US6531288B1 - Methods to identify compounds that affect the expression level of the syntaxin-1 A encoding gene - Google Patents

Methods to identify compounds that affect the expression level of the syntaxin-1 A encoding gene Download PDF

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US6531288B1
US6531288B1 US09/688,295 US68829500A US6531288B1 US 6531288 B1 US6531288 B1 US 6531288B1 US 68829500 A US68829500 A US 68829500A US 6531288 B1 US6531288 B1 US 6531288B1
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peptide
amino acid
plmf
seq
sequence
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Terrance P. Snutch
John McRory
Kathy G. Sutton
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University of British Columbia
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6872—Intracellular protein regulatory factors and their receptors, e.g. including ion channels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
    • G01N2333/705—Assays involving receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • G01N2333/70571—Assays involving receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants for neuromediators, e.g. serotonin receptor, dopamine receptor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value
    • G01N2500/04—Screening involving studying the effect of compounds C directly on molecule A (e.g. C are potential ligands for a receptor A, or potential substrates for an enzyme A)

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of neural transmission and drug discovery.
  • the conditions surrounding the transmission of signals through neuronal networks clearly affects a variety of physiological responses, including perception of pain, learning, memory, and the like. Modulation of the level of neural transmission and the condition of the presynaptic environment have profound physiological effects, primarily within the nervous system.
  • the primary calcium ion channels that effect neural transmission are these N and P/Q type channels.
  • P/Q type channels have been implicated mostly in the presynaptic terminals of the central nervous system (CNS) while the N type channels appear to dominate in the peripheral nervous system.
  • CNS central nervous system
  • P/Q type channels are particularly important in CNS functions such as memory and pain.
  • Calcium ion channels in general are composed of ⁇ 1 subunits which ⁇ 1 subunits are optionally coupled with additional subunits, but can function alone.
  • N type channels are comprised of ⁇ 1B subunits while P/Q channels are composed of ⁇ 1A subunits.
  • ⁇ 1A subunit contains a sequence which binds to the known protein Homer which is described in articles by Xiao, B., et al., Cur. Opinion in Neurobiol . (2000) 10:370-374 and by Tu, J. C., et al., Neuron (1998) 21:717-726. The disclosures of these articles are incorporated herein by reference. As shown in these articles, the Homer protein binds to a multiplicity of targets which are important in signaling and neurotransmission. A consensus sequence which is proline rich is also described.
  • the invention resides in the identification of a peptide region specific to the P/Q calcium ion channel that is responsible for the cascade of events that results in expression of the gene encoding syntaxin-1A.
  • this peptide in screening assays permits identification of compounds that can be used to regulate the levels of syntaxin-1A available in the presynaptic region and thus modulate such functions as learning, memory and pain.
  • calcium flow through the P/Q ion channel specifically effects the expression of the gene encoding syntaxin in model cell systems and in neuronal cells per se. It has now been found that a specific 4-amino acid sequence approximately 200 amino acids from the C terminus of the P/Q calcium ion channel is the site for interaction of this channel with Homer, a protein known to affect intracellular calcium ion stores, and this interaction is essential for the ability of the P/Q calcium ion channel to effect the expression of the syntaxin-1A encoding gene.
  • the invention is directed to a method to identify compounds that affect central nervous system function, such as learning and memory, which method comprises contacting a candidate compound with a peptide that comprises the binding site for Homer which resides proximal to the carboxy terminus of the P/Q calcium ion channel and determining whether said compound binds to said peptide.
  • Compounds that bind to this peptide are identified as compounds that affect central nervous system (CNS) function.
  • This screening assay can be conducted in a straightforward manner by simply assessing the ability of the compound to bind. More commonly, the ability of the candidate compound to inhibit the binding of a ligand known to bind the peptide, including the ability of Homer to so bind, can be used to assess said binding.
  • the invention is directed to a peptide comprising the sequence of the binding site flanked by additional amino acids, typically those which flank the binding site in the native ion channel, and to antibiotics that are immunospecific for this region.
  • the invention is directed to the compounds so identified and to methods to modulate CNS function using these compounds.
  • syntaxin-1A a presynaptic protein that plays a central role in mediating vesicle docking, fusion and neurotransmitter release.
  • syntaxin-1A a presynaptic protein that plays a central role in mediating vesicle docking, fusion and neurotransmitter release.
  • the initial calcium ion signal is amplified through calcium ion from intracellular stores and acts via phosphorylation that is dependent on a number of cofactors including CaMK II/IV, PKA, and MAPKK.
  • syntaxin-1A interacts with P/Q type calcium ion channels to decrease channel availability, the expression of the gene encoding syntaxin-1A is regulated by an activity-dependent feedback pathway.
