US1114113A - Heat generation. - Google Patents

Description

Patented 00's. 20, NH4

3 SHEETSSHBETI J. P. UOLE.

HEAT GENERATION.

APPLICATION FILED APRJZ, 1911. L l l 4, 1 1 3.

IIIIIII lill J. P. COLE.

HEAT GENERATION.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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APPLICATION FILED APBJZ, 1911.

Patented 0013.120,

a SHEETS-SHEET a.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES P. COLE, OF GLENVIEW, ILLINOIS.

HEAT GENERATION.

Specication of4 Letters Patent.

Application led April 12, 1911.

Patented Oct. 20, 1914.-. Serial N o. 620,708.

To all-whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, JAMES P. COLE, a resident of- Glenview, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heat Generation, of which the following is a full, clear and exact description.

The invention relates to heat generation, for example, such as may be utilized in steam-boilers.

Heretofore attempt has been made to burn lignite for generating steam in locomotiveboilers, but it has been foundl in practice, that elimination of the moisture in the lignite, either in the combustion-chamber, or even before, would cause the lignite to disintegrate or break up into small pieces or flakes, which, owing to its comparatively light specific gravity, would be carried by the draft out of the combustion-chamber and through the chimney or stack, from which.

it would issue before combustion had been completed, and therefore these burning pieces or Hakes would cause damage by fire. For this reason, lignite has not been regarded as safe fuel in locomotive-boilers,` in which a forced draft is usually used. Furthermore a considerable percentage of the disintegrated lignite would fall through the grates of the fire box before it was consumed and for that reason a considerable loss in economy resulted.

The present invention designs primarily, to provide' an improved furnace for heat generation mainly from pulverized lignite or similar material, which will be economical in result, because all portions of the combustible constituents of the lignite will be consumed before the products of combustion reach the stack, thereby avoiding all danger of fire resulting from large burning sparks being carried through the boiler and issuing from the stack.

The invention designs to provide a furnace for the use of pulverized fuel, such as lignite, with means for conducting the u1- verized fuel to the combustion cham er,

a new and improved furnace for the'use of pulverized lignite or similar material.

In the drawings which exemplify an apparatus for carrying out the improved method; Figure 1 is a central vertical section through a locomotive boiler equipped for the combustion of pulverized lignite or other fuel. Fig. 2 is a section taken on line 2 -2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a section taken on line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. l is a'horizontal section taken on line 4.-4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of the boiler. Fig. 6 is a section throughthe carbureter. Fig. 7 is a detail showing the injectors for the pulyerized fuel and air. Fig. 8 is a detail showmg the gas-inlet kand steam-injectors. Fig. 9 1s a detail of the pulverized fuel-supply.

The improved furnace comprises a boiler 15 equipped as usual with a steam dome 16, a smoke arch 17, a stack 18, front and rear flue sheets 19 and 20 and a crown-sheet 21. A combustion-chamber is provided at the rear of the boiler, and is divided horizontally, by a series of fire-brick arches 22 and vertically, by Walls 23 which sub-divide the spaces between the arches into longitudinal passages or lues 23a. Arches 22 are formed with holes 24 which permit the gases to pass upwardly through the arches, and a chamber 25 is formed between the upper arch 22 and the crown-sheet 21. The front of the combustion-chamber is formed by a rearwardly arched wall 26, which is built against an inwardly extending channel strip or ring 27. A chamber 28 is formed between the rear flue-sheet 2O and wall 26. Ports 29 conduct the gases from the combustion chamber of the box re to the chamber 28.

