US6415153B1 - System and method for aggregate overload control - Google Patents

System and method for aggregate overload control Download PDF

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Publication number
US6415153B1
US6415153B1 US09/407,882 US40788299A US6415153B1 US 6415153 B1 US6415153 B1 US 6415153B1 US 40788299 A US40788299 A US 40788299A US 6415153 B1 US6415153 B1 US 6415153B1
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Prior art keywords
aggregate
scaling
load measurement
kout
transmit signal
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US09/407,882
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English (en)
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William J. Liew
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Nokia of America Corp
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Lucent Technologies Inc
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Assigned to LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC. reassignment LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LIEW, WILLIAM J.
Priority to US09/407,882 priority Critical patent/US6415153B1/en
Priority to EP00308099A priority patent/EP1091610A1/fr
Priority to CA002319895A priority patent/CA2319895C/fr
Priority to BR0004331-1A priority patent/BR0004331A/pt
Priority to CN00129216A priority patent/CN1290081A/zh
Priority to TW089120079A priority patent/TW493357B/zh
Priority to KR1020000057030A priority patent/KR100759719B1/ko
Priority to JP2000295336A priority patent/JP4527256B2/ja
Publication of US6415153B1 publication Critical patent/US6415153B1/en
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Assigned to ALCATEL-LUCENT USA INC. reassignment ALCATEL-LUCENT USA INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CREDIT SUISSE AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/02—Resource partitioning among network components, e.g. reuse partitioning
    • H04W16/06—Hybrid resource partitioning, e.g. channel borrowing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless communications.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • mobiles In wireless communication networks based on spread spectrum technology, such as a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network, a plurality of mobile subscriber terminals (“mobiles”) share the same radio frequency (RF) bandwidth, and are separated by employing different Walsh codes or other orthogonal functions.
  • RF radio frequency
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • the number of mobiles which can share a given RF bandwidth at one time is not fixed, and instead is typically limited only by the degradation of service quality caused by interference from other users of the same and adjacent cells/sectors.
  • the resulting tradeoff between network capacity and service quality in a CDMA system is typically resolved by reverse link (mobile to base station) power control techniques which adaptively set mobile transmit power to the minimum level needed to maintain adequate performance.
  • overload may occur in network cells/sectors when the number of mobiles being served exceeds the maximum number at which target call quality (typically represented as the ratio of energy per bit, E b , to noise and interference, N o , in a given bandwidth) can be maintained, for example when a large number of mobiles attempt to communicate with a single base station at once.
  • target call quality typically represented as the ratio of energy per bit, E b , to noise and interference, N o , in a given bandwidth
  • One previously implemented technique for avoiding overload relies on a call admission/blocking scheme to guarantee adequate communication quality by blocking service to additional subscribers when load levels exceed a certain threshold. Such call admission schemes, however, may result in unacceptable service outages.
  • the present invention is a system and a method which scales base station transmit signals in a wireless communication network in response to high load levels, thereby affecting handoff control values measured at served mobiles to “push” mobiles to adjacent cells/sectors and avoid overload conditions.
  • a base station overload controller scales the amplitude of aggregate forward link (base station to mobile) transmission signals as a function of the difference between aggregate transmit signal magnitudes and a threshold level.
  • aggregate base station transmit signals which include control signal components (e.g., a pilot signal component in a CDMA system)
  • handoff control values including receive signal strength, bit/frame error rates, and signal-to-noise ratio, measured at mobiles within the network service area are affected.
  • the present invention increases network capacity and prevents overload without relying solely on a call admission scheme.
  • the present invention is an aggregate overload controller which samples and sums aggregate in-phase (I) channel and quadrature (Q) channel transmit signal magnitudes over a load measurement period to obtain a load measurement value, and outputs a scaling coefficient as a function of the difference between the load measurement and a threshold.
  • the aggregate overload controller initially sets the scaling coefficient to 1, and maintains the scaling coefficient at 1 as long as the load measurement value remains below the threshold.
  • the scaling coefficient from the preceding load measurement period i.e., 1 is decreased by an offset value which is calculated as a function of the difference between the load measurement value and the threshold.