  • the target peptide is produced recombinantly in suitable host cells and displayed at the surface of said host cells or is coupled to a solid support.
  • Such coupling may be covalent coupling or may be achieved through non-covalent adsorption, such as, for example, by providing a histidine tag and associating the resulting fusion protein to a solid support through a metal chelate.
  • a wide variety of methods for providing an assayable form of the peptide is known in the art. Indeed, as the required peptide is relatively short, direct synthesis on a solid support is one convenient way of providing this peptide.
  • the specific site required for binding is the four amino acid sequence PLMF.
  • additional amino acid sequence at one or both of the N and C terminus of this tetrapeptide.
  • Preferred embodiments for such additional amino acid sequence are the sequences present in the native ion channels. Typically, sequences extending 20 amino acids upstream and/or downstream, more preferably 15 amino acids upstream and/or downstream, or even 10 or 5 or 2 amino acids of the sequences upstream and/or downstream of the required tetrapeptide are employed.
  • sequence containing the tetrapeptide with the tetrapeptide itself in bolded and underlined types is as follows:
  • This sequence is derived from one allele encoding a human P/Q type calcium channel. It is understood that similar sequences are included in the corresponding P/Q channels of other mammalian species, and peptides derived from these species as well as from allelic variants of the sequence shown above may be used in the method of the invention. In general, it is preferred to utilize peptides containing sequence derived from the above-shown sequence which are at least 90% homologous, preferably 95% homologous, more preferably 97% homologous and more preferably 99% homologous with the sequence shown above, or a fragment thereof as long the required tetrapeptide is included.
  • Such “ligands” would include antibodies specific to this epitope, including antibodies in the various forms, such as single-chain Fv regions, Fab fragments, etc., the Homer protein which is the native ligand, or, indeed, any compound which has previously been determined to bind to this site.
  • a wide variety of detection methods for such inhibition of known ligand binding is known.
  • the competing known ligand is labeled and a decrease in label bound to the solid support (if the peptide is thus supported) provides an assessment of such inhibition.
  • Labels may include fluorescent labels, chromogenic labels, enzyme labels, radioisotope labels, and the like. Again, homogenous assays may be convenient. For example, fluorescence quenching assays wherein both the peptide and the competing ligand contain label are known.
  • the invention resides in the nature of the peptide used as the target, not in the specific design of the screening assay.
  • the subject may be a laboratory animal used to study patterns of learning and memory, such as rats, mice and rabbits.
  • the subject may also be a human subject where it is desired to alter a deficit in memory or assuage some other physiological disorder.
  • Administration of such compounds to subjects is by standard procedures and uses formulations such as those in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences , latest edition, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., incorporated herein by reference.
  • the compounds identified using the method of the invention could, for example, be administered to murine models of specific CNS based or other neurological based conditions and the effect of such compounds on the model will elucidate the mechanisms associated with the condition.
  • syntaxin-1A was not endogenously expressed in HEK293 cells while the presence of the syntaxin-1A protein was detected in HEK293 cells transfected with the ⁇ 1A P/Q type calcium channel; mRNA corresponding to syntaxin-1A was also detected, but inhibited when the cells were incubated in actinomycin D.
  • Syntaxin-1A was the only SNARE protein produced in these cells; syntaxin 1B, SNAP-25, synaptophysin, VAMP, and synaptotagmin were not detected.
  • Syntaxin-1A expression was inhibited by the same agents as had inhibited it in HEK293 cells including inhibitors of ryanodine —or IP 3 —induced calcium release from stores, of CaM kinase II/IV, and of PKA, or MAPKK.
  • P/Q type selective calcium influx induces expression of syntaxin-1A but not of other SNARE proteins involved in vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release. It appears to be under tight spatial and temporal calcium dependent control and is apparently mediated by an association with intracellular calcium stores.
  • the initial critical step in the transduction pathway which is the binding of the Homer protein to a specific site in the ⁇ 1A channel subunit proximal to the C terminus.
  • the availability of a peptide containing this site permits the identification of compounds that are useful in elucidating neuronal pathways, and in modulating the CNS in subjects in general, including treating disorders of the CNS especially those involving learning and memory.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
US09/688,295 1999-10-13 2000-10-13 Methods to identify compounds that affect the expression level of the syntaxin-1 A encoding gene Expired - Fee Related US6531288B1 (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050026161A1 (en) * 2002-11-01 2005-02-03 Edward Jablonski Displacement sandwich immuno-PCR
US20050266524A1 (en) * 2003-12-03 2005-12-01 Bulla Lee A Beta integrin gene and protein
US20080131883A1 (en) * 2004-11-03 2008-06-05 Iris Molecular Diagnostics, Inc. Homogeneous Analyte Detection
US20090176201A1 (en) * 2004-11-03 2009-07-09 Iris Molecular Diagnostics, Inc Microbubbles for affinity separation
US20090246781A1 (en) * 2008-02-21 2009-10-01 Robert Klem Method for early determination of recurrence after therapy for prostate cancer