Previously pulverized lignite or similar fuel is taken from the supply hopper 30, and passes in regulated quantity, under control of a valve 31, to a ipe 32. A jet 33 con-Y nected to a source of) compressed air, forces the pulverized fuel through pipe 32 and through nozzles 33', and supplemental air jets 34; aid in drawing the pulverized fuel through ,pipe 32 and in forcing the fuel into ducts 3 5 which extend longitudinally through the twol upper series of Walls 23. Laterally extending openings 36, in said walls direct the pulverized fuel and air into the chambers 23. The pulverized fuel is de# livered tothe upper series of ducts, so that the as su plied t0 the combustion-chamber at a ower' 'level will rise and mingle with the air and pulverized fuel in transit through the upper chambers 23a and will aid in keeping the pulverized fuel in suspension and circulation. Valves 38 and 39 control the volume of air ysupplied to the combustionchamber and serve to regulate the supply of air, for thorough combustion.

A carbureter 40, adapted to contain a supply of crude oil, is secured to the wall 41 of the fire-box so that the oil therein will be kept at a suitable temperature for vaporization b heat radiating from the back of the reox. Insulation 43 extends around th'e exposed portion of the carbureter. Oil, in regulated quantity, is supplied to the carbureter by a suitable pump (not'shown). A ipe 45 extends through the oil in the car ureter and a nozzle 46, connected to the steam-supply directs a jet of steam through said pipe to draw the vapor or gas formed in the carbureter through pipe 45. A perforated plate or wall 47 extends across the chamber in the earbureter in the top thereof and the vapor is drawn through the perforations in said plate.

A pipe 48 is connected to the lower end of pipe 45 and conducts the gas and steam t0 a series of injectors 49 which direct the steam and gas 4into longitudinal ducts 50 formed respectively in the walls 23 between the three lowerl arches in the combustionchamber, and openings 51 extend laterally from said ducts to chambers or iues 52, from'which the gases pass through transverse ducts 53 to the; chambers or flues 23. Valves 54 serve to regulate the volume of gas and steam supplied to the combustionchamber. Thus, gas and steam will be injeeted into the lower flues 52 of the compartments of combustion-chamber, and pul- .Verized lignite-and air, with the lignite in suspension, will be forced to circulate through the upper chambers 23a of the fire box. Burning gas will pass upwardly from chambers or flues 52 .through the openings in walls 22, and into the chamber 23a in which the pulverized fuel is in suspension and through which it circulates. The gas will keep the fire-box and its walls therein hot, and will ignite and mingle with the pulverized fuel, and the resultant mixture, will pass through openings 24 in the uppermost arch wall 22 and also through opening 29 in wall 26, to the chamber 28 and thence in transit through the combustion-chamber. The ignited gases and fuel will come in contact with the crown-sheet and walls of the fire-box, so that the water in this section of the boiler will be heated thereby. The ignited gases and fuel, after passing into chamber 28 will pass through the ilues of the boiler to the smoke-arch 17 andthence to the stack. In transit through the boilerfines the heat-units of the fuel will be transferred to the water surrounding the flues and the fuel will be fully consumed b the time the lproducts of combustion reaci the stack.

A desideratum in steam-generation, is to avoid, so far as possible, the use of excessive quantity of oil or oil gas because of their destructive effect on the ilues, flue sheets and walls of the fire-box. of gas is supplied to the {ire-box merely suflicient to insure combustion of the lignite, and a maximum of the pulverized lignite or fuel; say from 5 to 20 per cent. of gas, and 80 to 95 per cent. of pulverized fuel, with suflicient oxygen carrying this ulverized fuel in suspension, and this supply will result in thorough combustion of the fuel and there will be substantially no unconsumed powder issuing from the stack.

Beneath the lower arch-wall 22, is formed an ash-pit which is adapted to receive the ashes which do not pass through the lines to the stack. The bottom of the ash-pit is formed by pivoted members 60, of iirc tile, which, when closed, will prevent the fuel from falling through the ash-pit and will also prevent excessive admission of cold air to the fire box.