  • the updated scaling coefficient is calculated as:
  • S M ⁇ 1 is the scaling coefficient from the previous load measurement period
  • E th is the threshold
  • E M is the load measurement for the current load measurement period
  • ⁇ is a constant.
  • the constant ⁇ may be set to a small value, e.g., 0.01, to prevent substantial fluctuations in the scaling coefficient S M , and thereby avoid network instability.
  • I- and Q-channel multipliers multiply the scaling coefficient S M received from the aggregate overload controller by aggregate I- and Q-channel transmit signals received from a baseband processor.
  • the resulting scaled I- and Q-channel transmit signals are received by an RF processor, which performs digital-to-analog conversion, low-pass filtering, modulates the scaled I- and Q-channel transmit signals onto separate RF carriers, combines the modulated I- and Q-channel carriers, and outputs the combined RF transmit signal to base station antenna for transmission.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary wireless network configuration suitable for implementing embodiments of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a general block diagram depicting certain components of a base station transmitter according to embodiments of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary baseband processor of a base station transmitter which generates aggregate I- and Q-channel transmit signals which are scaled by a scaling coefficient from an aggregate overload controller according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary operation performed by the aggregate overload controller to calculate a scaling coefficient according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an exemplary RF processor of the base station transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention is a system and method which scales base station transmit signals in a wireless communications network, such as a CDMA network, to affect handoff control values measured at mobiles within the network area under high load conditions, and thereby prevent overload conditions.
  • a wireless communications network such as a CDMA network
  • the wireless network 10 includes a plurality of geographic sub-areas (“cells”) 12 - 1 , . . . , 12 -i.
  • Each cell 12 - 1 , . . . , 12 -i has a corresponding base station 14 - 1 , . . . , 14 -i for providing communication service to mobiles located therein, such as mobiles 20 - 1 , . . . , 20 -j located in cell 12 - 1 .
  • MTSO mobile telephone switching office
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • each of the cells 12 - 1 , . . . , 12 -i may be divided into a number of sectors.
  • the cells 12 - 1 , . . . , 12 -i are shown as hexagonal-shaped areas, different cell shapes are possible.
  • FIG. 2 is a general block diagram illustrating select components of a base station transmitter 100 according to one exemplary implementation of the present invention.
  • the base station transmitter 100 includes a baseband processor 110 which receives a plurality of base band communication signals input 1 , input N .
  • These baseband communication signals input 1 , . . . , input N may include voice/data traffic received from the MTSO 16 , as well as control information, e.g., pilot, paging, and synchronization signals, to be transmitted.
  • the baseband processor 110 utilizes a spectrally efficient modulation scheme, such as Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), to output separate aggregate I- and Q-channel transmit signals.
  • QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
  • An I-channel multiplier 130 receives the aggregate I-channel transmit signal from the baseband processor 110 , and multiplies the received aggregate I-channel transmit signal by a scaling coefficient S M received from an aggregate overload controller 140 .
  • a Q-channel multiplier 132 receives an aggregate Q-channel transmit signal output by the baseband processor 110 , and multiplies the received Q-channel transmit signal by the scaling coefficient SM received from the aggregate overload controller 140 .
  • An RF processor 160 receives the scaled aggregate I- and Q-channel transmit signals from the I-and Q-channel multipliers 130 and 132 . As described in more detail below, the RF processor 160 performs well known processing on the scaled aggregate I-and Q-channel transmit signals received from the multipliers 130 and 132 , such as digital-to-analog conversion, band pass filtering, and RF carrier signal modulation, before outputting a combined RF signal to an antenna 170 .
  • the aggregate overload controller 140 also receives the outputs of the I- and Q-channel scaling multipliers 130 and 132 to calculate updated scaling coefficients SM in a manner described in detail below.
  • the aggregate overload controller 140 may be implemented, for example, as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or as computer-executed software.
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram depicting select components of an exemplary baseband processor 110 for use in the base station transmitter configuration 100 according an implementation of the present invention.
  • the baseband processor 110 includes a number of baseband processing units 111 - 1 , . . . , 111 -N, respectively corresponding to input communication signals input 1 , input N .
  • Each baseband processing unit 111 - 1 , . . . , 111 -N outputs an I-channel signal I K1 , . . . , I KN and a Q-channel signal Q K1 , . . . , Q KN .
