US6231287B1 - Rotor windage nut - Google Patents

Rotor windage nut Download PDF

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Publication number
US6231287B1
US6231287B1 US09/514,741 US51474100A US6231287B1 US 6231287 B1 US6231287 B1 US 6231287B1 US 51474100 A US51474100 A US 51474100A US 6231287 B1 US6231287 B1 US 6231287B1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
center hole
nut
rotor
pair
sections
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US09/514,741
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William Lee Herron
Srihari Balasubramanian
Horst Gunther DeLorenzi
Suryaprakash Ganti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US09/514,741 priority Critical patent/US6231287B1/en
Assigned to GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY reassignment GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BALASUBRAMANIAN, SRIHARI, DELORENZI, HORST GUNTHER, GANTI, SURYAPRAKASH, HERRON, WILLIAM LEE
Assigned to ENERGY, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF reassignment ENERGY, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF CONFIRMATORY LICENSE (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
Priority to CZ20003321A priority patent/CZ20003321A3/cs
Priority to DE60036071T priority patent/DE60036071T2/de
Priority to KR1020000062851A priority patent/KR20010085240A/ko
Priority to EP00309408A priority patent/EP1128022B1/de
Priority to AT00309408T priority patent/ATE371098T1/de
Priority to JP2000327892A priority patent/JP4731004B2/ja
Publication of US6231287B1 publication Critical patent/US6231287B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/06—Rotors for more than one axial stage, e.g. of drum or multiple disc type; Details thereof, e.g. shafts, shaft connections
    • F01D5/066—Connecting means for joining rotor-discs or rotor-elements together, e.g. by a central bolt, by clamps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B27/00—Bolts, screws, or nuts formed in integral series but easily separable, particularly for use in automatic machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05B2260/301—Retaining bolts or nuts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/10—Two-dimensional
    • F05D2250/11—Two-dimensional triangular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/10—Two-dimensional
    • F05D2250/14—Two-dimensional elliptical
    • F05D2250/141—Two-dimensional elliptical circular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/70—Shape
    • F05D2250/71—Shape curved
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/97—Reducing windage losses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/17—Alloys
    • F05D2300/171—Steel alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • This invention relates to turbomachinery in general and, specifically, to a new design for nuts used with bolts that tie sections of a rotor or stator assembly together.
  • Axially extending tie bolts are used in rotary machines, such as turbines used for power generation, to hold various components such as turbine stages, nozzles and spacers together on the core shaft of the rotor (or other components in the stator assembly). These bolts are typically circumferentially spaced about the rotor, with an annular rotor cavity or groove provided for accommodating the associated nuts.
  • the bolting that extends into cavities bounded by both rotor and stator components can significantly affect the flow of air in those cavities by pumping the air around the rotor circumference. This pumping action increases the air's tangential velocity if the bolts are on the rotor, and slows it down if the bolts are on the stator. Regardless of direction, the acceleration results in frictional heating of the gas, increasing its temperature as well as the temperature of adjacent components.
  • windage is undesirable, in that it uses energy from the machine thus reducing efficiency, and in that the increased component temperatures can limit part life.
  • the cover may be a separate piece, or it may be introduced by shaping the nut to present a segmented 360 degree surface to the cavity. This latter approach is used at one end of the rotor of certain of the assignee's land based gas turbines. More specifically, the nuts themselves form a part of the wall of the air cavity between the rotor and stator components.
  • Each nut has a compound peripheral surface, a radially outer part of which conforms generally to the curvature of the rotor and which defines a pair of oppositely extending cantilevered “wings.”
  • a large hole in the center of the nut is threaded to receive the bolt in conventional fashion.
  • Two smaller holes to either side of the central hole, i.e., below the “wings,” are provided to reduce the weight of the nut. Even with this feature, however, each nut weighs slightly over 9.5 lbs.
  • the “wings” on the nut bridge the space between adjacent nuts, with the “wing tips” of adjacent nuts coming close to, but not contacting each other.
  • the outer surfaces of the assembled nuts present a substantially continuous, smooth surface to the rotor-stator cavity of which they form a part of the cavity wall.
  • the wall thickness of the nut varies in the different areas and this non-uniformity presents a variable stiffness, which in turn causes a circumferential variation in load transfer to the bolt.
  • the wings that are essentially cantilevered from the sides of the nut
  • the present invention provides an improvement in the existing aft windage nut design. Specifically, the wing areas of the nut have been changed from a cantilevered design to a buttressed design, thus allowing a smoother, more uniform shape which, in turn, permits the various thicknesses to be more uniform as well.
  • the thin buttresses more uniformly transfer the loading of the wings into the hoop direction of the nut, further enhancing load uniformity.
