US7324567B2 - Modulation frequency tunable optical oscillator - Google Patents

Modulation frequency tunable optical oscillator Download PDF

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Publication number
US7324567B2
US7324567B2 US11/017,654 US1765404A US7324567B2 US 7324567 B2 US7324567 B2 US 7324567B2 US 1765404 A US1765404 A US 1765404A US 7324567 B2 US7324567 B2 US 7324567B2
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optical
optical fiber
wavelength
fiber grating
modulation frequency
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US11/017,654
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US20060078010A1 (en
Inventor
Young Ho Kim
Eun Soo Nam
Kyoung Ik Cho
Bo Woo Kim
Myung Sook Oh
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Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29331—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by evanescent wave coupling
    • G02B6/29335—Evanescent coupling to a resonator cavity, i.e. between a waveguide mode and a resonant mode of the cavity
    • G02B6/29338—Loop resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/0675—Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/07—Construction or shape of active medium consisting of a plurality of parts, e.g. segments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/105—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity, e.g. by controlling the cavity length
    • H01S3/1055—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity, e.g. by controlling the cavity length one of the reflectors being constituted by a diffraction grating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/08086—Multiple-wavelength emission
    • H01S3/0809—Two-wavelenghth emission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/081—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
    • H01S3/082—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors defining a plurality of resonators, e.g. for mode selection or suppression

