US7615967B2 - Method and apparatus of estimating state of health of battery - Google Patents

Method and apparatus of estimating state of health of battery Download PDF

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Publication number
US7615967B2
US7615967B2 US11/479,910 US47991006A US7615967B2 US 7615967 B2 US7615967 B2 US 7615967B2 US 47991006 A US47991006 A US 47991006A US 7615967 B2 US7615967 B2 US 7615967B2
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Prior art keywords
soh
battery
value
soc
temperature
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US11/479,910
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US20070001679A1 (en
Inventor
Il Cho
Do Youn Kim
Do Yang JUNG
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LG Energy Solution Ltd
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LG Chem Ltd
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Assigned to LG CHEM, LTD. reassignment LG CHEM, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHO, IL, JUNG, DO YANG, KIM, DO YOUN
Publication of US20070001679A1 publication Critical patent/US20070001679A1/en
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Assigned to LG ENERGY SOLUTION, LTD. reassignment LG ENERGY SOLUTION, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LG CHEM, LTD.
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus of estimating a state of health (SOH) of a battery, and more particularly to a method of estimating a state of a battery depending on the lapse of time using internal resistance of the battery.
  • SOH state of health
  • electric vehicles or hybrid electric vehicles make use of electric energy stored in a battery as an energy source.
  • a lithium-ion polymer battery is mainly used, and is being intensively studied.
  • SOC state of charge
  • the initial value of the SOC is usually set with reference to open circuit voltage (OCV).
  • OCV open circuit voltage
  • SOH state of health
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is an objective of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus of estimating a state of health (SOH) of a battery using internal resistance, which has been found to act as a parameter exerting the greatest influence on the SOH of the battery.
  • SOH state of health
  • a method of estimating a state of health (SOH) of a battery comprises the steps of: storing an SOH estimation table constructing SOH values corresponding to various values of internal resistance according to temperature and a state of charge (SOC) in a memory; performing measurement of the temperature and estimation of the SOC of the battery when a request is made to estimate the SOH; detecting the internal resistance value of the battery; and reading the SOH values corresponding to the measured temperature, the estimated SOC of the battery, and the detected internal resistance value of the battery from the SOH estimation table.
  • SOH state of health
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a process of constructing a state of health (SOH) estimation table according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an SOH estimation table according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an apparatus of estimating an SOH according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of estimating an SOH according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • a tester measures internal resistance values of a battery according to temperature and a state of charge (SOC) of the battery on the basis of an SOH of the battery (S 100 ).
  • the temperature and the SOC i.e. environments where the internal resistance values are measured, fall within actual operation ranges of the temperature and the SOC of a specified battery.
  • the measurement of the battery internal resistance values according to the temperature and the SOC on the basis of the SOH of the battery can be carried out by dividing the SOH into five steps, and then repeating the measurement of the battery internal resistance values according to the temperature and the SOC in each step.
  • the tester constructs the SOH estimation table on the basis of each measurement result (S 102 ).
  • the SOH estimation table is used when the SOH of the corresponding battery being in service is estimated.
  • the SOH estimation apparatus comprises a controller 200 , a memory 202 , a current and voltage meter 204 , a temperature sensor 206 , and a SOC estimator 208 .
  • the controller 200 controls the SOH estimation apparatus on the whole, measures temperature, SOC, and internal resistance, and reads SOH values corresponding to the measured values from the SOH estimation table.
  • the memory 202 stores various pieces of information including a processing program of the controller 200 , and particularly the SOH estimation table.
  • the current and voltage meter 204 measures current and voltage according to the control of the controller 200 , and makes it possible to calculate the internal resistance of the battery.
  • the voltage and the current are measured for one second in real time while the battery is used, for example while the vehicle operates.
  • the internal resistance of the battery is to sum up impedance such as direct current (DC) resistance, spreading resistance etc., and is much difficult to measure in real time. For this reason, it is good to measure only a component of pure DC resistance. It is preferable to measure the resistance within a rapid time, but the measurement time is arbitrarily set to one second in consideration of hardware and a calculation time of other information.
  • the temperature sensor 206 senses temperature according to the control of the controller 200 , and provides the sensed result to the controller 200 .
  • the SOC estimator 208 estimates an SOC according to the control of the controller 200 , and provides the estimated result to the controller 200 .
  • the controller 200 measures temperature, SOC, current, and voltage through the temperature sensor 206 , the SOC estimator 208 , and current and voltage meter 204 (S 300 , S 302 , and S 304 ).
  • the controller 200 calculates internal resistance of the battery using the measured current and voltage (S 306 ).
  • the controller 200 reads SOH values corresponding to the measured temperature and SOC, and the calculated internal resistance from the SOH estimation table stored in the memory 202 . By reading out the SOH values, the SOH estimation of the battery based on the SOH estimation request is completed.
  • the SOH can be estimated using the internal resistance, which has been found to act as a parameter exerting the greatest influence on the SOH of the battery.
  • the SOH of the corresponding battery can be easily detected.
  • the SOH of the battery which is impossible to directly detect and is very strong in nonlinearity, can be estimated relatively and accurately.
  • the SOH of the battery can be estimated without adding a stand-alone device to a battery management system (BMS) in order to estimate the SOH of the battery.
  • BMS battery management system

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
US11/479,910 2005-06-30 2006-06-30 Method and apparatus of estimating state of health of battery Active 2027-06-09 US7615967B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR20050057646 2005-06-30
KR10-2005-0057646 2005-06-30

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US20070001679A1 US20070001679A1 (en) 2007-01-04
US7615967B2 true US7615967B2 (en) 2009-11-10

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US (1) US7615967B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1900075B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4763050B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100756837B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101208847B (fr)
TW (1) TWI320609B (fr)
WO (1) WO2007004817A1 (fr)

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