US884945A - Smoke-consumer for boiler-furnaces. - Google Patents

Description

'1%. 834,945) PATENTE APR. 14, 1908.4

J.l D. NIX. SMOKE GUNSUMBR'PQR Boum PURNACBS.

APP'LIOATIN FILED JULY 20,1905. BENEWED AUG. 30, 1907.

` 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2..

BEST AVAILABLE COPY U'Nirnnsrnrns en irE-NT oF-Fion.

JOHN DAY IX, NATCHEZ, MISSISSIPPI, ASSIGN OR OF ONE-THIRD TO LEWIS M. DALGRON,

.- OF NATCHEZ, MISSISSIISPI.

SMOKE-CONSUMER Fon BoiLEa-FURNACES.

specification o: Lettere Patent.

' Patented April 14, 190s.

Application led July 20, '1905, Serial No. 270,512. Renewed August 30, 1907. Serial No. 390,825. l

In the combustion of fuel'such as coal, for the generation of heat and consequent evolution of steam in a suitable generator, it 1s well known thatA in the usual vform Afor a furnace there results an imperfect assimilation of carbonaceous vapor liberated from the burning fueljvith oxygen from the atniosphere 3 Y, furthermore, this want of proper associationA ofA the elements mentioned entails a positive and serious loss, as the parti- -cles of carbondrivenpoff as smoke and'per v .mitted to esca ie, 1n many cases, represents more -than haf of'thezheat-producing element of the fuel burned.

The object/of my invention is to provide novel details of construction for a smoke consumer,- and its combination withfthe masonry settingf for a steam boiler which will .intimately-"nib: .waste carbon with oxygen from the surrounding air and subject it to suflicient heafor its proper. association,

and under air pi' ,ssure force the aero-carbonaceous mixture in the form of jets into-portions of the fire-cliamber of the steam generator for its combustion and conversion Ainto heat for steam generation.

.The invention consists in the novel-construction, combination and arrangement of mechanical details, as is hereinafter fully described, and set forth inthe appended claims.

.Reference is to be had to the accompanying 40 drawings forming a part of this specification,

in which similar characters of reference indie cate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a sectional side view of a steam boiler, of its setting and ofthe improvements combined with said masonry vsetting Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view of the construction shown in Fig. 1 taken substantially on ,the line 2 2 in said ligure;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detached partly sectional side view of a carbonaceous liquid jet device employed; Fig. 4 is an enlarged detac-hed transverse sectional view "ofxa fan blower and a valve controllednleA e for air, attached to the fan blower an .1.5 is

. an enlargeddetached sectional sideview ofdamper mechanism employed.

The improvement is capable of effective co- Aoperation with different styles of steam generators, but for illustration of its special construction and operation, it is represented in the drawings as arran ed in connection with the fuel combustion c iamber and draft pas sages, for a horizontal tubular steam boiler and masonry setting therefor.

As appears in Figs; 1 and 2, 10 indicatesa .horizontal tubular boiler that is of the well known return fine type,wherein the lurality of tubes or ues al extend from a fiile sheet 10a at the rear end of the boiler shell to the forward flue -sheet 10b, and are .affixed at their ends in spaced openings in said sheets in a watertight manner, as usual. The boiler shell extends a proper len th forward of the flue sheet 10b and at the chamber. 10d, and on this extension of the shell a. draft stack 10e is mountedand see cured over' an opening therein, as shown in Fig. 1. The boiler is inclosed laterally and rearwardly by the masonry side walls 11 and rear end wall 11, the usual. angle lates 10 that are projected from the boiler s ell atopont end is closed by a front endv wall 10c affording a draft posit-'e points thereon, seating upon offsets 11b on Athe side walls, which latter afford support for theboiler anderniitit to expand and contract longitudinali known provision in the setting of this class of steam boilers. The boiler is further supportedby a front end ,wall 1 l, of masonry; or,li1f referred, of cast iron plates, this front wa aving a door 11d 'therein below the ly, this-being a vWell boiler, and also an ash pit -door 11 below the door opening 11d closing the usual openii not shown for removal of ashes from the as pit 1 1h.

