US338113A - Steam-boiler - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

H. SPENCE.

STEAM BOILEB..

Patented Mar. 16, 1886.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HAMILTON SPENCE, OF MINNEAPOLIS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO DENZEL W. DAVIS, OF HASTINGS, MINNESOTA.

STEAM-BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 338,1l3 dated March 16I 1886.

Application filed June 6, 1885. Serial No. 167,902. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, HAMILTON SPENCE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Minneapolis, in the county of Hennepin and State of Minnesota, have invented certain Improvementsin Steam-Boilers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates more particularly to improvements in locomotive boilers, though applicable to any horizontal boilers; and the objects of my invention are to obtain a nearly perfect combustion of the soft coal or wood used as fuel, and, by drawing the products of combustion away from the furnace through the tubes of the boiler at a less rapid rate than is usually done, to radiate more heat from the tubes to the water in the boiler, and at the same time to lessen the injury to the tubes; to increase the steam-producing qualities of the boiler by introducing the feed-water at the point where the heat makes its final exit from the boiler 5 to provide a separate settlingchamber in the boiler.

To the above ends my invention consists in the construction and combination of devices hereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a longitudinal section of a locomotive-boiler embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is-a section on line .fr :t of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section on line 1/ yof Fig. l. Fig. 4 is a detail view showing the manner of applying a part of my improvements to an ordinary boiler.

In the drawings, A represents the shell of the boiler. B represents the fire-box; C, the grate; D, the ash-pan; E, the lower portion of the smoke-stack, and J the smoke-box. The shell of the boiler preferably tapers, being slightly greater at the back tube-sheet than at the forward tube-sheet, for a purpose hereinafter stated. A horizontal partition, F, eX- tends from the back tube-sheet nearly to the forward tube-sheet, being secured in position by any suitable means. This partition has also a suitable extension passing to the mudring between the walls of the fire-box and the shell of the boiler, preferably on about the 5o line of the arch K.

G represents a series of directtubes extending through the boiler' above the partition F, and H represent-sia series of return-tubes extending through the boiler below the partition F. The exit ends of tubes H open into a space between the back tube-sheet and a cast-iron lining, I.

K represents an arch, formed, preferably, as a water-leg, attached to the back tube-sheet immediately above the partition F, the taper 6c in the boiler affording sufficient space for the water-leg between the partition and the lower row of tubes, G. This water-leg extends to the ash-pan D, and has a number of tubes, k, extending through it and opening into the lire-box. The upper end of the lining I fits closely under the curved part of the arch K. The feed-pipe a opens into the boiler below partition F and near the exit end of the returniues H. 7

L represents a suction-fan, arranged,prefer` ably, beneath the shell of the boi-ler, and connected by a pipe, L', with the space back of the lining I. From this fan extends a second pipe, L2, that opens into the ash-pan D be- 7` neath grate C. A vertical pipe, L3, branches off from pipe L, and a damper, Z, is arranged at the lower end of pipe L, so that it may either close that pipe or may be swung into a vertical position to close the pipe Ll. S

M represents a blast-fau, that is also preferably arranged beneath the shell of the boiler, and is provided with a pipe, M', that opens into the ash-pan D.

d represents a hinged damper arranged to 8 either close or partially close the opening into the ash-pan, and e is a damper in the lower end of the smoke-stack.

O represents the forward part of the leg of the boiler. g P represents the exhaust-steam pipe in the smoke-box.

The fan-blower M introduces a supply of fresh air to the ashpan, from which it passes through the grate C and the arch K to the g fire-box, thereby furnishing the oxygen necessary for the combustion of the fuel. The products of combustion pass from the fire-box through the upper or direct ues into the vsmoke-box J, from which they are drawn by 1 the fan L through the lower or return flues, II, and pipe L Vto the fan. From the fan they pass into the pipe L2. Zhen the pipe L' is closed by damper Z, they pass into the exitpipe L3 and are discharged. Vhen the pipe L is closed by damper Z, the products of combustion are passed through the pipe L2 into the ash-pan, where they mingle with the air from the fan M and pass into the fire-box, where all. of the combustible gases are consumed.

In burning soft coal and wood,whenever a fresh supply of fuel is added to the fire, a large amount of black smoke is thrown out from the chimney or smoke-stack, and this is more especially so when the fuel is thrown in on top of the fire in the furnace or smoke-boX.

