Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
  • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
  • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
  • Y10S426/807—Poultry or ruminant feed

Definitions

• the invention relates to the use of lysine base dry powders in foodstuffs, pharmaceutical preparations and animal feeds and to a process for their production.
• L-lysine is, as an essential amino acid, widely used as addition in foodstuffs and feedstuffs, for example for producing dietetic human food products and feedstuffs.
• Amino acids such as lysine are also widely used in medicine, for example as constituent of infusion solutions. L-lysine promotes, for example, the growth of bone and stimulates cell division and nucleoside synthesis.
• L-lysine synthesized around the world is used to produce feedstuffs, specifically for producing pig or poultry feed.
• L-lysine is used to produce the feed in order to supply the requirements of the livestock for the essential amino acid which is deficient in the usual protein sources used in livestock nutrition. Lysine in the feed abolishes the limitation, and the zootechnical performance of the livestock can be markedly enhanced.
• L-lysine monohydrochloride L-lysine HCl
• L-lysine hydrochloride results in an increased water intake by the livestock (U.S. Pat. No. 4,919,945). This may very often lead to the unwanted “wet litter” and thus to an increased risk of infection for the livestock.
• lysine hydrochloride In order to obtain a less hygroscopic product it has been necessary to mix a large amount of additives into the concentrate. However, this reduced even further the content of the amino acid which is in many cases already relatively low.
• L-lysine hydrochloride in infusion solutions in medicine may lead to a hyperchloremic metabolic aciddosis.
• the use of such infusion solutions in patients suffering from renal failure results in an unwanted further burden on the already disturbed electrolyte balance of the patient due to the chloride ions.
• EP-B 533 039 claims an animal feed supplement which has a high content of an “amino acid” and which still contains most of the constituents of the fermentation broth.
• the final products obtained in the disclosed fermentation process are not the free amino acids but the acids in the form of their salts, e.g. as sulfates or carbonates, as is evident from the fermentation conditions.
• the fermentation broth is spray dried without further purification.
• the percentages by weight of amino acid, e.g. of L-lysine base, stated in the patent thus only comprise a value for free base theoretically calculated on the basis of the lysine salt.
• liquid lysine base which, besides 50% lysine base, contains fermentation by-products and, principally, water.
• liquid lysine base has the disadvantage that it requires special application techniques and, once again, the required product concentration is low on production.
• the product can be used comparably to lysine salts (e.g. hydrochloride) and has excellent flow properties and little stickiness. It can also be used to produce a concentrated lysine base solution by dissolving in water.
• lysine salts e.g. hydrochloride
• the product normally has a residual water content of about 2 to 3% by weight.
• the free lysine base content of the dry matter is more than 70% by weight, preferably more than 90% by weight.
• Sources of lysine for producing L-lysine base dry powders are, for example, proteins from which L-lysine can be obtained by acid hydrolysis.
• D,L-lysine is obtainable by chemical synthesis, for example from D,L- ⁇ -amino- ⁇ -caprolactam, and L-lysine and D-lysine can also be obtained by subsequent racemate resolution.
• L-lysine is normally obtained by a fermentation process using microorganisms essentially of the genera Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, Arthrobacter, Microbacterium, Bacillus or Nocardia and a subsequent purification, preferably on an ion exchanger. This may involve the fermentation broth being put on the ion exchanger directly or after removal of the biomass. Microbiological processes for producing L-lysine are described, for example, in Trends in Biotechnology 1983, 1, 70-74.
• the novel process is distinguished by the free lysine base content of the dry matter being more than 70% by weight, preferably more than 90% by weight.
• novel lysine base dry powders were then converted into powder form by conventional concentration and/or drying processes such as, for example, spray drying, fluidized spray drying, drum drying or freeze drying.
• the preferred drying process is spray drying (EP-A 0 457 075; EP-A-0 497 177), in which case the temperature is from 80 to 200° C., preferably 110 to 170° C.
• lysine base refers to lysine, preferably L-lysine, in the form of the free base (H 2 N—(CH 2 ) 4 —CHNH 2 —CO 2 H; pK ⁇ 10.5).
• the dry matter may also comprise small contents of other amino acids or proteins from the fermentation medium.
• the lysine base dry powders are advantageously employed in the novel use in foodstuffs, preferably in livestock nutrition, particularly preferably as addition in feed for pigs, piglets and poultry such as, for example, layers, broilers or turkeys.
• livestock nutrition particularly preferably as addition in feed for pigs, piglets and poultry
• they can be added to all conventional livestock feeds such as compound feeds and/or single-component feeds such as cereals such as wheat, oats, rye, barley and legumes, corn or corncob mix.
