US596024A - butman - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

' R. BUTMAN. STEAM GENERATOR.

Patented Dec.

(No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet 2. T. R. BUTMAN.

STEAM GENERATOR.

No. 596,024. Patented Dec, 21

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

- T. R. BUTMAN.

STEAM GENERATOR.

Patented Dec. 21, 1897.

4 SheetsSheet 4'.

mm T mm B UN 3% Rm .B Tu

(No Model.)

Patented Dec. 21

LATENT 'FFIQE...

THOMAS REED BUTMAN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO T. H.

BUTMAN, OF SAME PLACE.

STEAM-GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 596,024, dated December 21, 1897.

Application filed April 22, 1897.

specification.

The object of this invention is to secure perfect combustion of fuel in the furnace and apply the results of such combustion to a steam-generator or for other purposes wherein perfect combustion is essential.

In the present invention the combustionchamber is built separately from the generator and preferably in frontlthereof,xthe end of the generator resting upon the masonry forming the rear wall of the furnace. Of course where spaceis an object the generator may be placed over the furnace, and inasmuch as the generator forms no part of my invention I will only refer to it as illustrative of the objects I have in View.

The arrangement of generators with their surfaces exposed immediately to the primary combustion of fuel has a chilling effect on said combustion, inasmuch as the usual heat of an ordinary fire is 1,000, the heat necessary for ignition being about 800. At a lower temperature combustion ceases. Steam at sixty pounds pressure has a temperature of about 295 and at one hundred pounds 320. Hence the temperature of the water-surfaces of ordinary steam-generators is from 400 to 500 at least below that necessary point for ignition. Consequently smoke is formed and either deposited in the formv of soot on the sides of the boiler or is carried out of the chimney and therefore wasted. For remedying these defects in the present practice of the use of fuel for the production of steam I propose, first, to protect the vapors rising from the fuel from all cooling-surfaces, so far as practicable, until after combustion is complete; secondly,'to secure ample space and Serial No. 633,267. (No mean.)

time for that thorough admixture of elements necessary for the chemical combustion of the bulky vapors inseparably connected with the process of combustion; thirdly, to apply the vapors and gases arising from combustion to the generator only after combustion is complete; fourth, to thoroughly heat the air and mix itwith dry steam before it is admitted to the combustion-chamber, and, fifth, to so distribute the mixed air and steam in such manner that they meet'the gases and other products of combustion rising from the fuel,

' by which complete combustion of the mass is secured.

In constructing my improved furnace the grate is set in the usual manner. The side walls instead of being solid are hollow, in which are formed hot-air and steam mixing chambers both above and below the grate and in which are placed air and steam con Veying tubes andpassages leading into small apertures and into the fire-chamber above the bed of fuel.

In single furnaces the air-ducts face each other, and in twin furnaces the ducts from each side face the ducts from the central wall. In this way the products of combustion as they rise from the fuel are met by a cross-fireof jets of superheated steam and' air, thus making a complete combining of all the products of the fuel that combine to make combustion perfect.

Over the grate and continuing over the bridge-wall and from the side walls of the furnace I spring an arch made of refractory material and resting on the side walls and which forms the crown of the furnace, and over this arch a fiat or other shaped Wall properly supported by side walls and T-irons.

Between the arch and side and top walls I form air-chambers, into which air is freely admitted, and by means of baffle-plates the air is made to circulate and thus become highly heated. After the air is thus heated it is drawn, by means of steam-jets, down to the air-chambers in the side walls and through proper ducts formed in said side walls for the purpose. This air, heated as described, in the arch is mixed with steam in the side-wall chambers. The mixture becomes superheated, and in this manner under more or less pressure is fed to the furnace, as above described. Thecalorific efiect is readily discernible.

The crown-arch and bridge-wall, which are now intensely heated, form the throat of the furnace, which throat is slightly raised above the series of jets in such manner as that the gaseous products of combustion must pass through and be subjected to said jets on their passage before entering said throat. Thus any unconsumed products rising from the bed of fuel are instantly consumed and converted into an intense heat, and thus a volume of clear heat passes directly to the generator.

Having thus pointed out the defects I wish to remedy and a few of the advantages, my invention consists in the construction of the arch formed by the covering-walls, the hotair or calorific chambers in the side walls and in steam-conduits, and in other features of the invention,as will be hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation of an ordinary boiler front and setting, showing the steam-pipes leading to the air-chambers. Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section of the furnace and a part of the tubular steamgenerator. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional elevation of a twin furnace, taken on a line through one of the air-chambers and clearly showing the division-wall; and Fig. 4, a longitudinal vertical section of a single furnace, also taken on a line through the base of the air-heating chambers.

The same letters indicate like parts in all the figures.

A in Fig. 1 is the steam-pipe leading from the steam-space of the boiler and provided with branches at a a, leading to the jet-pipes in the hot-air chambers. These branches are provided with suitable valves 1) Z) I).

