US6463121B1 - Interactive x-ray position and exposure control using image data as reference information - Google Patents
Interactive x-ray position and exposure control using image data as reference information Download PDFInfo
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- US6463121B1 US6463121B1 US09/418,167 US41816799A US6463121B1 US 6463121 B1 US6463121 B1 US 6463121B1 US 41816799 A US41816799 A US 41816799A US 6463121 B1 US6463121 B1 US 6463121B1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4476—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to motor-assisted motion of the source unit
- A61B6/4482—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to motor-assisted motion of the source unit involving power assist circuits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/46—Arrangements for interfacing with the operator or the patient
- A61B6/467—Arrangements for interfacing with the operator or the patient characterised by special input means
- A61B6/469—Arrangements for interfacing with the operator or the patient characterised by special input means for selecting a region of interest [ROI]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/04—Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B6/12—Arrangements for detecting or locating foreign bodies
Definitions
- the present invention is related to medical imaging, and more particularly to a system and method for positioning an acquisition device and acquiring an image based on image data.
- X-ray fluoroscopy uses a high acquisition data rate for X-ray images.
- the images generated by the X-ray fluoroscopy are then used to manually guide a tool through the internal structure of an opaque body or object (e.g. the human body).
- a tool which may be a medical device such as a catheter
- X-ray fluoroscopy is used for interventional medical procedures such as balloon angioplasty and neuroembolizations.
- One way to reduce radiation exposure of patients and operators would be to optimize the X-ray image acquisition and filtering techniques used for X-ray fluoroscopy.
- One such approach uses a combination of lowering the acquisition data rate of the X-ray fluoroscopy and increasing the X-ray image resolution to direct the X-ray fluoroscopy machinery.
- this approach relies on the human operator to manually control the X-ray machinery, which introduces uncertainty.
- an X-ray system and method for use in a medical application to supplement or replace fluoroscopy.
- the X-ray system includes a display device, a gantry having an X-ray generator, a table having an X-ray sensor, and an X-ray control system connected to the display device, the gantry and the table.
- the X-ray control system includes user input for indicating the position of the next X-ray exposure.
- the X-ray control system receives X-ray data from the sensor, processes the data to form an X-ray image, displays the X-ray image on the display device and shifts the X-ray generator relative to the X-ray sensor. The amount and direction of shift is accurately determined using data from the previous X-ray image.
- a system and method of positioning an X-ray generator relative to the X-ray sensor is described.
- X-ray data is received from the sensor and processed to form an X-ray image.
- the X-ray image is displayed on a display device and a position is selected on the X-ray image.
- the X-ray generator is shifted relative to the X-ray sensor as a function of the position selected on the X-ray image.
- a system and method for tracking a first object within a second object is described.
- X-rays are projected through the second object in the vicinity of the first object, captured and used to generate a display image.
- the display image is displayed.
- the appearance of the first object is emphasized within the second object, movement of the first object within the second object is detected and relative position of the second object to the X-ray source is changed as a function of movement of the first object before a new display image is captured.
- the X-ray control system, device and method utilizes a computing system to determine the next position of the X-ray fluoroscopy machinery based on the information processed from the previous X-ray image, thus decreasing the uncertainty introduced by a operator manually controlling the X-ray fluoroscopy machinery.
- the location of the next exposure is also more accurate since it is controlled by an X-ray control system.
- Such an approach contrasts with current X-ray fluoroscopy techniques that rely upon an operator to guide the X-ray fluoroscopy machinery manually. Accurately directing the X-ray fluoroscopy machinery also reduces the radiation exposure for both operators and the patients.
- FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an X-ray control system
- FIG. 2 shown one embodiment of a block diagram for an X-ray control system shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is one embodiment of a block diagram of an X-ray control system according to FIG. 2;
- FIGS. 4 a and 4 b illustrate one embodiment of a selection process for selecting a new X-ray exposure
- FIGS. 5 a and 5 b illustrate another embodiment of a selection process for selecting a new X-ray exposure
- FIGS. 6 a , 6 b , and 6 c illustrate a zoom feature
- FIG. 7 is an alternate embodiment of the block diagram of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 8 shows a detailed block diagram of an X-ray system according to the block diagram of FIG. 7 .