A series of grate bars'12, and a plurality of differently constructed grate bars 12, extend from a bearing on .the front wall 11c rearvwardlv-and reston a brid e wall 13, these grate `bars together divide t ie space forward of the bridge wall into a fire chamber 1 1 and an 'ash pit 11h. The grate bars l2 areof ordinaryfform, each havinga fiat, perforated top wall and'flanges at side edges thereof whlch depend an equal depth from the top wa bars 12' previously mentioned are positioned, said bars 12 being hollow, closed at the front Between the grate bars 12, the grate l, Eromlthe dischalpge portofthefan 14, an airlconveying (p 'as h pit' 11 anj transversely. thereof near .its front endwall, this transverse extension 16j "of the air conductor ends, flat on theirflow-er sides',and each pro- .vide'd with parallel side walls that merge at their upper edges in the lower edges 'of an inpower actuat vertedV-sha dztop wall, as is clearl-y shown -in Fl 2, sai wall having a row of -perfora- 4tionslgb- -in each inclined side -thereof. -A, preferably rotary fa'n blo`wer`14"isfernployed,`

which is positionedat a suitable )point-cuff" side 'of the fire cha'mber of the= b'oer and is adapted for a rotation of its Wings on the wings or an blades are radially mountf ed, asis 'indicated' in' F' 4,; Th'ezfan re- -ceives lgaseous' products o combustion froxn a i' conduit ipe -15' which extends fromA the center of t e `far: casing at one side thereofupwardly and then'laterally into -the stack' 10,terminatin`g in a fiaring hood 15" which depends within' the stack-near its. base, lfor l reception of products of combustion that-en' ter the draftchamber 1.0, as-'will behere'nafter more specifically'` described;

length, and in the rear side wall of 13', a similar series of perforationsc is formed near the top wall thereof as a pears inl F' orations c '.1s formed in the front wall of the bridge 13 thatI try withone vin each vgrate bar- 12 The .bri e wan-13 is mmmdupon transverse oundation'A 1 3 and'consistsof a metal box exfendiii'aeross the fire' chainber at its rear e1=`l, the. eight of the bridge-wall being iso' proportiune zthat" th.e pncaved upper side 13" thereofis disposed at a proper 'distance below, the shellof th'eboiler 10'4 and concentric therewith.l In the'upper side-13?" ofthe bridge-wall; a series ofspaced rforations c is formed that extend throulg out its l; furthermore, a set of I pe ipeA 1e is emndedpinm the.

I ipe a'number of upright-'spaced brandbes d thereon, each connectmg with the. lower side of a respective hollowfgrate bar 12 for transfer of air under wall and at t pressureffrom the an blower 14, into and through the hollow grate bars.

As shown in F" 1', Va. baille plate 13c is l cated longitudina y within the hollow bridge wall 13 :which forms 'a partition which extends 'throughout the length lofsaid bridge eupper edgeis spacedrom the top v-'a .1l,'13b, thus'permitting air forced into the bridge w`all to escape through each-set of 1 perfprations c, c in about equal volume.

.which'is bridge at anangle when therate or damper 15E is closed, as shown by fu lines in Figs. 1 and 5, the; open position of the damper and lever appa'rin` inf-`dotted lines in Fig. 5. On the outer e'n ofthe lever 153', an adjusting rod 15h4 is .'pivoted by one end, and. thence extends' down to aconverlient point for manipulating Y at the front end of the boiler 10, the rod ternrinatin in handle, andalso having a plu- Aralitygov spaced teeth h projected from one side toward the boiler `head wall,' on which'fis' Ianang'ular. bracket, an arrnih' -on which projects toward the teeth h; It will-be seen that if 4the rod 15* is drawn downward, and the arm h is entered-between or above certain of the teeth h, the rod will be held depressedv Aand the damper 'gate 15 opened correspondmgly withthe inletv openin in the fan casing, a -valve 15 is introduce lwhich, by its adjustln'the tubular conduit 15..near'its junction f ment,.co`ntrols the introduction ofatinos- .pheric airinto the pipe, foradrnixture with aseous products -of combustion 'that the pass omlthe' draft chamber. 1()d through the conduit l' An oi f h f conveying-pipe 16 pre erab yneart e an 14 'comprising a tanli'17,` from Whichextends a ipe 1 5 and into the fan casing.