B is the furnace-chamber or fire-box, provided with the arch C, rising from and resting on side walls D, and E is the top or covering, which may be constructed of ordinary brick or other suitable material. The arch O is of course built of suitable refractory material. Between the top of the arch and the cover E, I form an air-heating chamber preferably of the contour formed by the masonry, and in this overhead hot-air chamber I arrange baffle-plates c, which makes the air take a circuitous route and thus held longer in contact with the heating-surface. The air may be admitted from the side of the furnacesetting into the upper heating-chamber at any convenient point.

G G G are the hot-air chambers in the hollow walls of the furnace and are sufficient to hold a large quantity of air. By storing air in this manner in quantity the friction of its passage is lessened and therefore takes less force of steam to force it into the furnace. The air, too, has time to heat before its mixture with the steam, and by that means no condensation of the steam takes place. Be-

sides, the expansion of the air by heat will assist in forcing it out with the steam into the interstices or ducts f f fin the side of the fur- The air passes from the upper heatingchamber through conduits formed in the walls of the furnace to the hot-air chambers.

F are pipe-sections provided with a flange g, by which they are suspended in the airchamber G, the body of which is of less diameter than the neck of the air-chamber, and thus the air is additionally heated before its entry to the ducts of the furnace. From the lower end of F a series of deflectors h h h are suspended and are in the form of nozzles. The steam-jets 'i 11 tempty into these nozzles, and by their conical shape the steam and air pass through them together and become mingled, and as the mixture passes up the pipe I they are further mixed before entering the ducts or orifices leading into the fire-box or furnace.

The construction of the air-boxes G G G is such that the friction of the air, as before stated, is so reduced that a very small jet of steam produces the current, and to prevent the jets becoming closed by particles of scale (if iron) detached from the pipes I use brass tubing from the furnace-fronts to the jets, and

where the brass tubing is connected to the iron pipe on the outside leading from the boiler I use a special brass union with a strainer-sieve in same. Thus no foreign matter, scales, or the like can enter to choke up the mouth of the discharge-orifices in the fire-box.

Just over pipe F and resting thereon I 10- cate the flaring-mouth nozzles H H II, preferably conoidal in shape, having fiat thin orifices, as seen at t" 11 t, Fig. 2, and in section at f in the other figures, the steam and air passing from them in the form of a fantail sheet, very thin but broad, by which the gases rising from the combustible matter become intimately mixed with the steam and air from said orifices.

In a single furnace the nozzles H II H are just half what the nozzles are as compared with the central-wall double-mouthed nozzle. These nozzles, pipes, and cone form the gist of my invention.

Immediately in front of the conical nozzles for the discharge of the air and steam I place liners I I I, (which are also made of refractory material.) These liners are removable and are for the purpose of protecting the nozzles from the extreme heat of incandescent fuel. They are provided with grooves to receive the lip or flange of the conical nozzles H, and by making them removable they can be renewed when burned out. Suitable doors (not shown) or openings are provided for ready access to those parts secured in the ma sonry.

It is obvious with slight modifications this construction may be readily adapted to various types of boilers and also to burn refuse.

It is also obvious that with this furnace from the chimney, that the maximum of heat is obtained from a minimum amount of fuel, and that a large volume of heated air is supplied with a small quantity of steam.

' Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. The combination in a boiler-furnace of the side hollow walls, the arch extending from and resting upon said walls, the top or cover over the arch forming a heating-chamber, the baffle-plate in said chamber for the circulation of air, whereby it is heated to a greater extent,and the conduit leading from said chamber to the hollow. walls, substantially as described.

2. A furnace for steam-generators or other purposes consisting of the arch, the hollow side Walls having hot-air chambers, the suspended pipes forming conduits for conveying combined air and steam to the'furnace, and

the flaring-mouth nozzles substantially as described.

-3. The combination in a steam-boiler furnace, of the hollow walls forming enlarged air-heating chambers, and having an upwardly-extending neck, the suspended pipe smaller in diameter than said neck, and the flaring-mouth conical nozzle having fantailshaped orifices, substantially as described.

4:. The combination in a furnace having hollow walls forming air-heating chambers, the suspended pipes and conical-shaped nozzles, two or more nozzles suspended from said pipe, and a steam-jet pipe opening into said nozzles whereby the steam-jet forces the air into the suspended pipe and through it to the furnace, as set forth.

5. A steam-boiler furnace for the more perfect combustion of fuel consisting of the hollow walls forming air-heating chambers, the arch resting on said walls, the hot-air chamber above said arch, the conduits leadingto the hollow-wall chambers from said overhead chamber, the suspended pipes in said hollow walls, the nozzles forming orifices leading into the furnace-chamber and means for supplying steam and hot air to said orifices, substantially as set forth.

6. As an article of manufacture the sus pended pipe having flanges, the flaring conical-mouthed nozzle adapted to lead to the furnace and secured to said suspended pipe at its upper end, the mixing-nozzles suspended to the lower end of said pipe, and the steam brass extensions leading to the lastnamed nozzles, as set forth.

7. The combination in a boiler-furnace, of the hollow walls, the suspended pipe having flanges, the flaring-mouthed conical nozzles resting on said flanges, and the removable and renewable liners to which are secured saidv pipes and nozzles, substantially as set forth. Y

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

THOMAS REED BUTMAN.

WVitnesses:

T. H. BUTMAN, J. E. ENGLAND.

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