- X-ray system 100 includes a display device 110 , an X-ray gantry 130 and a table 140 , all connected to an X-ray control system 120 .
- X-ray gantry 130 includes an X-ray generator 132 ; table 140 includes an X-ray sensor 142 .
- X-ray gantry 130 includes both X-ray generator 132 and X-ray sensor 142 and moves generator 132 and sensor 142 relative to a location on table 140 .
- X-ray control system 120 stores an X-ray exposure as an image along with the associated positions of X-ray gantry 130 and table 140 .
- the X-ray images are displayed on display device 110 in various configurations. Typically, the last X-ray exposure taken is displayed on the display device 110 .
- X-ray control system 120 includes one or more user inputs 122 .
- User inputs 122 direct X-ray control system 120 under operator control of the movement of X-ray gantry 130 , or table 140 , or both, to a new position between X-ray exposures.
- display device 110 is placed near the operator and he or she uses a pointing device to select the position on display device 110 where he or she desires the next X-ray exposure to be centered.
- the pointing device may be, but is not limited to, a mouse, a trackball or a touch screen.
- X-ray control system 120 detects user input 122 and correlates user input 122 to a new X-ray exposure center position or reference point.
- X-ray control system 120 moves X-ray gantry 130 and/or table 140 to their required locations for a new X-ray exposure and takes a new X-ray exposure.
- the new X-ray exposure is then displayed as an image on display device 110 .
- FIG. 2 shows one embodiment 200 of the X-ray control method discussed above.
- system 100 displays an X-ray image on display device 110 .
- an operator selects a position for taking a second X-ray image and at 230 , system 100 shifts X-ray gantry 130 or table 140 , or both, to the next position.
- system 100 requests an X-ray exposure to be taken from gantry 130 .
- image processing is completed by the control system 120 and, at 260 , an image representing the X-ray is displayed on display device 110 . This process repeats as often as is necessary to provide the desired X-ray images.
- FIG. 3 Another embodiment 300 of the X-ray control method discussed above is shown in FIG. 3 .
- X-ray gantry and table positions are stored with data from the first exposure.
- X-ray gantry and table positions are stored automatically as part of capturing the first exposure.
- the operator enters X-ray gantry and table positions.
- control moves to 315 , where an image representing capture of the first exposure is displayed for the operator.
- Control then moves to 320 , where system 120 waits for input from the operator indicating a location to be used to position gantry 130 and/or table 140 for the next exposure.
- control moves to 325 , where system 100 correlates the location selected to a new X-ray exposure position.
- the location selected on the display is treated as the center position for the next exposure. It should be noted, however, that the location selected does not have to be used as the center position for the next exposure. Instead, the location selected could be interpreted to correlate to other useful reference points for the X-ray fluoroscopy machinery.
- X-ray control system 120 moves the X-ray gantry 130 or table 140 , or both, to new positions as a function of the selected location.
- control system 120 stores the new position of the gantry 130 and table 140 .
- a new exposure is taken by X-ray control system 120 .
- the new exposure is displayed on display device 110 .
- Control then moves to 320 , where X-ray control system 120 waits for operator entry of the next selected location.
- X-rays are turned off while system 100 moves to a new location. Since X-rays are not being generated while the X-ray gantry 130 and table 140 are in motion the radiation dosage is effectively reduced. In addition, the position of the X-ray gantry 130 and table 140 is more accurately determined by X-ray control system 120 . This is in sharp contrast to traditional methods, which raise health and safety issues related to excess X-ray exposure. Traditional methods, where an operator manually moves the X-ray fluoroscopy machinery, use a high acquisition data rate for X-ray exposures. Because of the high acquisition data rate used with such traditional methods, both operators and patients receive a higher radiation dosage.