The furnace thus described, exemplifies one for heat-generation by the use of pulverized or reduced lignite or other similar fuel delivered in suspension, into the combustionchamber with suicient air to supply the oxygen necessary for combustion; with a comparatively small volume of gas delivered into the combustion chamber by and with steam; the gas'suicing to heat the walls of the fire-box, and cemmingling with the powdered fuel in suspension in the combustlon-chamber to form a highly combustible mixture causing the pulverized fuel to be thoronghhr consumed so the heat units will be transferred to the water in the boiler and so that all the heat units will he substantially and completely extracted before the products of combustion issue from the stack. In this manner the invention provides a furnace for utilizing lignite in heatgeneratlon economically and without danger of re due to pieces of ignited fuel passing out of the stack. This furnace effects advantageous generation of heat from lignite and makes its consumption a practical and commercial success, by reason of its being pulverized or reduced to small particles, and by use of a comparatively small quantity of gas or combustion vapor derived from gas or oil. A decided advantage of the furnace 1s the generation of heat controlled at will ,by regulation of the supply of pulverized fuel and air, as well as gas and steam. The generation may be regulated and be continuously maintained to uniformly heat a body of water in the boiler so that the heat-generation and supply of steam will be constant A minimum amount v ues and extending etween them, means for delivering pulverized fuel in suspension to said flues, and means for .supplying glas4 minnie ,and uniform. Furthermore the improved furnace provides for thoroughly co-ming-1 ling the gases and pulverized fuel by cans ing them to pass in an irregular course and retaiding them so that the pulverized fuel gill be incandescent when it passes intc the ues.

The invention is not to be understood asA restricted to the specific feature of this furnace, as set forth, but may be varied vWithin the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit or the scope of the invention.

Having thus described the invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. In a furnace, the combination of a combustion chamber having vertically and laterally extending Walls dividing the chamber into a series of combustion iiues, means for Idelivering pulverized fuel in suspension to said fines, and means for supplying gas to said fines.

2. In a furnace, the combination of a combustion chamber havi refractory walls extending vertically an laterally to divide the combustion chamber into a series of fines, means for-delivering pulverized fuel in suspension to said fines, and means for supplying gas to said fines.

3. In a furnace, the combination of a combustion chamber havino refractory walls extending vertically and laterally to divide the combustion chamber into a series of dues, said Walls havin ducts leading to said to said fines.

3. In a furnace, the combination lof a comi-'i 0 and later-l viding t e chamberi bastion chamber having vertically and laterl (pulver-ized fuel in suspensionA to flues, other tlues for combustible ally extending walls dividing ythe chamber intol a series of combustion iues, means for delivering pulverizedfuel in suspension to said fines, a chamber adjacent one end of said combustion chamber to which the products of combustion ass, and means for supu Y plying gas to said ues.

6. In a furnace, the combination of a cornm bustion chamber havin verticaliy and later-V- ally extending Walls .60' viding the chamber into a series of combustion iiues, means fer delivering pulverized fuel 1n suspension to said fines, a, chamber in the combustion chamber above 'the top of said iues to which the products of combustion pass, and means for supplying gas to said fines.v

7 In a furnace, the combinationof a combustion chamber havin verticali ally .extending walls ividing t e chamber into a series of combustion iiues, means for delivering pulverized fuel in suspension te said' dues,I a chamber in the combustion' chamber yat the to of the iue and -a cham-a ber at the end of t e ii'ues to which the products of combustion pass in the chamber above vthe fines, and means for supplying combustible gas to said ues.

and later-l 8. In a furnace, the combination of a 'comy bustion chamber having refractory walls extending vertically and laterally to divide the combustion chamber into a series of lues, means for delivering pulverized fuel in sus pension to some of said fines, means for de livering steam and gas to other of the flues, and ducts between the gas flues and the flues to 'which the pulverized fuel is delivered.

9. In a furnace, thel combination of a combustion chamber havin verticall and laterally extending walls ividing t e chamber into a series of iues, means for delivering pulverized fuelA in suspension to some of the fines of said chamber, means for suppl ing as and steam/to otherof the fines, ucts etween said iues'and a chamber to which the burningY fuel will pass.

JAMES P. coma iitnesses: y i

'- vFammi W. Banu, AMY Jamin.-

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