  • the baseband processor 110 further includes an I-channel summing unit 128 which generates an aggregate I-channel transmit signal from all the I-channel signals I K1 , . . . , I KN received from the broadband processing units 111 - 1 , . . . , 111 -N, and a Q-channel summing unit 129 for generating an aggregate Q-channel transmit signal from the Q-channel signals Q K1 , . . . , Q KN received from the individual baseband processing units 111 - 1 , . . . , 1 1 1 -N.
  • each baseband processing unit 111 - 1 , . . . , 111 -N includes conventional components for CDMA communication, such as specified in the CDMA-2000 Standard proposed by the U.S. Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). Although a specific baseband processing unit configuration is shown in FIG. 3, it should be realized that principles of the present invention are not limited to a particular baseband processing configuration.
  • TIA Telecommunication Industry Association
  • ITU International Telecommunications Union
  • each baseband processing unit 111 - 1 , . . . , 111 -N includes a channel encoder 112 - 1 , . . . , 112 -N, e.g., a convolutional encoder, which generates encoded blocks of predetermined length from the corresponding input communication signals input 1 , . . . , input N , to protect information bits therein with error correction codes.
  • a first multiplier 113 - 1 , . . . , 113 -N multiplies the encoded blocks output by the channel encoder 112 - 1 , . . .
  • PN code sequence assigned to the mobile intended to receive the input signal, output by a PN sequence generator 114 - 1 , . . . , 114 -N.
  • a second multiplier 115 - 1 , . . . , 115 -N multiplies the output of the first multiplier 113 - 1 , . . . , 113 -N by a Walsh code sequence, for example containing values from a row of a Walsh function matrix, generated by a Walsh sequence generator 116 - 1 , . . . , 116 -N.
  • a communication signal with an orthogonal Walsh code sequence spreads the input data signal over the bandwidth spectrum to prevent co-channel interference.
  • a separator unit 117 - 1 , . . . , 117 -N divides the output of the second multiplier 115 - 1 , . . . , 115 -N into even and odd bits.
  • QPSK modulation allows two information bits to be transmitted simultaneously on orthogonal carriers.
  • a third multiplier 118 - 1 , . . . 118 -N multiplies the even bits from the separator unit 117 - 1 , . . . , 117 -N by an I-channel PN sequence output by an I-channel PN sequence generator 119 - 1 , . . . , 119 -N.
  • a fourth multiplier 120 - 1 , . . . , 120 -N multiplies the odd numbered bits from the separator unit 117 - 1 , . . . , 117 -N by a Q-channel PN sequence output by a Q-channel PN sequence generator 121 - 1 , . . . , 121 -N.
  • the I- and Q-channel summation units 128 and 129 respectively receive the I- and Q-channel outputs from the individual baseband processing units 111 - 1 , . . . 111 -N to generate aggregate I- and Q-channel transmit signals I Kin and Q Kin .
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary calculation performed by the aggregate overload controller 140 to generate and update the scaling coefficient S M .
  • the aggregate overload controller 140 initially sets S M equal to 1 (Step 201 ), and samples the scaled I-channel and Q-channel transmit signals I kout and Q kout , received from the multipliers 130 and 132 , at a sampling rate t s (Step 202 ).
  • the aggregate overload controller 140 calculates (I kout 2 +Q kout 2 ) for each sample (Step 204 ), and obtains the sum of (I kout 2 +Q kout 2 ) over a load measurement period T (e.g., 20 milliseconds) to calculate a load measurement, E M (Step 206 ). Over this load measurement period, several thousand samples of I kout and Q kout may be taken. Although the calculation of Step 206 provides a suitable load measurement for controlling scaling, it should be realized that other techniques for obtaining a load measurement may be used. For example, a total Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value at the base station, or the number of users being served by the base station, may be relied on to represent load.
  • RSSI Receive Signal Strength Indicator
  • the aggregate overload controller 140 determines an updated scaling coefficient S M by calculating:
  • Equation (1) represents an exemplary calculation for updating the scaling factor S M , and may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram depicting select components of an exemplary RF processor 160 used in the base station transmitter 100 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the RF processor 160 includes an I-channel digital-to-analog converter 162 and a Q-channel digital-to-analog converter 170 for respectively converting I kout and Q kout to analog form.
