US704325A - Smoke-preventing furnace. - Google Patents

Description

N0. 704,325. Patented July 8, I902.

' H. F. HAYDEN.

SMUKE PREVENTING FURNACE.

(Applicat zion filed Dec. 14, 1900. Renewed Apr. 18, 1902A 3 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

Patented July 8, 1902.

H. FJHAYD-EN. SMOKE PREVENTING FURNACE. (Application fiiea Dec 14, 1900 RenewPd Apr 19,

3 Sheets Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

No. 704,325. Patented July 8, I902.

H. F. HAYDEN. Y

SMOKE PREVENTING FURNACE.

(Application filed Dec. 14, 1900. Renewed Apr. 19, 1902.)

(No Model.) 3 Sheeis-Sheet 3.

a/w weafiea g m UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY F. HAYDEN, OF 'WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD TO JAMES HENRY JENNINGS, OF TVASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

SMOKE-PREVENTING FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 704,325, dated July 8, 1902.

Application filed December 14,1900. Renewed April19.1902- SerialN0.103,'761. (No model.)

To aZZ Hill/077D it may concern: rated by air-tubes, forming part of the air- Beitknown thatLHENRYF. HAYDEN,aciti feeding apparatus, all as will hereinafter be zen of the United States, residing at \Vashmore fully set forth, and particularly pointed ington, in the District of Columbia, have inout in the claims. 5 vented certain new and useful Improvements In the accompanying drawings, which form in Smoke-PreventingFurnaces; and I do herepart of this specification, and whereon correbydeclare the following to beafull, clear, and sponding letters indicate like parts in the exact description of the invention, such as several views, Figure 1 represents a furnace will enable others skilled in the art to which in front elevation embodying certain features 10 it appertains to make and use the same. of my invention relating to means for feed Myinvention relates toboiler-furnaces such ing fuel to the furnace. Fig. 2 is a longituas employed in generating steam for driving dinal central section through the furnacewith stationary or portable engines and for other its rear chamber only partly shown. Fig. 3 purposes. is a horizontal section below the boiler on the 15 More particularly stated the invention reline 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a transverse versides in certain peculiarities of construction tical section taken on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2, and novel arrangement of parts whereby a and Fig. 5 is an end view of the coking-plate. maximum amount of heat is produced with a Reference being had to the drawings and minimum expenditure of fuel, be it anthraletters thereon, A indicates a boiler of any 20 cite or bituminous coal, petroleum, or other form or construction, same being shown herecombustible materials. in merely for the purpose of illustrating its The chief objects of my invention are thererelative position. fore to secure in furnaces a most thorough B indicates the fire-chamber; C, the rear and complete combustion of all gases, to prechamber; D, the bridge-wall; E, the ash-pit,

25 vent the formation of smoke or, as commonly and F G G the front and side walls, respecexpressed, to consume it, and also to intively, of the furnace. crease the general efficiency or steam-produc The metallic furnace-front H, which faces ing qualities of boilers heated by furnaces emfront wall F, is provided With the usual furbodying my invention. In the practical acnace and ash-pit doors I J, respectively ar- 3 complishment of these several objects the ranged in pairs, and above these is attached leading features of construction may be said a coal-feeding hopper K, which, in conj unc- So to embrace means for feeding fuel to furtion with a coking-oven L, constitutes an im naces after having first partially coked same, portant feature of this invention. Hopper meansfor supplying air in predetermined and K is by preference formed of boiler-iron in 35 suitable proportions to commingle and burn two compartments a a, separated by a verti- With the furnace-gases, as also for beating cal partition Z) and bolted to boiler-front H down or retarding in fire-chambers the travthrough flanges c in register with mouth (Z of elingunconsumed products of combustion unthe oven L aforesaid. This hopper K, adjatil same have been entirely consumed. cent to its point of attachment, is provided 40 Additional features of my invention which with vertically-movable doors M M, guardcontribute to the successful results obtained ing the outlet from each compartment a and and constitute elements in the organized arsliding in guideways e, riveted to the hopper, rangement of parts, hereinafter more fully each of said dampers being counterbalanced described, are a damper located between the by weights N at the outer ends of interposed 4; bridge-wall of furnaces and the boiler, being levers O 0. (Shown by Fig. 1.) The top of there pivotally mounted in the side Walls, a hopper K is covered by a hinged lid P, while 5 damper-rod for manipulating such damper the angular bottom is provided with a pair from in front of the furnace, and a feed-water of hinged stoke-hole doors f f for purposes heater located in the bridge-wall and perfothat will later appear. Passing through the month d of oven L is a rectangular cokingplate Q, which projects into the fire-chamber B, overhangs the grate-bars g, is corrugated or ribbed on its under surface, as at h, and