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a millimeter-wave band frequency optical oscillator that can be used as an oscillation frequency signal source for a millimeter-wave forwarded to wireless subscribers from a base station of a millimeter-wave wireless subscriber communication system for next generation (e.g., fifth generation) ultra-high speed wireless internet service. More particularly, the present invention relates to a modulation frequency tunable optical oscillator including an optical fiber amplifier and an optical fiber grating mirror which are connected to each of input/output ports of a loop mirror to realize simultaneous oscillation in two laser modes suitable for each wavelength.
  • a communication technology that uses a millimeter-wave band to provide high-capacity information of about 100 Mbps to subscribers is being studied and developed as a next generation (e.g., fifth generation) personal wireless technology by institutes at home and abroad studying communication technologies.
  • the millimeter-wave band is greatly attenuated on air, wireless communication must be made in a local area having an effective distance less than 200 m. It, therefore, needs a repeater at a position close to subscribers, wherein a high frequency optical signal in a millimeter-wave band, which carries information, is forwarded to the repeater through an optical line.
  • a high frequency optical oscillator is used as an oscillation frequency signal source that generates the high frequency optical signal.
  • a method of using semiconductor high frequency optical modulation and a method of using self-modulation in a resonator have been studied and developed in the art from five to six years ago.
  • the method of using optical modulation is being studied and developed with a frequency region having the highest frequency of 40 GHz.
  • optical fiber oscillators having a complex resonator structure have been developed with a 60 ⁇ 80 GHz frequency region.
  • a ring resonator having an optical fiber grating mirror was proposed in Korean Patent Application No. 2002-3529 (Jan. 22, 2002).
  • a similar high frequency laser light source based on the ring resonator was also developed.
  • a laser mode reciprocating along a pair of optical fiber grating mirrors passes over about two times the resonance length compared to a transmitting laser mode. Accordingly, there are great differences in a birefringence phenomenon and a resonant frequency between the two modes. It increases a modulation frequency between the two modes, but relatively reduces an adjustment width of a polarization adjuster (polarization state) to make simultaneous oscillation in the two modes.
  • the present invention is directed to an excellent modulation frequency tunable optical oscillator that oscillates at a high modulation frequency over 60 GHz, which has not been commercially used.
  • One aspect of the present invention is to provide a modulation frequency tunable optical oscillator, comprising: a pair of wavelength couplers for receiving a pump light of a given wavelength; a loop mirror having both ports, each of the ports being connected to one end of the pair of wavelength couplers; a coupler connected to the loop mirror for outputting light; optical amplification optical fibers each connected to the other ends of the pair of wavelength couplers; and optical fiber grating mirrors each connected to the optical amplification optical fibers, wherein light output from the optical amplification optical fibers is reflected by the loop mirror with different reflectivity per wavelength and is input into the optical fiber grating mirrors through the optical amplification optical fibers, and light in a different wavelength region is reflected by the optical fiber grating mirrors, thereby realizing a dual laser mode resonator.
  • the pair of wavelength couplers and the loop mirror are interconnected through a 50% coupler.
  • the loop mirror includes a dispersion compensated fiber and a polarization adjuster.
  • one of the optical fiber grating mirrors is a wavelength fixed optical fiber grating mirror, and the other is a wavelength tunable optical fiber grating mirror.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a modulation frequency tunable optical oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b are graphs showing a comparison between gains obtained by a polarization adjuster making an adjustment depending on the wavelength of light;
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing an optical spectrum of an optical oscillator depending on a change in an orientation angle of a polarization adjuster applied to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing a comparison between features that a modulation frequency varies with a change in an angle of a polarization adjuster.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing a change in a modulation frequency of an optical oscillator with respect to a change in a reflected light wavelength of an optical fiber grating mirror.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a modulation frequency tunable optical oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a pair of wavelength couplers (980/1550 nm) 100 a and 100 b for receiving a pump light of 980 nm wavelength are connected to input/output ports of a loop mirror 300 through a 50% coupler 200 , respectively.
  • Optical amplification fibers (Er, 2 m) 400 a and 400 b are connected to the other ends of the pair of wavelength couplers 100 a and 100 b to amplify the light, respectively.
  • Optical fiber grating mirrors namely, a wavelength fixed optical fiber grating mirror 500 a and a wavelength tunable optical fiber grating mirror 500 b are connected to outputs of the optical amplification optical fibers (Er, 2 m) 400 a and 400 b , respectively.
  • the loop mirror 300 is a circuit designed so that input lights, divided by 50%, are forwarded along the optical fiber in an opposite direction and then are returned to an original position by connecting two output ports of the 50% coupler 200 , namely, a 2 ⁇ 2 optical fiber coupler to an optical fiber having a proper length.
  • Reflectivity is a ratio at which the input lights, forwarded along the optical fiber, are returned and recombined at an original port. At this time, a combination ratio depends on polarization. If the optical fiber of the loop mirror 300 has no birefringence, the lights are combined 100% resulting in total internal reflection. If the optical fiber has birefringence, it reduces the reflectivity (less than 10%). Thus, the reflectivity of the loop mirror 300 is determined by the birefringence of the optical fiber constituting the loop mirror.
  • the optical fiber grating mirrors 500 a and 500 b are wavelength selection type mirrors having a function of reflecting light in one specific wavelength region, determined by a given period, and transmitting light in other wavelength regions, using periodic variation of the index of refraction of an optical path at a center of the optical fiber.
  • the optical fiber grating mirrors 500 a and 500 b at one ends of the optical amplification optical fibers 400 a and 400 b , the light, which is output from the optical amplification optical fibers 400 a and 400 b , is reflected by the loop mirror 300 with different reflectivity per wavelength, and is amplified by the optical amplification optical fibers 400 a and 400 b , is input into the optical fiber grating mirrors 500 a and 500 b .
  • the light in the specific wavelength region is reflected and the light in other wavelength regions is transmitted by the optical fiber grating mirrors 500 a and 500 b , thereby obtaining a resonator in which only the light reflected by the optical fiber grating mirrors 500 a and 500 b reciprocates.