- FIGS. 4 a and 4 b Images representative of successive X-ray image acquisitions are shown in FIGS. 4 a and 4 b , in FIGS. 5 a and 5 b and in FIGS. 6 a - 6 c .
- the example shown in FIGS. 4 a and 4 b , in FIGS. 5 a and 5 b and in FIGS. 6 a - 6 c use a rectangular bitmap of a heart taken at the Mayo Clinic using a touch screen display panel.
- a point 402 for a new X-ray exposure is selected by an operator touching outside a first image 400 .
- Control system 120 then processes the selected location to determine a new position for either X-ray gantry 130 or table 140 , or both, and an exposure is made.
- An image representing the resulting exposure is shown as image 404 in FIG. 4 b.
- a point 502 within an X-ray image 500 is selected by an operator.
- Control system 120 then takes a new X-ray exposure, shown as image 504 in FIG. 5 b , based on the point selected by the operator.
- X-ray control system 120 includes a zoom feature. Once an operator has processed two or more X-ray exposures, the operator can use the zoom out function to display a image that is a composite of the X-ray images received at that point.
- a composite image 600 is shown in FIG. 6 a.
- images 602 , 604 , 606 and 608 were taken in some order.
- the operator displays composite image 600 and uses that image to select the location 610 of the next exposure. If, as is shown in FIG. 6 a , a selection is made within the missing quadrant, x-ray gantry 130 and/or table 140 are moved to the appropriate locations. (In one embodiment, however, the location selected must be made in the center of the missing quadrant in order to generate an image covering the entirety of the missing quadrant.)
- location 610 Once location 610 is selected, an exposure is made and an image such as image 612 shown in FIG. 6 b is generated.
- the operator can use the zoom-out feature to display a new composite image 614 which includes contributions from each of the images 602 , 604 , 606 , 608 and 614 . Overlapping areas are merged using standard image processing methods.
- X-ray fluoroscopy is not required while moving the X-ray gantry 130 , or table 140 , or both, because the spatial distances are determined by X-ray control system 120 based on the point selected by the operator. As a result, X-ray dosage for both operators and patients is greatly reduced.
- system 100 includes a system controller 710 , input/output system 715 , a positioner 720 , an image processor 725 , image acquisition system 730 and X-ray generation system 735 .
- System controller 710 controls each of positioner 720 , image processor 725 , image acquisition system 730 and X-ray generation system 735 using control lines 702 and data lines 703 .
- Image acquisition system 730 receives X-rays generated by X-ray generation system 735 and forwards data representative of the X-rays received to image processor 725 .
- Image processor 725 includes a display. Image processor 725 generates images 701 based on the data received from image acquisition system 730 and displays the images on its display. An operator selects a location within the image shown on the display and the information regarding the selected location is transferred to system controller 710 . System controller 710 processes the information received from the operator and instructs positioner 720 as to the desired positioning of the patient relative to the X-ray source.
- the patient is held stationary while the source and receptor move around the patient.
- the table moves relative to a stationary X-ray source.
- both the table holding the patient and the X-ray source move while positioning for the next exposure.
- input/output system 715 is used to connect to service tools, to external networks or to external monitors. Images 701 captured within system controller 710 can be exported to system 715 , where they can be transmitted across a network, read by a service tool or displayed on external display devices.
- X-ray system 100 includes system cabinet 902 , external video capture and video display devices 904 , service tool 906 , external network interfaces 908 , two X-ray sources 930 and 932 , a display 934 and assorted 3 data capture and patient positioning controls.
- images are examined in real-time for a change in state or movement of a relevant structure or flow (hereafter referred to as an object.)
- pattern recognition is used to examine the image for a change in state or movement of a relevant structure or flow.
- the information obtained from the image itself about the object is correlated to a position in the image and, in one such embodiment, in the patient.
