US272035A - Smoke and gas consuming furnace - Google Patents

Description

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' G. FARR. v

v SMOKE AND GAS OONSUMING FURNACE.

No. 272,035. Patented Feb. 13,1883.

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G. FARR.

SMOKE AND GAS GONSUMIING FURNACE, -No. 272,035. 4 Patented Feb. 13,1883.

. UNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE FARR, vOF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

SMOKE AND GAS CONSUMING FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 272,035, dated February 13, 1883,

Application filed July 8, 18852.

' marked thereon, which formpart of'this specification.

This invention has for its objects to economize fuel and to preventthe formation ofsmoke in steam-boilers and other furnaces.

The specific objects to be attained by this invention are perfect combustion of thegases arising from the heated fuel in steam-engine andother furnaces for the purpose of preventing smoke and economizingfuel; to retain within such furnaces much of the heat which now passes away to the chimney without producing any usefuleffectj; to arrest a portion of the smoke and gases and mix them with highlyheated air and superheated steam before supplying the mixturecaused thereby to the fur.- nace, and to facilitate the evaporation of steam by an evenly-distributed heat to all the heating-surfaces of the boiler. Heretofore when.

burning fuel for the purpose of generating steam and for other purposes the products of such combustion have been at once carried away by the ordinary pressure of the atmosphere with greater or less rapidity from the furnace through the flues in or around the generator to the chimney or uptake; and it is well known that when generating steam by the methods heretofore practiced there is a very considerable waste of fuel, much of the heat developed by the combustionof the fuel pass.

ing away through the chimney both in an active and latent form. Now, according to my invention, I carry on the combustion of the fuel in the furnace at a higher atmospheric pressure, than the ordinary atmosphere; and by means of my trapping devices and my forced blast I cause the products of combustion to travel from the furnace through the flues at a higher pressure than the ordinary pressure of the atmosphere, and still at the same time (No model.)

retard their escape, by' means of which the gases are made to give up more of their heat than when allowed to pass offin the ordinary way. i

To these ends'my invention consists in the peculiar construction and arrangement of the.

flame-bed ot' furnaces, by means of which I am enabled to heat a large body of air, and in devices for employing this highly-heated air to mix with a portion of the gases passing 0% through the furnace, and also with means for superheating steam, which is employed for forcing, impelling, and exhausting the said portion of the gases from the flame-bed, where: by the combined mixture ofhot gases, highlyheated air, and superheated steam is forced into the primary combustion-chamber under pressure, as before described.

The invention further consists in the construction and'arrangement of inverted bridgewalls or diaphragms arranged in front and rear of bridge-wall proper, and in other details of construction, as will hereinafter more fully appear.

And that my said improvement may be fully i understood, I will now proceed to describe the accompanying drawings hereunto annexed, reference being bad to the letters and figures marked thereon, like letters denoting the like parts in all the figures, which will b'ereferred derived from the air, and be supplied with the l them into mechanical mixture with the highlyheated air and superheated steam, breaking them up into small currents, in order to facilitate the chemical union of said elements, and thus produce a combustible mixture, and to do this in such place and manner as to insure the necessary heat for their combustion.

The means I adopt to secure the above results are shown in the drawings.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a cylindrical boiler mounted over one of my improved furnaces, the furnace being in longitudinal section and exhibiting my severalimprovements. Fig. 2 is a plan View, in horizontal sect-ion, of the furnace with the boiler removed, taken on the line or m of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken on the line y y of Fig. l, plainly showing the smoke and gas induction pipes, their steam-nozzles, and the spark and cinder emptying valves; and Fig. 4t shows a modification of the method of inducing currents of air and gases, and of the means of heating the air and of forcing the combined mixture into the furnace.

A represents an ordinary boiler, and B the furnace; O, the flame chamber; D, the intermediate combustion-chamber, and E the gratebars.

F is the bridge-wall, provided at its top with a rearwardly-projecting lip, G, extending partly over the gas-induction pipes H H. These pipes or flues are flaring at their months for the more ready induction of the gases. They connect with across-pipe, I, attheir lower ends, which conveys the gases, hot air, and superheated steam to the side pipes, J J, and connect also to a pipe, K, which supplies hot air to the mixture. This pipe K, as may be seen at Fig. 2, is somewhat T-shaped in plan view, only slightly curving to adapt it to the natural flow of the air passing through it. It show the branches united to the main air-pipe K.

L shows thesteam-pipe, which'conveys steam to the superheating-ooil M. This superheater heats steam both for exhausting-nozzles ct and for the impeding-nozzles I). The steam from the superheater for supplying the exhaustingnozzles a is conveyed through branch pipe N, winch connectsbyelbow c with a pipe, 01, concentrically arranged in the air, gas, and steam pipe J. The pipe J is also provided with nozzles e, into which steam-nozzles a enter and through which the combined mixture is introduced into the furnace. At thisjunction of the hot-air pipe K with the hot-gas-induction pipe'H will be seen an overhanging lip,f. The object of this lip is to deflect the air downward in the direction of the steam-nozzle.

- This lip falso prevents any dust or cinders to clean out the pipes H H of any cindersthatmay fall into them lrom over the bridge-wall.

Although most of the einders will be deflected off by the lip or hood G, a further use of the valves or dampers O O is that an additional supply of air may be admitted through them, according to the kind of fuel used, as it is well known that some fuel requires more oxygen of atmospheric air than others, or that the air, gases, and steam may require to be modified by an additional supply of cold air direct from the outside. The weights g 9 will automatically retain the Valves in position, and they may be opened by means of rod t.

The supply of air may be controlled by valves on the mouths of airpipes. These valves being in common use, none are shown.

