jaw and on the pivotal end of the handle and means interposed between said engaging devices for transmitting motion with variable leverage effect to open or close the slidable jaw when the handle or the pivoted jaw is moved, substantiallyT as described.

2. In a wrench, the combination of a handle or lever, a jaw pivoted at its base to said handle, a second jaw slidingly mounted on said pivoted jaw, a rack on the base of said slidable jaw, atoothed segment or sector on the pivotal end of the handle and a pinion device interposed between said rack and segment adapted to transmit motion with variable leverage effect from the handle to the slidable jaw, substantially as described.

3. In a wrench, the combination of a handle or lever, a jaw pivoted at its base to said handle, a second jaw slidingly mounted on said pivoted jaw within a slot or recess in its base, a rackon the base of the slidable jaw, a toothed segment or sector on the pivotal end of the handle, and means between the teeth of the rack and of the handle for transmitting motion to the slidable jaw with a variable leverage effect, the teeth of the handle being covered and concealed within the recess, and the rack having lateral flanges to cover and conceal its teeth, substantially as described.

4c. In a wrench, the combination of a handle or lever, a jaw pivoted at its base to said handle, a second jaw slidingly mounted on said y pivoted jaw, a rack on the base of said slidable jaw, a toothed segment or sector on the pivotal end of the handle, and a double pinion interposed between the teeth of the handle and the raclusaid pinion having one set of teeth in gear with the handle and the other set in gear with the rack, and the sets being of diiferent diameters, substantially as described.

5. In a wrench, the combination of a handle or lever, a jaw pivoted at its base to said handle by a removably-fitted pivot, a second jaw slidingly mounted on said pivoted jaw, a rack on the base of said slidable jaw, a double pinion mounted in the pivoted jaw in one of two engaging' holes by a removably-fitted pivot adapted to be changed into either hole, to bring either set of teeth of the pinion into gear with the rack, and a toothed segment or sector on the pivotal end of the handle to engage the other set of teeth of Ithe pinion, the two sets of teeth on the latter being of different diameters, substantially as described.

6. In a wrench, the combination of a handle or lever, a jaw pivoted at its base to said handle, a second jaw slidingly mounted on said pivoted jaw, means for 'transmitting movement with a variable leverage eiect from the pivotal end of the handle to the slidable jaw, a slot through the operative part of each jaw,

`in the plane of motion, to receive a series of interchangeable operative devices in operative position in the mouth of the jaws, and a removably-fitted pin through each jaw across its slot adapted to pass through a hole in the IOO IOS

IIO

IIS

IZO

operative device and retain the latter, substanposition in the mouth of the jaws, and a small tially as described. l V-notch in each gripping-surface of the mouth 7. In a Wrench, the combination of a handle disposed to receive the opposite angles of a or lever, a jaw pivoted at its base, to said hannut, substantially as described. I5

5 dle, a second jaw slidingly mounted on said In Witness whereof I have hereunto signed pivoted jaw, means for transmitting movemy name, this 28th day of January, 1904, in ment with a variable leverage effect from the the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

pivotal end of the handle to the slidable jaw, JAMES NEWNS. a slot through the operative part of each jaw, Witnesses: TO in the plane of motion, to receive a series of JOHN MCLACHLAN,

interchangeable operative devices in operative JOSEPH J. ROYDEN.

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