  • I-channel and Q-channel filters 164 and 172 respectively low pass filter the analog I- an Q-channel signals received from the digital-to-analog converters 162 and 170 .
  • a first multiplier 166 multiplies the I-channel signal output by filter 164 with an I-channel RF carrier signal Cos( ⁇ t), and a second multiplier 174 multiplies the Q-channel signal outputted by filter 172 with a Q-channel RF carrier signal Sin(( ⁇ t).
  • a combiner 178 combines the RF signals output by the first and second multipliers 166 and 176 , and outputs a composite RF transmit signal to the antenna 170 for transmission.
  • I-and Q-channel transmit signals handoff control values measured at the mobiles, such as receive signal strength from the base station, bit/frame error rate, and signal-to-noise ratio will be affected to alter the cell/ sector boundaries under high load conditions.
  • a percentage of mobiles will request handoff to adjacent cells/sectors, thereby balancing load to improve network capacity and avoid overload.
  • ⁇ fluctuations in the scaling factor SK are limited to avoid network instability.
  • FIG. 2 scales Q- and I-channel transmit signals before such signals reach the RF processor 100
  • scaling may alternatively be performed as part of RF processing, e.g., after digital-to-analog conversion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
US09/407,882 1999-09-29 1999-09-29 System and method for aggregate overload control Expired - Lifetime US6415153B1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/407,882 US6415153B1 (en) 1999-09-29 1999-09-29 System and method for aggregate overload control
EP00308099A EP1091610A1 (fr) 1999-09-29 2000-09-18 Système et méthode pour la régulation de surcharge
CA002319895A CA2319895C (fr) 1999-09-29 2000-09-18 Systeme et methode de controle global de surcharge
BR0004331-1A BR0004331A (pt) 1999-09-29 2000-09-20 Sistema e método para controle de sobrecarga agregada
KR1020000057030A KR100759719B1 (ko) 1999-09-29 2000-09-28 총 과부하 제어를 위한 시스템과 방법
TW089120079A TW493357B (en) 1999-09-29 2000-09-28 System and method for aggregate overload control
CN00129216A CN1290081A (zh) 1999-09-29 2000-09-28 总过载控制的系统和方法
JP2000295336A JP4527256B2 (ja) 1999-09-29 2000-09-28 総和過負荷を制御するためのシステムおよび方法

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EP (1) EP1091610A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4527256B2 (fr)
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CN (1) CN1290081A (fr)
BR (1) BR0004331A (fr)
CA (1) CA2319895C (fr)
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US20030063594A1 (en) * 2001-08-13 2003-04-03 Via Technologies, Inc. Load balance device and method for packet switching
US6594493B1 (en) * 2000-02-09 2003-07-15 Lucent Technologies Inc. Paging arrangement for wireless communications
US20040067758A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2004-04-08 Jaana Laiho Method of gathering location data of terminals in a communication network
US6725062B1 (en) * 1999-12-08 2004-04-20 Nortel Networks Limited Method to increase the number of simultaneous users in a control hold MAC state in CDMA
US6748222B1 (en) * 2000-11-06 2004-06-08 Nortel Networks Limited Method and system for providing load-balanced communication
US20050243752A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2005-11-03 Stefan Brueck Methods of power overload control in communication systems
US20060083210A1 (en) * 2000-12-15 2006-04-20 Adaptix, Inc. OFDMA with adaptive subcarrier-cluster configuration and selective loading
US7173904B1 (en) * 1999-09-23 2007-02-06 Lucent Technologies Inc. System and method for reverse link overload control
US20070064491A1 (en) * 2003-11-28 2007-03-22 Wallington Jonathan P Radio resource management
US20080043610A1 (en) * 2000-12-15 2008-02-21 Adaptix, Inc. Multi-carrier communications with group-based subcarrier allocation
US7359424B2 (en) * 2000-06-28 2008-04-15 Nec Corporation Spread spectrum communication system and method therefor
US20100311426A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2010-12-09 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Transmission Behaviour for Support of Cell Measurements
US7961610B1 (en) 2008-04-03 2011-06-14 Clear Wireless Llc Method and system for overload control
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US6725062B1 (en) * 1999-12-08 2004-04-20 Nortel Networks Limited Method to increase the number of simultaneous users in a control hold MAC state in CDMA
US6594493B1 (en) * 2000-02-09 2003-07-15 Lucent Technologies Inc. Paging arrangement for wireless communications