  • two resonators associated with the optical fiber grating mirrors 500 a and 500 b are achieved by disposing, in parallel, a pair of optical fiber grating mirrors 500 a and 500 b that reflect only light of a specific wavelength, and independent laser modes are realized by the reflectivity of the loop mirror 300 . Further, it is possible to realize two laser modes by analyzing the reflectivity by the birefringence and fabricating the optical fiber grating mirrors 500 a and 500 b suitable for the reflectivity, and to obtain a light source having a modulation frequency that can be broadly varied from 20 to 160 GHz.
  • laser light is oscillated by the resonator during once resonance at a wavelength at which a total gain obtained by summing a gain of an optical amplification medium and a gain resulting from reflectivity of the optical fiber grating mirrors 500 a and 500 b at both ends of the resonator is maximized.
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b are graphs showing a comparison between gains obtained by a polarization adjuster making an adjustment depending on the wavelength of light.
  • FIG. 2 a is a graph showing a comparison between gains obtained by a polarization adjuster making an adjustment depending on a wavelength of light using an existing serial optical oscillator
  • FIG. 2 b is a graph showing a comparison between gains obtained by a polarization adjuster making an adjustment depending on a wavelength of light using an optical oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the existing serial optical oscillator is composed of a loop mirror, a wavelength coupler, an optical amplification optical fiber, a wavelength fixed and a wavelength tunable optical fiber grating mirror (not shown), all of which are connected in series, so that a dual mode laser resonator is achieved which is capable of realizing two laser modes suitable for each wavelength.
  • This existing serial optical oscillator requires that two lasers have the same divided gain of the optical amplification medium. Accordingly, the wavelength and polarization of the optical fiber grating mirror is required to properly select, and the reflectivity of the loop mirror depends on irregular birefringence in the optical fiber.
  • the parallel optical oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention has less dependency on the birefringence of the optical fiber and thus is stable against the polarization. Further, it is possible to avoid a technical difficulty in dividing the gain of the optical amplification optical fibers 400 a and 400 b . Further, it is possible to obtain a very high frequency (e.g., more than about 60 GHz ) light source capable of implementing an excellent function of easily changing the modulation frequency, by adjusting one optical fiber grating mirror. Besides, there is no need for expensive components such as a direction indicator or a polarizer, which has been needed in the conventional optical oscillator, thus implanting a more simplified optical oscillator.
  • a very high frequency e.g., more than about 60 GHz
  • FIG. 2 a it shows a simulation result of a total gain when the dispersion compensated fiber has a length of 5 m and optical power is 40 mW at 980 nm. It can be seen that there is a great difference between maximum gains of two laser modes.
  • FIG. 2 b it shows a simulation result under the same conditions as in FIG. 2 a . It can be seen that two dual modes have a different size at a center wavelength of the optical fiber grating mirrors 500 a and 500 b , but they are balanced compared to the case of FIG. 2 a.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing an optical spectrum of an optical oscillator depending on a change in an orientation angle of a polarization adjuster applied to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 it shows a simulation result of optical power in the laser mode with the same gain as that of FIG. 2 b . It can be seen that the optical power is slightly changed at a 90° period by the polarization adjuster 320 included in the loop mirror 300 .
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing a comparison between features that a modulation frequency varies with a change in an angle of a polarization adjuster.
  • FIG. 4 it shows a simulation result of a beat frequency between two laser modes having the highest gain. It is a result under presumption that a discrepancy angle of an optical axis of the optical fiber included in the loop mirror 300 is about 50°, which may inevitably be caused upon fabricating the optical fiber.
  • both the existing serial optical oscillator and the inventive optical oscillator do not undergo great change with respect the change in the orientation angle of the polarization adjuster 320 . It exhibits excellent stability against the polarization.
  • the existing serial optical oscillator is very sensitive to change in the gain dependent on change in the reflectivity while the inventive parallel optical oscillator is very stable against the change in the angle of the polarization adjuster 320 , namely, the change in the polarization because it obtains the gain of the optical fiber by itself.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing a change in a modulation frequency of an optical oscillator with respect to a change in a reflected light wavelength of an optical fiber grating mirror.
  • FIG. 5 it shows a simulation result when the wavelength fixed optical fiber grating mirror 500 a is fixed to have 1542.0 nm, which is a wavelength that can obtain a maximum gain using the polarization adjuster 320 , and a center wavelength of reflected light is changed from 1541.5 nm to 1543.5 nm using the wavelength tunable optical fiber grating mirror 500 b . It can be seen that a tunable frequency feature in the range of 20 to 160 GHz is obtained, as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • a set of optical amplification optical fiber and optical fiber grating mirror is connected to each of the two input/output ports of the loop mirror in parallel to form a dual mode laser resonator that is capable of making simultaneous oscillation in two laser modes suitable for each wavelength. It is possible to obtain a high frequency optical oscillator with a simple configuration in which a modulation frequency of a laser light, generated from a single laser optical generator, is successively tunable from 20 to 160 GHz by adjusting a reflected wavelength of the optical fiber grating mirror.
  • the oscillator can be used as a frequency oscillator and a high frequency optical signal generator for optical wireless integrated millimeter-wave communication equipment for a ultra-high speed wireless internet service. Moreover, when the oscillator is utilized as a key component of a wired ultra-high speed optical transmission system, an imported goods substitution effect and a cost saving effect can be obtained.
  • the two resonators obtain the gain of the optical amplification optical fiber by itself using the different input/output ports of the loop mirror, and thus very stable oscillation in two laser modes can be realized.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
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KR1020040080344A KR100584697B1 (ko) 2004-10-08 2004-10-08 변조 주파수 가변형 광 발진기

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CA2749670A1 (en) * 2009-02-04 2010-08-12 The General Hospital Corporation Apparatus and method for utilization of a high-speed optical wavelength tuning source
CN104170189B (zh) * 2012-03-28 2016-11-09 富士通株式会社 光半导体器件
JP6589273B2 (ja) * 2014-11-28 2019-10-16 富士通株式会社 波長可変レーザ及び波長可変レーザモジュール
CN111884028A (zh) * 2020-08-20 2020-11-03 国网电力科学研究院有限公司 输出参数可切换的放大环形镜脉冲振荡器及振荡输出方法

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KR20060031350A (ko) 2006-04-12
US20060078010A1 (en) 2006-04-13

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