• the lysine base dry powder can be added to the feedstuffs directly or in the form of premixes in which they have been mixed with other feed additives before use.
• auxiliaries which can be added to the lysine base dry powders are all auxiliaries customary in agriculture, such as flavorings, colorings, appetite stimulants, antibiotics, probiotics and/or enzymes.
• the auxiliaries are advantageously added in an amount of from 0.1% to 50% of the weight of the lysine base dry powders, preferably in an amount of from 0.1 to 10% of the weight.
• lysine base dry powders are advantageously used depending on the composition of the feedstuff. It is normally sufficient to add from 0.1 to 10 kg per metric ton of livestock feed for lysine supplementation. Lysine bases are preferably added in amounts of from 0.5 to 5 kg per metric ton of livestock feed.
• the lysine base dry powders can be used to produce the feedstuffs or mixtures thereof in a manner known per se. Addition to the feedstuff can take place immediately after harvest or after storage.
• the solid or liquid lysine base can be added to the feedstuff directly or in the form of premixes, advantageously during the pelleting or extrusion of the feed, for example through a metering device.
• the lysine base dry powders can also be used in pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparations.
• a further use of the novel lysine base dry powder is for the industrial synthesis of polylysine.
• Example 2 The concentrate from Example 1 was spray dried under the following conditions:
• the product dried in this way contained 97% dry matter and a lysine base content of 91.8%. It was not sticky and was easy to process.
• the intention of this trial with weaners was to test the product 90% lysine base for its efficacy by comparison with Sewon L-lysine HCl 99% feed (79% L-lysine).
• the trial product is a spray-dried lysine base with an active substance content of 90% L-lysine.
• a total of 45 piglets (GL ⁇ P) with an age of 28 days and an average weight of 7.2 kg were used for the 49-day feeding trial.
• the animals were derived from 9 litters and were distributed at random to the 5 treatments on the block-formation principle.
• the following trial variants were tested:
• Lysine supplement Test substance Group % % I — — II 0.12 0.152% L-lysine HCl III 0.24 0.304% L-lysine HCl IV 0.12 0.133% 90% lysine base V 0.24 0.266% 90% lysine base
• Group I served as negative control and received the basic feed without lysine supplement.
• groups II and III respectively, 0.12 and 0.24% lysine in the form of the commercial product Sewon L-lysine HCl 99% feed (min. 79% L-lysine, marketed by BASF Aktiengesellschaft Ludwigshafen) was added to the basic feed.
• groups IV and V respectively, the supplementation was with the corresponding lysine equivalents in the form of the test substance 90% lysine base.
• the composition of the low-lysine basic feed used is to be found in Table 1.
• the basic feed contained 0.79% lysine and was intended to cover about 60% of the piglets' lysine requirements. All the other amino acid contents covered requirements. With the exception of lysine, the feed complied with the requirements for piglet rearing feed of standard type II.
• the stock were kept in individual pens in an air-conditioned trial house.
• the room temperature was lowered continuously during the trial from 26° C. to 22° C., the relative humidity being about 55%.
• the pelleted feed was provided ad libitum. Unconsumed feed was reweighed twice a week. The weight of the stock was determined weekly.
• the trial parameters were the weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion.
• the trial data were subjected to analysis of variance and tested for significance in the F test, and the averages for the individual groups were compared by the Student/Newman-Keuls test. Significant differences between the group averages are indicated by different superscripts.
• the feed consumption was likewise significantly influenced by the increasing supply of lysine.
• the animals in groups IV and V with a corresponding lysine base supplementation showed a feed consumption which was 25% and 33%, respectively, higher than in group I.
• there was a comparable increase in the feed consumption with the two lysine forms which also suggests that acceptance of the lysine base was good.
• the feed conversion was significantly improved by 15% and 22%, respectively, over the negative control by the addition of 0.12% and 0.24% lysine in the form of lysine HCl and lysine base.
• the effect of the level of supplementation was also verified for the two lysine forms.
• the two lysine products accordingly show comparable efficacy in the feed conversion.

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• 1999
  • 1999-07-12 DE DE19932059A patent/DE19932059A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2000
  • 2000-06-14 EP EP00112564A patent/EP1068804A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-06-23 US US09/602,320 patent/US6468580B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-07-11 KR KR1020000039489A patent/KR20010049755A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-07-12 CN CNB001225693A patent/CN1250102C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime

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