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995004822A1 (en) 1993-08-11 1995-02-16 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates, Inc. Human calcium channel compositions and methods using them
WO1996015149A2 (en) 1994-11-10 1996-05-23 University Of Washington Methods and compositions for screening for presynaptic calcium channel blockers
JPH09299092A (ja) 1996-03-12 1997-11-25 Takeda Chem Ind Ltd 新規タンパク質およびそのｄｎａ

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995004822A1 (en) 1993-08-11 1995-02-16 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates, Inc. Human calcium channel compositions and methods using them
WO1996015149A2 (en) 1994-11-10 1996-05-23 University Of Washington Methods and compositions for screening for presynaptic calcium channel blockers
US5623051A (en) 1994-11-10 1997-04-22 University Of Washington Methods and compositions for screening for presynaptic calcium channel blockers
US6090631A (en) 1994-11-10 2000-07-18 University Of Washington Methods and compositions for screening for presynaptic calcium channel blockers
JPH09299092A (ja) 1996-03-12 1997-11-25 Takeda Chem Ind Ltd 新規タンパク質およびそのｄｎａ

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Sutton et al. P/Q-type calcium channels mediate the activity-dependent feedback of syntaxin-1A. Nature, 401:800-804, 1999.* *
Tu et al., "Homer Binds a Novel Proline-Rich Motif and Links Group 1 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors with IP3 Receptors," Neuron (1998) 21:717-726.
Xiao et al., "Homer: a Link Between Neural Activity and Glutamate Receptor Function," Current Opinion in Neurobiology (2000) 10:370-374.
Xiao et al., (1998) Neuron 21:707-716.
Zhuchenko,O. et al. (1997). Nature Genetics 15:62-69.

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050026161A1 (en) * 2002-11-01 2005-02-03 Edward Jablonski Displacement sandwich immuno-PCR
US20050266524A1 (en) * 2003-12-03 2005-12-01 Bulla Lee A Beta integrin gene and protein
US20080131883A1 (en) * 2004-11-03 2008-06-05 Iris Molecular Diagnostics, Inc. Homogeneous Analyte Detection
US20090176201A1 (en) * 2004-11-03 2009-07-09 Iris Molecular Diagnostics, Inc Microbubbles for affinity separation
US20110230644A1 (en) * 2004-11-03 2011-09-22 Edward Jablonski Microbubbles for affinity separation
US8513032B2 (en) 2004-11-03 2013-08-20 Iris International, Inc. Microbubbles for affinity separation
US9234890B2 (en) 2004-11-03 2016-01-12 Iris International, Inc. Homogeneous analyte detection
US20090246781A1 (en) * 2008-02-21 2009-10-01 Robert Klem Method for early determination of recurrence after therapy for prostate cancer

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JP2003511087A (ja) 2003-03-25
WO2001027630A3 (en) 2001-12-06
ES2253263T3 (es) 2006-06-01
ATE312350T1 (de) 2005-12-15
AU7896700A (en) 2001-04-23
CA2385907A1 (en) 2001-04-19
WO2001027630A2 (en) 2001-04-19
DE60024664T2 (de) 2006-07-06
EP1230551A2 (en) 2002-08-14
EP1230551B1 (en) 2005-12-07
DE60024664D1 (de) 2006-01-12

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