.-feed pipe 17?l in which is a feed graduating valve 17",;and from the latter projects 'downx wardfand then horizontally .a jet pipe 1 7c edingrdeviis laced; en the-ir vwhich passerenaghi through thewauof the pipe 16, and extends' longitudinall .therein liquid toward-t e hollow grate bars 12.

" As well known, the oombustion'offuel.

`'evolves carbonio, acid gas and other'g'aseo'us mixtures that are inoombustible, andtheir accumulation in the retort like yatelbars 12 or the dischar e of a fine' )et of'liy oca'rbon" \a`nd'br idge wallv 13, has a ten encyifpermitted, to obstruct `the. combustion of the other gaseous constituents, comprisingoxlyf gen, hydrogen and hydrocarbon vapor; e waste 'gases as produced, ,1 pro-y veliminate t 'vide an escape pipe 18 controlled by the .value 18 which at one end taps an end of Vthe bridge wall 13, and' then'cegis extended into the draft stack 1 0c and is turned upwardly therein, as indicated in Fig. 1, the draft ofthe stack serving to pull'the noxious gases such" as sulfur and carbonio acid gas, out` of the hollow bridge wall and discharge the same bridg e wall 13,9. combustion chamber 1 9, of ordinary form, Ais produced, the top wall 19* 'into the surrounding air. Rearwardly of the of which inclines rearward and upward, thus forming a throat passage 19b that converges toward its rear end'and communicates at said end with an upright flue l()c that is at free passage for the products of combustion into the boilerfues a; and thence in to the draft chamber 10d. It may here be explained that for the perfect kconsumption of 5.-;

the rear endof the'bo'iler 1-0, and affords a the roducts of combustion that is effected by tie improved apparatus, it is advantageous to combine' a certain proportion of atmospheric air with said gaseous vvapor which may be destitute of oxygen essential for its erfect combustion. To this'end, 'the air in et valve 15i before mentioned, is placed in' upon tlie pipes 15 orlt at any selected point. In operation, a fire is started in the chamber 11on the grate bars 12, 12,- l'reedraft .being. permitted through the hood 15 intotheI stack 10", and also around said hood, the grate 15"l being raised to open a free passage through the hood as is indicated by dotted-A lines in Fig. 5, and itwill lbe obvious that as there are amplc'ai'r passages inl yand between the grate bars 12, the natural draft of the stack will effect a proper initial combustion of the fuel placed on Vthe grate bars, but of course., a'considerable volume of the .valuable constituents of the fuell is lost in the form of uncoiisuiiied particles of carbon known 'as -sinokeA and that is drawn out of' the fire chamber and passes out of the stack.

To create a mechanical draft by use of the improved r`apparatus liereinbefore described, at a proper time the fan 14 is started to ro- .-tate,which will pull the air and waste products of combustion through the iood 15'i that has previouslyr Ybeeiicosed bylowering its gate ordamper 15, the supply of air and gases that are pervaded with carbon v apor l ow through the. conduit pipe 15 into the fan' 14. yThe supply of unbuined carbon vapor controlled by the speed of rotation given to the fan 14. There may be, and preferably is, an admixtnre of hydrocarbon liquid in vaporized condition comming-led with the roducts of combustion passed by the fan 14 'into the, grate bars 12. i To tl1is'end,tlie

t permit a gra( valve 17b is opened a proper degree so as to in combination wi n thel other vapor, pass into the retorts or hollow grate bars 12, the assimilation of the mixed vapors` enriching `chamber 11'l is supplemented in heating n uated amount of kerosene orv other oil to drop m the pipe 16 and thence;