is supported upon an arch R, of fire-brick,

above the furnace-doors I I, as shown. At its outer edge said plate and the corrugations or channels it thereunder are fitted with a sliding perforated register-plate t' for the purpose of controlling admission of air to and through said channels. Above oven L and supported in the front wall F, which it overhangs on the inside, is a rectangular air chamber S, preferably of cast metal, having a perforated bottom j, communicating at its ends with air-ducts T, located in the side walls G G of the furnace and terminating at 70 k in the ash-pit E, said hopper, coking-oven, and air-ducts, all for purposes which will be hereinafter set forth in a statement of operation.

Opening into the bridge-wall D from ashpit E are converging hot-air passages U,which extending upward in a vertical direction communicate with individual flattened diverging ports V, adapted to discharge heated air into fire-chamber B for reversing the natural draft of the furnace and retarding the traveling products of combustion in said chamber until they are thoroughly consumed. Running longitudinally through one side of the ash-pitE is a valved steam-pipe Zin communication with boiler A or other source of steam-supply. This pipe Z, passing through one passage 1*, communicates with a transverse delivery-pipe m, the latter being fitted with a series of in jector-nozzles It in register with ports Vfor the purpose of compelling at times a flow of hot air through said ports by injecting therethrough highly-heated steam under pressure.

Near the upper edge in bridge-wall D is embedded a cylindrical feed-water heater W, fitted with a valved water-supply pipe 0, and at its opposite end with a valved dischargepipe or blow-out p for cleansing the heater of sediment that may accumulate therein. Extending upward from heater W are pipes q g, each provided with a valve 7', operated through suitable hand-holes sin side Walls G for the purpose of supplying hot water from the feed-water heater IN to boiler A as ocoasion demands. Passing directly through heater WV is a horizontal series of short tubes 2f in alinement with the nozzles n and ports V aforesaid, through which hot air from the ash-pit and passages U is driven the more effectually to heat the feed-water before its introduction into the boiler.

Immediately back of bridge-Wall D is pivotally mounted in side walls G G a damper X in controllable communication with the front of the furnace by agency of a short crank it and a damper-rod o. This rod Q}, at its front end, is provided with suitably-spaced notches (not shown) for engaging a latch 20, projecting from the side of the furnace as one means of graduating to a certainty the relative positions of damper X, which when not in use rests in a depressed position upon the foundation of rear combustion chamber 0, as shown by Fig. 3, entirely out of the line of draft and the direct heat of the furnace. When, however, damper X is in its most ele vated position, it serves to practically close the space between bridge-wall D and boiler A, thus temporarily obstructing the line of draft and positively preventing the escape of smoke or unconsumed products. This most elevated position of damper X, however, is only resorted to when found necessary to fire directly through the furnace-doors or for other reasons the doors I I are opened, which is rarely the case. At such times, however, the superabundant supply of oxygen invariably results in an oversupply of gases, which are ordinarily forced up the furnace-stack and wasted; but in the present instance these are arrested in fire-chamber B and consumed after the doors I are closed.

Having thus described the preferred construction and organized arrangement of parts which constitute my invention, I will now proceed to describe in a general way its use and operation. At the outstart it will be understood that boiler-furnaces of this type are usually designed for the consumption of bituminous coal, and in the selection of materials from which my furnaces are built I by no means limit myself to those herein speci- IQO fied. Neither am I confined to the precise location and arrangement of the novel features of invention herein shown and described, being governed in such particulars by surrounding conditions, and especially so when my improvements are placed in old or previously-existing furnaces.