Referring again to the furnace-chambers. 1? represents an inverted bridgewall or diaphragm, which divides the tire-box transversely. This diaphragm is preferably made ofthe best refractory material, and rests upon a pipe, Q, located across thefurnace. This pipe may be perforated forthe supply of air, if desired; and when the fire-box has side water-legs'the pipe may be used for a stay, and also for the circulatlon of water through it. It is obvious that it may be supported by any well-known means. I prefer to incline the diaphragm or partition plate P toward the front of the furnace, for the reason that the heatis greater back of the partition than in front ofit. By this means I exposea larger portion of the boiler to agreater heat than would be the case if the partition were perpendicular; and by this means a greater evaporation of the water into steam takes place. 7

In rear of the bridge-wall and beyond the induction-pipes I arrange a pendent curved partition or diaphragm, R, which I prefer to support byawater-circulatingpipe.m,although it may be supported by any approved means. The objectof this partition is to cause the gases to eddy, and cause them to deflect into the mouths of the gas-induction pipes H HQ The reason of locating it so far from the mouths of the pipes H H is that any sparks, einders, or dust thrown off by the hood G from entering the said pipes will strike the curve of the deflector 1t and fall beyond the mouths of said pipes, and thus partially prevent them from filling up with cinders. The second reason for locating the partition R Where it is, is that the cinders and dust deflected from it fall upon the air and steam pipes, covering them and protecting them from the intense heat passing over them between the top of the bridge-wall and the bottom of partition R.

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The operation is as follows: The fire being into pipes H H from over the bridge-wall. 1-30 Valve n is then opened, which lets steam onto the nozzles a and e, which draws the gaseous mixture from pipes H H J J, and forces them into the front chamber of the fire-box, under the inclined partition, and down on the top surface of the fuel. 'This mixture is then made to mingle again with the'gases arising from the fuel, which is not so hot as the gaseous mixture, which is nearly 1,000 Fahrenheit. These gases thoroughly mix,.and as soon as brought in contact with each other they are ignited and are entirely consumed. The heat and flame thus produced are both impelled and drawn through the burning fuel, and under the front partition, and into and over the incandescent fuel in chamber D, where they receive additional units of heat, the gases becoming more completely burned than before, if possible, so that by the time the flame reaches the flame-chamber 0 there is nothing but pure heat,without smoke or any of the combustible gases.

The above-described process is continuously repeated during the working-hours of the apparatus, or as long'as the steam is let onto the conveying-pipes. When all the fuel is in a state of incandescence, and the gases from the fuel are not voluminous, the flow of steam may be modified by the controlling steamvalves, which also control the supply of air through the pipes.

Other forms of superheaters, and also of induction-pipes, may be used without departing from the spirit of my invention. 1 do not therefore desire to be confined to the exact form or arrangement shown.

I am aware that it is not broadly new to exhaust a portion of the unconsumed gases from the combustion-chamber, nor from the smoke fines of steam-boilers; but- I am not aware that the same means were ever before employed, nor that. the same arrangements were ever before designed, nor that the resultant action was ever before so complete as in the present invention. I do not therefore claim broadly taking waste or escaping gases from the combustion chamber or fluesot steamboilers; but

What Ido claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent-,is--

1. The combination, in a smoke and gas consuming furnace, of the inclined partition, the

curved pendent partition, and the bridge-wall provided with the overhanging lip, with the induction-tubes, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a smoke and gas consuming furnace, the combination of the front and rear pendent partitions, forming combustion' chambers B D and flame-chamber U, the bridge-wall being intermediate of the two, said pendent parti tions, with a smoke and gas induction chamber or fluein rear of said bridge-wall, substantially as described.

3. A smoke and gas consuming furnace consisting of the front combustion-chamber, intermediate combustion chamber, and rear flame-chamber, a smoke and gas conduit, an air-heating conduit, and superheated-steaminjecting nozzles, whereby the combined heated air, superheated steam, and unconsumed hot gases are forced in among the burning fuel, substantially as described. a g

4. The combination, in'a smoke and gas consuming furnace, of the chambers D O, the curved pendent deflector R, bridge-wall F, induction-conduits H H, and air-pipe K, provided with branches k k, and pipe J, substantially as shown and described.

5. The combination, in a smoke-consuming furnace, of the combustion-chamber, the flamechamber, the curved pendent partition B, the bridge-wall provided with the overhan gin g lip G, the smoke and gas ind uction chambers, and the hot-air conduit, with a superheating device and injecting-nozzles, wherebya combined mixture of superheated steam, highly-heated air, and" unconsumed smoke and gases is impelled and exhausted from the flame-chamber and forced into the combustion-chamber in the manner set forth and described.

6. The combination, in a smoke and gas consuming furnace, of the smoke and gas induction conduit or conduits H, the airheatiug conduiirK, having branches k k, the said branches having hood or lipf, the superheater M, side pipes, J J, and impelling and exhausting nozzles a b and gaseous-mixture nozzles e c, all arranged in the manner set forth and described.

7. The combination, with a smoke and gas consuming furnace, of the chambers D and O, the smoke and gas conduits H H, the branched hot-air pipe K k k, and superheater and steam nozzles, the said smoke and gas conduits being provided with valves or dampers 0 0V and weights 9 g, in the manner set forth and described.

8. The combination, in a smoke and gas consuming furnace, of a combustion-chamber, a bridge-wall having an overhanging lip orhood, one or more smoke and gas induction conduits,

hot-air-inducting flues, branched as described,

steam-jet nozzles, a cross-pipe, I, provided with GEORGE FARR.

Witnesses:

0. E. DUFFY, M. P. UALLAN.

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