BESTvAVAlLABLE COPY the. gaseous fuel a degree proportioned to the quantity of oil thus fed into the grate bars. The fuel used in the` usual manner in the-fire e'ti'eet by means of the a paratus, as the pull of the fan 14 returns the arger amount ofthe unconsumed carbon or smoke into the fire chamber for combustion. j y

I In further description of the operation, it will be noted that a certain volumev of the gaseous mixture enteringthe hollowvrate bars lltvpasses out of the perforations) in their upper sides,`say one-third of said volume, the

remaining tw.o-thirds of the gaseous fuel passing into the bridge wall 13 through the orifices e2 at the rear ends of the grate bars 12". Ther perforations c and C, respectively formed .iii.1he to,p wallfand rear'side' of"the bridge wall, are`eolhictively about equal in area with therperforations c2 and ythey permit an escape of an equal quantity of the gaseous fuel from each series c and cl for combustion along with the products evolved from burning fuel in the lire chamber.

The lient evolved from the perfect coinbustion of all consumable gaseous vapor thrown oli' from the burning fuel in the fire i chamber by the improved smoke consumer, is greatly intensified thereby, and .any 'of the waste carbon escaping from the fuel burning on the grate bars 12, 12, will pass over the hollow bridge wall 13 into the combustion chamber l5) rearward thereof, thence through the throat 19", into the flue 19" and thence forwardly into and through the fiues a, ac-A cumulating in the forward chamber 1()d from which the fan 14 draws the products of coinbu'stion through the hood 15*I and pi` `15 into the body of said fan, from whic i itis expelled and conveyed through the pipe 16, into the hollow grate bars 12, as before explained.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that the improvement Vwhen a'pu'ied' to a stationary boiler, as hereinbetore described, will effect a complete combustion of the coinbustibie gases evolved but not ordinarily consumed in the fire chamber of the boiler setting, thus effecting a great saving and reduced consumption of fuel f or the. evolu- 1'15 tion of a given pressure of steam in the boiler, the operation beingeontinuous andv under perfect control.

Having described my invention, I claim as new and destre to secure b vktters Patent,- 120 1. A smoke consumer for furnaces, conipi'ising a hollow bridge. wall provided with perforatio'ns atthc rear of the fire chamber, a hollow gra te communicating with the bridge wall, and means for passing the gaseous products of combustion from the fire ,haniber through the grate' into the bridge Wall and thence through jet perforations in said bridge Wall, for combustion while hot. c

2. A smoke consumer for furnaces, coinpaging a nouw-bridge will prvidedfwih perforations at the rear ofv the. lire chamber, aplurality of hollow grate'barsin the fire' chamberand 'oining ther bridge Wall at' their rear ends, an lmeans for roductsof combustion' t e'iire chamwall and t ence out of jet perforationsl in said 'bridge wall,vfor cdmbustion While hot.v

y1o 3. -Asmoke consumer for furnaces,rcomvrisingahollow bridge wallhaving A'et per?" oratio'ns in its reanandto wall, sai ybrid e wallb'e' positioned t t e rear end of t e fire cham A r, a plurality of hollow 'grate-bars `.15 in o n communicationwith the bridge'wall at t eir. rea'r ends,` and means for receiving waste products of combustion from theglraft passage of the furnace andvpassing sald waste I products' through .the hollow grate bars while-v .20 the 4arerhot,and.: thence through the hollow bri getwall .to from 4thejetl perfozjaev forationsinwall andrear side, and.

means forreceivin thewaste products .of t e` draft passage ofthe.-

combustion? from i f and for mixing's'aidiwaste products with airal`id passing themixed air and waste products through the grate bars, part of the 'gaseousfuel passing out of the .perforations 1n the'bars'and the-maximum portion into the bridge {wall and thence through `the per# forations thereinior complete combustion. 40 J5. A smoke consumer for furnaces, com- 1 prising a hollowbridge -wall at the rear Aend of the furnace fire chamber, said bridge wall having a seriesof perforations in its top wall and a series of perforations in its rear wall, :andanupwardly disposed baffle-plate therein, va *series of .hollow perforated .grate bars communicating at their rear ends with the "I front of 'th'ebridge wall, and means for receivi '-thewaste products vof combustion fromniedraft passage ofthe furnace and for said waste products with air., andV passing the mixed air and wastecarbona' ceous vapor through the grate'bars, part of the gaseous fuelpass'mg out o f the perforations 1n said bars and the maximum portion into .the bridge walland thence through the Aperforations therein for complete combustion.