Presuming the furnace to have been duly fired and that it becomes necessary to add fuel, lid P is temporarily raised and coal no thrown into compartments a a of hopper K, whereupon doors M M are elevated successively, the charges of coal being delivered into oven L by means of a suitable stoking implement. (Not shown.) Such implement is manipulated through the comparatively small hopper-doorsff, thus avoiding undue inrush of cold air and the necessity of opening the main furnace-doors I with the consequent disastrous results. Plate Q, extending I20 into fire-chamber B, is moderately heated by the furnace-fire below, so that all fuel resting thereon is partially coked before its in troduction to the grates. From the heated boiler-front H a limited supply of air is admitted to oven L through the slight opening to be seen at a;, Fig. 2, and at same time another supply is similarly conducted thereto from ash-pit E by Way of side passages T T and air-chamber S, the degree of heated air :30 thus admitted to chamber S being regulated by the relative position of the ash-pit doors J J and special demands made upon the heating system. Under these conditions the fuel is allowed to remain in oven L until thoroughly heated, the lighter gases being thus expelled and commingled with the heated air as it enters the coking-oven by way of opening a: and the numerous perforations j in chamber S. As the enriched gases emerge from the coking-oven they are met by currents of air from channels 7L in the under surface of plate Q, which supply more or less oxygen according to requirements, and being met by incandescent particles rising from the furnace-fire are ignited and immediately converted into flame on the line of draft through the furnace. Fuel is thus repeatedly transferred from oven L to the fire-chamber B by the alternate processes of feeding, coking, and firing according to requirements of the system, as hereinbefore set forth. If necessary to bank the fire, a charge of coal is left upon the coking-plate Q,and as a consequence when again the fire is spread the furnace is readily charged with fuel in a highly-heated state, which contains no smoke-producing gases or moisture. When, as is rarely the case, furnace-doors I are opened or by any means there is a superabundant inrush of oxygenized air to the fire-chamber B, there the draft, and consequently waste unconsumed products of combustion, may be arrested in whole or in part by manipulation of damper X. Obviously this damper may be momentarily raised to the position indicated by Fig. 2 at any time a furnace door or doors I are opened with the result of holding in the fire-chamber all smoke gases which invariably form under such conditions until the door is again closed and the gases consumed. At times of excessive firing more particularly the draft reversing apparatus located in bridge-wall D is called into requisition. Superheated steam from nozzles n is injected into and through each tube t, intersecting the feed-water heater N. This produces a blast of highly-heated air from ash-pit E, through said tubes at and their respective flattened converging ports V, in an unbroken sheet above the burning fuel and toward the furnace-doors. Thus the combustible gases in fire-chamber B are again met by a blast of heated air, which serves to arrest them in said chamber and with which they are thoroughly mixed, ignited, and burned. This passage of superheated steam and hot air through the transversely-arranged tubes tof heater "W assists materially in heating the feed-water contained therein and at same time renders possible the most advantageous location of both heater \V and ports V in the bridge-wall D of the furnace. Further than this the operation of heater N is well understood and requires no description.

Having thus described my invention in its preferred embodiment, what Iclaim, and de sire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

tion of smoke the combination with a firechamber, of a coking-oven located in the front wall thereof comprising an inwardly-projecting coking-plate, a series of air-channels beneath said plate, a register for closing said channels, a superimposed perforated airchamber, and suitable passages for conducting to said chamber an airsupply, substan* tially as described.

3. In a furnace for preventing the forma-- tion of smoke the combination with a firechamber and ash-pit, of a coking-oven located in the front wall thereof comprising a cokingplate, a superimposed perforated air-chamher, and suitable passages communicating with said chamber at its ends for conducting thereto an air-supply directly from the ashpit of the furnace, substantially as described.

4. In a furnace for preventing the forma tion of smoke the combination with a cokingoven, of a hopper for feeding said oven, a partition dividing said hopper into co mpartments, and a sliding door set at an angle to the furnace-front for controlling the discharge of each compartment, substantially as described.

5. In a furnace for preventing the formation of smoke the combination with a cokingoven, of a hopper for feeding said oven, a partition dividing said hopper into compartments, a sliding door set at an angle to the furnace-front for controlling the discharge of each compartment, a lid for the top of said hopper, and stoke-hole doors in its bottom, substantially as described.

6. In a furnace for preventing the formation of smoke the combination with a firechamber, ash-pit and bridge-Wall, of an airduct entering said bridge-wall from the ashpit and terminating in a plurality of diverging flattened ports for introducing heated air into the fire-chamber above the fire to reverse the natural draft thereof, substantially as described.

'7. In a furnace for preventing the formation of smoke the combination with a firechamber, ash-pit and bridge-wall, of an airduct entering said bridge-wall from the ashpit, a plurality of diverging ports communicating with said duct and directed into the fire-chamber, and a series of injector-nozzles for forcing a draft of air through said duct and ports, substantially as described.

8. In a furnace for preventing the formation of smoke the combination with a firechamber, ash-pit and bridge-Wall, of a feedwater heater in said bridge-wall fitted with a IIO series of transverse tubes, an air-duct enter- In testimony whereof I subscribe my siging the bridge-wall from the ash-pit, a plunature in presence of two witnesses. rality of diverging ports communicating with said duct through the tubes aforesaid in the HENRY HAYDEN- 5 feed-water heater, and suitable injector-noz- WVitnesses:

zies for forcing air through said duct, tubes ALEXANDER S. STEUAR'r,

and ports, substantially as described. WM. E. DYRE.

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