In using` this boiler, the dampersc and Z being closed, when a fresh supply of fuel is added, the smoke and unconsumed gases are drawn through the return-tubes H and introduced to the ash-pan, and being passed into the tire-box with the air from fan M they come in contact with the incandescent fuel, and all ofthe combustible gases are consumed. After the fan has been operated in this manner for a time the pipe L"s is opened, and the carbonic-acid gas is drawn out and expelled from the furnace. VhiIe the fan L is being operated to return the products of combustion to the ash-pan, if the damper d be partially opened, a portion of the carbonic-acid gas returned to lhe ash-pan will, owingtoits greater spccic gravity, settle to thelower part of the ash-pan and pass out through the damper d, from which it may be conducted by any suitable means. The fan M supplies the air necessary for combustion, as stated, but it is necessary to use in addition thereto some means for drawing off the products of combustion. It is usual in operating boilers of this class to exhaust the steam into the smokeboX, and thereby to create a strong draft that draws the products of combustion from the furnace, and draws the air necessary for combustion through the ash-pan and the fuel on the grate. In order that the latter result may be obtained, it is necessary that the draft created be very strong; and this strong draft carries oiffrom the furnace a large amount of unconsumed combustible gases. To avoid thisI make use of the fan M for introducing air to the re-box, but do not create a blast strong enough to drive off the products of combustion. For the latter purpose I provide means for creating a suction through the boiler-tubes that is suiiicient to draw oft' the products of combustion, but not enough to affect the draft of the furnace. I have described the fan Las a preferable means for this purpose. In some instances it may be desirable to use other means for this purpose. In the construction shown the damper c may be opened, and then by exhausting steam through the pipe P the products of combustion will be drawn off bythe suction created. 1 In either instance,

whether the fan or the exhaust be used to remove the products of combustion, the suction created is just sufficient to draw off the products of combustion.

When the steam-exhaust is used instead of fan L, the return-iiues I-I will not be used but a portion of the lining I is constructed to turn on a pivot, forming a damper, t', that Inay be turned to a horizontal position, as shown in Figs. l and 4. Apart of the products of combustion will then pass through the openings k in the arch K, and through the opening in lining I, and then through the tubes H, which then serve as direct tubes. The feed-water enters the boiler at a point near the exit end of the tubes H, where the heat is least, and the water passes along the lower compartmentvof the boiler and enters the upper compartment at the opposite end of the horizontal partition F, and then passes along in the upper compartment, its course from the point where it enters the boiler being in the opposite direction from the course of the products of combustion in the tubes of the boiler, and thereby the water in the lower compartment becomes first gradually heated before it mingles with the highly-heated water in the upper compartment. The lower compartment forms a settling-chamber, in which all scale-forming impurities are precipitated and deposited, so that incrustation of the boiler is prevented. The water in the lower compartment is heated hot enough to part with all foreign matter held in solution, and as in this part of the boiler the tubes are not hot enough to pick it up and burn it onto them, it is deposited in the bottom of the boiler in the form of sediment, from which it can be blown out in the usual way.

In Fig. 4t I have shown an ordinary form of boiler and the manner of applying the fanblowers thereto. In this instance the arch K is formed of brick, and has openings k, as in the other construction. rlhe tubes below the top of the arch serve as return-flues, and the fans are connected with these tubes andwith the ash-pan, as in the construction shown in Fig. l.

The partition F may be used or not, and when this form of arch is employed the shell of the boiler may be cylindrical.

The motion of the fans will preferably be obtained from a separate engine employed for that purpose, so that their motion will be independent of the motion of the main engine.

I claim as my inventionl. The combination, in a boiler, with the fan M and a pipe extending from said fan to the ash-pan, whereby air is constantly supplied beneath the grate, of the fan L, means connecting said fan with the smoke-box, a

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pipe, L2, extending from said fan to the ashpan, a pipe, L3, and a damper, Z, arranged to close either the pipe L3 or the pipe L2, where by the products of combustion are returned beneath the grate and mingled with the air supplied byfan M, or are discharged through the pipe L3, all substantially as described,and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination, in a boiler, with the direct tubes G and the return-tubes H, located below said direct tubes, of the fan L and means connecting said fan with the exit ends of said return-tribes, all substantially as described.

3. The combination, in a boiler, with the direct tubes G and the return-tubes H,located below said direct tubes, of the fan L, means connecting said fan with said return-tubes, a pipe, L, connecting said fan with the ash-pan D, the pipe L3, and damper Z, said damper being arranged to close either the pipe L2 or the pipe L3, all substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination, in a boiler, with the ash-pan, fire-box, and flues thereof, of a fan, L, means connecting said fan with the fines, a pipe, L2, connecting said fan with the ashpan, a pipe, L3, and damper l, said damper being arranged to close either the pipe L2 or the pipe L, whereby the products of combustion are drawn from the boiler-dues and returned to the ash-pan or discharged through pipe L3, substantially as described.

5. rIhe combination, with the ash-pan D, having damper d, re-box B, ilues G and H, damper e, and exhaust l?, of the fan L, means for connecting said fan with the flues H, pipes L2 and L3, damper Z, fan M, and pipe M', all substantially as described.

6. The combination, with the boiler having tubes G and H, of the arch K, lining I, pipe L', andl fan L, all substantially as described.

7. The combination, in a boiler having tubes G and H, of the arch K,having openings k, the lining I, having damper i, the exhaust I, damper e, fan L, and pipe L', all substantially as described.

8. The combination, in a boiler, of the direct tubes G, smoke-box J, return-tubes H, partition F, and feed-pipe a, located near the exit end of said tubes H, as described, and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 2d day of June, 1885.

AMAsA C. PAUL, C. N. DICKEY.

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