  • the uniform wall thicknesses also reduce weight, resulting in a reduction of peak and average loads transferred to the bolt.
  • the present invention relates to a rotor tie bolt nut comprising a nut body having a threaded center hole therein; a first peripheral surface on one side of the center hole that spans the center hole and extends in opposite directions to define a pair of wing sections; and a pair of buttress sections supporting the wing sections; the buttress sections having second and third peripheral surfaces connected to opposite ends, respectively, of the first peripheral surface, and to each other by a radiused surface on an opposite side of the center hole.
  • the invention provides, in a rotor body for rotating machinery where rotor components are held together by a plurality of axially extending bolts, each bolt having a nut threaded onto one end of the bolt; and wherein the rotor is formed with an annular cavity in which the plurality of bolts terminate and in which the plurality of nuts are located, each nut comprising a nut body having a threaded center hole therein; a first peripheral surface on one side of the center hole that spans the center hole and extends in opposite directions to define a pair of wing sections; and a pair of buttress sections supporting the wing sections; the buttress sections having second and third peripheral surfaces connected to opposite ends, respectively, of the first peripheral surface, and to each other by a radiused surface on an opposite side of the center hole.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial cross section of a rotor and associated windage nut known in the art
  • FIG. 2 is an end elevation of the nut shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an end elevation of a windage nut in accordance with this invention.
  • FIG. 1 partially illustrates a rotating machine rotor 10 , which may be the rotor of a gas turbine, one part of which is formed with a peripheral annular groove 12 that accommodates a plurality of rotor windage nuts 14 arranged about the groove 12 , and adapted to receive the threaded ends of a like plurality of tie bolts 16 .
  • a stator 18 is partially shown, and it will be appreciated that the stator 18 surrounds the rotor 10 , with a radial gap 20 therebetween.
  • FIG. 2 shows the peripheral shape of a conventional rotor windage nut 14 that is formed with a center hole 22 , the internal surface of which is threaded to receive the threaded end of the bolt 16 .
  • Two additional smaller holes 24 and 26 are provided in respective wing sections 28 , 30 , respectively, merely to reduce the overall weight of the nut
  • the nut includes a first peripheral surface 32 that spans the center hole 22 and the wing sections 28 , 30 .
  • Surface 32 has a curvature substantially the same as the curvature of the rotor 10 .
  • a plurality of similar windage nuts 14 are seated within the peripheral annular groove 12 in the rotor such that the curved surface portions 32 form a substantially continuous peripheral surface about the cavity or groove 12 to thus minimize the windage effect.
  • Each nut 14 is also provided with curved surfaces 34 , 36 that cooperate with the surface portion 32 to form the opposite wing sections 28 , 30 .
  • Interior surfaces 38 and 40 are connected by a bottom or root surface 42 , thus completing the peripheral shape of the nut. It will be appreciated that the wing sections 28 and 30 are essentially cantilevered from the main portion of the nut. The disadvantages resulting from this arrangement and from this arrangement and from the evident non-uniformity in wall thicknesses have been described above.
  • FIG. 3 a redesigned rotor tie bolt nut 44 in accordance with this invention is illustrated.
  • a center hole 46 the internal surface of which is threaded to receive the threaded end of the bolt 16 .
  • Two generally triangular shaped holes 48 and 50 are provided within a pair of opposite wing sections 52 , 54 , respectively.
  • a first or outer peripheral surface 56 of the nut is similar to surface 32 of the nut shown in FIG. 2, in that when a plurality of nuts 44 are aligned within the peripheral groove 12 , like surfaces 56 form a substantially continuous peripheral surface about the rotor, as apparent from FIG. 3 .
  • the center hole diameter is 3.5 inches
  • the circumferential length of surface 56 is about 10 inches
  • the wall thickness at any location is approximately 0.50 inch.
  • the predicted weight of the tie bolt nut 44 is lowered to below 9 pounds, an approximate 6% reduction in weight as compared to the nut design shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the peak stresses are also lowered more than 6%.
  • the effect of the redistribution of load is that the loading is more evenly distributed, not just circumferentially around the bolt, but also axially along the bolt.
  • stress analyses have been conducted and have shown that the Von Mises stress value has been dropped from about 150 Ksi to about 140 Ksi.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
US09/514,741 2000-02-28 2000-02-28 Rotor windage nut Expired - Lifetime US6231287B1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/514,741 US6231287B1 (en) 2000-02-28 2000-02-28 Rotor windage nut
CZ20003321A CZ20003321A3 (cs) 2000-02-28 2000-09-12 Ventilační matice rotoru
AT00309408T ATE371098T1 (de) 2000-02-28 2000-10-25 Ventilationsverlustmindernde gewindemutter für einen strömungsmaschinenrotor
KR1020000062851A KR20010085240A (ko) 2000-02-28 2000-10-25 회전자 고정 볼트 너트 및 회전 기계용 회전자 조립체
DE60036071T DE60036071T2 (de) 2000-02-28 2000-10-25 Ventilationsverlustmindernde Gewindemutter für einen Strömungsmaschinenrotor
EP00309408A EP1128022B1 (de) 2000-02-28 2000-10-25 Ventilationsverlustmindernde Gewindemutter für einen Strömungsmaschinenrotor
JP2000327892A JP4731004B2 (ja) 2000-02-28 2000-10-27 ロータウインデイジナット