6. A smokeconsurner for furnaces, com.

a hollow v bridge wall at the rear of the urnacefire chamber, said bridge'wall having perforations therein, `a plurality' of hollow grate bars communicating at their rear ends with. the hollow bridge wall, a fan, means adapting .the .fan to draw gaseous waste 'nace vand the gaseous' the hollow rality. of solid grate bars and interposed ol- 1 L `BEST AVAILABLE oPY products from the draft passage of the fursaid 'products into the grate"- b'arsj and' ridge vwall under, ressure, and

means for introducing h drocar on fluid into -the conveying means, or 'mixture,"with the waste products andv forvcvornbusti'pn' there.-A 70 with.

v 47. A- smoke consumer for furnaces'.v coma hollow bridge wall at the rear of the ace fire chamber, said bridge wall having two sets of perforations thereinV and 1an up; right ballep ate for diyidingthe space in t bridge wall,`a plurality of hollow-grate bars l communicat' at their rea'r .ends with the front offt'hebridge walL-a fan,^means for ada ting 'the fan to draw gaseous -A waste 80 vsV pro nots 'from 'the-draft passage of the fui'- .bars and bridge Awa y under' pressure, 'means nace and pass said. roductsinto the grate for introducing hy rbon uid ihhg 'the conveying means, and eans for'introdu 85 air thereinto, the p e of the-fan forcing the mixed waste product, 'hydrocarbon-dui and airinto the grate'bars and' hollow bridge I wall, that highlyv heat vthegaseous fuelfor combustion as it'escafesfrom the perfolao tions in the bridge Wa 8.-',The ycombination with-a 'furnace'fire' chamber of a' Aplurality of-v'solid grate bars therein constructed to'permit the` assage of i air therethrough, a plurality of ho low'grate' 15, barspl'aced between. the-solidgrate bars, a hollow bridge vsall'hav rforati there? in, the rearendsof the ho ow ate ars havf ing openings thatflead into e openings in ceive the products of combustion,v fr ornthe fire c'hamber, and to force thesame through. the grate-bars and hollow bridge. f 9.*The combination. 'with a furx iace firel chamber, a plurality of solid grate bars therein constructed to permit the e of air^ therethrough, a hollow ,bridge wali vhaving perforations therein and locatedat th'e rear ends of the solid grate bars, and a pluralit of hollow. atebarsthat communicate att eil'- endsmth thehollow' brid e wall, of a.- fan adapted ,for suction and lo a hood hung 1n the draft passage of the ceZ a. pipe connectingthe inlet end of theffan with' r the hood,^ and a conveyer pipe\connecting 115 tahe outlet 'from the fan with the hollow grate l-10. The combinatiouwith a. furnace fire, chamber and a draft stack therefor, of a lulow grate bars forming the bottom of the ,fire

chamber, a hollow bridge Wall at the rear end orat'ions.

f said fire chamber, Aha. perf therein, the rear ends ofthe ho low grate bars' communicating with'said bridge Wall, afan,- 125 a hood h in the draftpassage of the fur-` nace, a con uit piple extended from a hood and connecting wit the -inlet gmening'in the l' ridge, and meanswhereby to re- 10dfen,'a. valve in said conduit pipe forintroduc- In testimony whereof I have -signed my l tion of air, a conveyer pipe extended from name to this specification in the presence of the outlet end 'of the fan7 and af hydrocarbon two subscribing Witnesses.

liquid Supply both Connected with the 00n- JOHN DAY NIX. -5 v eyer pipe, said. pipe having a. branch that is Witnesses:

connected with the plurality of hoilow grate .T. OTIS BAKER,

- bers. `JNO. CT JENKINS.

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