- the change is tracked automatically by the X-ray control system.
- control logic is used to track the object and to change the relative position of the patient to the X-ray source to follow the object (for example, moving the table to keep the object centered).
- control logic can be used to change the size and dose of the X-ray (e.g., collimating to reduce the size of the image and therefore the dosage to the patient.)
- display methods are used to highlight the object and to distinguish it from the surrounding anatomy (e.g., using one color to denote a catheter tip and another to represent the vessel wall).
- Potential benefits of using automatic image data feedback and control as described above include faster procedures, less operator intervention during an X-ray procedure, and less dosage to the operators and patient.
- X-ray control system 120 automatically follows the tip of a catheter while a doctor inserts it into a leg during an embolization procedure.
- the catheter tip may be centered exactly in the image, or it may be positioned a certain distance from the edge of the image.
- image data feedback the number, size, and duration of the X-ray images is reduced.
- X-ray control system 120 automatically follows contrast injected into a body, while it flows through blood vessels in a major artery.
- the size of the image is maintained and, as a result, the radiation dosage to the patient is limited.
- the number and size of the images required is reduced by using information about the bolus location as input to X-ray control system 120 .
- X-ray system 120 enhances anti-collision techniques in X-ray fluoroscopy by recognizing skin, organs, or bones in the X-ray image and using anatomical relationships to avoid collision. Such an approach permits maintaining a smaller distance between patient and the detector, especially during the automatic tracking described above.
- X-ray system 120 changes the color of a catheter tip during insertion so that an operator can locate it more easily.
- An advantage of X-ray system 100 is that an operator or control system can interactively select the position of the next X-ray exposure based on image information contained in previous X-ray exposures.
- the present X-ray control system more accurately determines the locations of an X-ray, which results in less radiation dosage.
- the use of X-ray fluoroscopy is completely eliminated.
- accurate X-ray exposure locations provide an opportunity to decrease the field of view (FOV), which further reduces X-ray exposure and at the same time increases image quality.
- FOV field of view
- X-ray system 100 therefore provides several overall benefits. There is a reduction in the total radiation dosage to operators and patients when less X-ray fluoroscopy is used. The accurate location of the next X-ray exposure results in faster X-ray medical procedures and also reduces the total radiation dosage to patients and operators. Finally, by using smaller FOV's with X-ray medical procedures, X-ray system 100 increases image quality while decreasing radiation dosage.
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/418,167 US6463121B1 (en) | 1999-10-13 | 1999-10-13 | Interactive x-ray position and exposure control using image data as reference information |
EP00308929A EP1092391B1 (fr) | 1999-10-13 | 2000-10-11 | Contrôle interactif de la position de rayons X et de l'exposition en utilisant données de l'image comme information de référence |
DE60034749T DE60034749T2 (de) | 1999-10-13 | 2000-10-11 | Interaktive Röntgenpositions- und Ausstrahlungssteuerung mittels Bilddaten als Referenzinformation |
JP2000312785A JP4590084B2 (ja) | 1999-10-13 | 2000-10-13 | X線発生装置をx線センサに対して位置決めするための方法及びシステム |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US09/418,167 US6463121B1 (en) | 1999-10-13 | 1999-10-13 | Interactive x-ray position and exposure control using image data as reference information |
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US6463121B1 true US6463121B1 (en) | 2002-10-08 |
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US09/418,167 Expired - Lifetime US6463121B1 (en) | 1999-10-13 | 1999-10-13 | Interactive x-ray position and exposure control using image data as reference information |
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US (1) | US6463121B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1092391B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4590084B2 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60034749T2 (fr) |
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DE60034749T2 (de) | 2008-01-17 |
DE60034749D1 (de) | 2007-06-21 |
EP1092391A1 (fr) | 2001-04-18 |
JP4590084B2 (ja) | 2010-12-01 |
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JP2001149356A (ja) | 2001-06-05 |
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