US7020179B2 (en) * 2000-03-08 2006-03-28 Lg Electronics Inc. Base station transmitter in CDMA system
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US9344211B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2016-05-17 Adaptix, Inc. OFDMA with adaptive subcarrier-cluster configuration and selective loading
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US8964719B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2015-02-24 Adaptix, Inc. OFDMA with adaptive subcarrier-cluster configuration and selective loading
US7715358B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2010-05-11 Adaptix, Inc. OFDMA with adaptive subcarrier-cluster configuration and selective loading
US20100238833A1 (en) * 2000-12-15 2010-09-23 Adaptix, Inc. OFDMA with adaptive subcarrier-cluster configuration and selective loading
US8958386B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2015-02-17 Adaptix, Inc. Multi-carrier communications with adaptive cluster configuration and switching
US20060083210A1 (en) * 2000-12-15 2006-04-20 Adaptix, Inc. OFDMA with adaptive subcarrier-cluster configuration and selective loading
US8934445B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2015-01-13 Adaptix, Inc. Multi-carrier communications with adaptive cluster configuration and switching
US8036199B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2011-10-11 Adaptix, Inc. OFDMA with adaptive subcarrier-cluster configuration and selective loading
US8934375B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2015-01-13 Adaptix, Inc. OFDMA with adaptive subcarrier-cluster configuration and selective loading
US8738020B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2014-05-27 Adaptix, Inc. Multi-carrier communications with adaptive cluster configuration and switching
US8743717B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2014-06-03 Adaptix, Inc. Multi-carrier communications with adaptive cluster configuration and switching
US8743729B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2014-06-03 Adaptix, Inc. Multi-carrier communications with adaptive cluster configuration and switching
US8750238B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2014-06-10 Adaptix, Inc. Multi-carrier communications with adaptive cluster configuration and switching
US8891414B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2014-11-18 Adaptix, Inc. Multi-carrier communications with adaptive cluster configuration and switching
US8767702B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2014-07-01 Adaptix, Inc. Multi-carrier communications with adaptive cluster configuration and switching
US20030063594A1 (en) * 2001-08-13 2003-04-03 Via Technologies, Inc. Load balance device and method for packet switching
US7558585B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2009-07-07 Nokia Corporation Method of gathering location data of terminals in a communication network
US20040067758A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2004-04-08 Jaana Laiho Method of gathering location data of terminals in a communication network
US20070064491A1 (en) * 2003-11-28 2007-03-22 Wallington Jonathan P Radio resource management
US7620004B2 (en) * 2004-04-30 2009-11-17 Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. Methods of power overload control in communication systems
US20050243752A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2005-11-03 Stefan Brueck Methods of power overload control in communication systems
US8797970B2 (en) 2004-12-07 2014-08-05 Adaptix, Inc. Method and system for switching antenna and channel assignments in broadband wireless networks
US8760992B2 (en) 2004-12-07 2014-06-24 Adaptix, Inc. Method and system for switching antenna and channel assignments in broadband wireless networks
US8532689B2 (en) * 2007-10-31 2013-09-10 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Transmission behaviour for support of cell measurements
US20100311426A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2010-12-09 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Transmission Behaviour for Support of Cell Measurements
US7961610B1 (en) 2008-04-03 2011-06-14 Clear Wireless Llc Method and system for overload control

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JP2001145147A (ja) 2001-05-25
TW493357B (en) 2002-07-01
KR100759719B1 (ko) 2007-09-20
JP4527256B2 (ja) 2010-08-18
BR0004331A (pt) 2001-04-10
KR20010050707A (ko) 2001-06-15
CA2319895A1 (fr) 2001-03-29
EP1091610A1 (fr) 2001-04-11
CA2319895C (fr) 2004-06-22
CN1290081A (zh) 2001-04-04

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