Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
  • A61K35/02—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution from inanimate materials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
  • A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
  • A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
  • A61K35/60—Fish, e.g. seahorses; Fish eggs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/53—Lamiaceae or Labiatae (Mint family), e.g. thyme, rosemary or lavender
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/75—Rutaceae (Rue family)
  • A61K36/752—Citrus, e.g. lime, orange or lemon
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/87—Vitaceae or Ampelidaceae (Vine or Grape family), e.g. wine grapes, muscadine or peppervine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
  • A61K36/906—Zingiberaceae (Ginger family)
  • A61K36/9066—Curcuma, e.g. common turmeric, East Indian arrowroot or mango ginger
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
  • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
  • B01D11/0203—Solvent extraction of solids with a supercritical fluid

Definitions

• This invention relates to a procedure to extract organic products from vegetable or animal matrices, or their extracts, by means of high-pressure extraction using conventional liquid solvents and in the presence of small amounts of supercritical fluids.
• the present invention relates to a high pressure process for extraction of organic products from vegetable or animal matrices or extracts thereof wherein the process is carried out in the presence of one or more liquid solvents and one or more supercritical fluids wherein the proportion of the supercritical fluid is less than 50% by weight of the total weight of the solvent and the supercritical fluid.
• the process of the invention includes macerating the initial material at pressures of between 50 and 500 bar, in a solvent such as water, hydrocarbon, alcohol, ketone, ether, carbon halide or a mixture thereof, containing a supercritical fluid (SCF) such as CO 2 , propane, ethane or mixtures thereof in a proportion of less than 50% by weight of the total weight of the solvent and the SCF.
• a supercritical fluid such as CO 2 , propane, ethane or mixtures thereof in a proportion of less than 50% by weight of the total weight of the solvent and the SCF.
• the high working pressure causes the penetration of SCF, as it reduces its viscosity and increases diffusivity. This increase in diffusivity and reduction in viscosity causes the mobility of SCF through the inside of the cells and allows substances to be extracted at a much higher speed and in greater quantities than the conventional extractions or in other existing extraction patents to data.
• the extraction mechanism means that the product extracted by the SCF is solvated quickly with traditional solvent, setting a balance between solute-SCF-conventional solvent which allows extraction to be performed at all times with the same levels of effectiveness and performance as at the start of the process. There is a continuous transfer of matter from the cells to the conventional solvent, using an intermediate phase formed by the SCF.
• the innovation of the process over existing processes lies in the fact that proportions between SCF and conventional solvent are inverted, meaning that the resulting mixture is not an SCF but a pressure liquid or a mixture of phases.
• This process means that the main solvent is not an SCF but ethanol, water or other solvents, which are found in greater proportions.
• the SCF does not act as a solvent but as a transport vehicle between the vegetable matrix and the solvent.
• the procedure according to the invention minimizes extraction time, reduces the solvent/solute ratio and therefore reduces pumping costs, the consumption of solvent and costs for its later recuperation.
• the volume of the extractor is reduced for a certain production, or the production increases for a determined volume of extraction.
• This type of extraction can be applied to the extraction of organic products such as essential oils, dyes, alkaloids, lipids, oils, waxes, proteins, fatty acids, aromas, spices, isoprenoids, steroids, carotenes, or active pharmaceutical principles present in, or originating from extracts provided by the technique, such as oleoresin or adsorbate, or present in or originating from biological matrices, such as orange skin, paprika, grape skin, coffee, tea, medicinal plants, seeds, carrot or fish viscera.
• organic products such as essential oils, dyes, alkaloids, lipids, oils, waxes, proteins, fatty acids, aromas, spices, isoprenoids, steroids, carotenes, or active pharmaceutical principles present in, or originating from extracts provided by the technique, such as oleoresin or adsorbate, or present in or originating from biological matrices, such as orange skin, paprika, grape skin, coffee, tea, medicinal plants, seeds, carrot or fish viscera
• the solvents that can be used in the process of the invention are those solvents that are conventionally used to extract organic products from vegetable or animal matrices or extracts thereof.
• examples of such solvents include water, ethanol, and hexane.
• Preferred solvents are pentane, hexane, dichlorfluoromethane, chlorofuluromethane, dichloromethane, dimethylethere, ethylmethylether, diethylether, methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl butyl ketone, or mixtures thereof.
• Preferred SCF's include carbon dioxide, carbon anhydride, methane, ethane, propane, or mixtures thereof.
• the proportion of SCF to solvent less than 50% by weight based on the total weight of the SCF and solvent.
• the proportion of SCF to solvent is preferably between about 7 to about 35% by weight, most preferably about 11 to about 26 % by weight.
• the higher concentrations of SCF are preferred when the animal or vegetable matrix is porous or akin.
• the lower concentrations of SCF are preferred if the matrix is more compact and less porous.
• the process according to the invention is performed at pressures of between 50 and 500 bar, preferably between about 150 to about 280 bar.
• the time required to perform this operation is generally between about 0.25 and about 20 hours, preferably between about 0.5 and about 5 hours, most preferably between about 15 minutes and about 2 hours.
• the extraction temperature is typically less than 90° C., preferably between about 40° C. and about 80° C.
• the extracted product which is dissolved in the solvent is collected after depressurization.
• This technique can be combined with a separation phase which allows the extract to be recuperated or fractionated.
• This recuperation or fiactionation can be carried out following any process offered by the technique and known in the prior art.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Medical Informatics (AREA)
• Mycology (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Botany (AREA)
• Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
• Cell Biology (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Virology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
• Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)

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Cited By (16)

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Citations (2)

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• 1997
  • 1997-01-28 EP EP97903387A patent/EP0917876B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-01-28 DE DE69732031T patent/DE69732031D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1997-01-28 CA CA002250051A patent/CA2250051A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-01-28 AT AT97903387T patent/ATE285242T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-01-28 WO PCT/ES1997/000015 patent/WO1998032449A1/es active IP Right Grant
• 1998
  • 1998-09-16 US US09/154,030 patent/US6326504B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Patent Citations (2)

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