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/514,741 US6231287B1 (en) 2000-02-28 2000-02-28 Rotor windage nut

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US6231287B1 true US6231287B1 (en) 2001-05-15

Family

ID=24048493

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/514,741 Expired - Lifetime US6231287B1 (en) 2000-02-28 2000-02-28 Rotor windage nut

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6231287B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1128022B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4731004B2 (de)
KR (1) KR20010085240A (de)
AT (1) ATE371098T1 (de)
CZ (1) CZ20003321A3 (de)
DE (1) DE60036071T2 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20010085240A (ko) * 2000-02-28 2001-09-07 제이 엘. 차스킨, 버나드 스나이더, 아더엠. 킹 회전자 고정 볼트 너트 및 회전 기계용 회전자 조립체
US20160258292A1 (en) * 2013-10-29 2016-09-08 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Nut and rotary machine

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2869374B1 (fr) * 2004-04-23 2009-01-30 Snecma Moteurs Sa Systeme de fixation de pieces par des goujons a collerettes

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1865346A (en) * 1930-01-02 1932-06-28 William E Wells Nut
US2575237A (en) * 1947-04-10 1951-11-13 Wright Aeronautical Corp Multistage bladed rotor
US3632228A (en) * 1970-07-29 1972-01-04 Gen Electric Device for locking turbomachinery blades
US4245959A (en) * 1978-11-13 1981-01-20 General Electric Company Windage nut
US5796202A (en) * 1997-02-20 1998-08-18 General Electric Co. Tie bolt and stacked wheel assembly for the rotor of a rotary machine

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4190397A (en) * 1977-11-23 1980-02-26 General Electric Company Windage shield
US5211541A (en) * 1991-12-23 1993-05-18 General Electric Company Turbine support assembly including turbine heat shield and bolt retainer assembly
JPH08145031A (ja) * 1994-11-16 1996-06-04 Hirata Kogyo Kk 分割ナットおよびその製造方法
JPH08284930A (ja) * 1995-04-18 1996-11-01 Nippondenso Co Ltd 調整ネジ固定装置及びそれに用いる工具
JPH10236101A (ja) * 1997-02-26 1998-09-08 Washi Kosan Kk 組立型マグネシウム合金製ホイール
JPH11229093A (ja) * 1998-02-09 1999-08-24 Daido Steel Co Ltd 高耐食性・高強度ステンレス鋼
US6231287B1 (en) * 2000-02-28 2001-05-15 General Electric Co. Rotor windage nut

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1865346A (en) * 1930-01-02 1932-06-28 William E Wells Nut
US2575237A (en) * 1947-04-10 1951-11-13 Wright Aeronautical Corp Multistage bladed rotor
US3632228A (en) * 1970-07-29 1972-01-04 Gen Electric Device for locking turbomachinery blades
US4245959A (en) * 1978-11-13 1981-01-20 General Electric Company Windage nut
US5796202A (en) * 1997-02-20 1998-08-18 General Electric Co. Tie bolt and stacked wheel assembly for the rotor of a rotary machine

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20010085240A (ko) * 2000-02-28 2001-09-07 제이 엘. 차스킨, 버나드 스나이더, 아더엠. 킹 회전자 고정 볼트 너트 및 회전 기계용 회전자 조립체
US20160258292A1 (en) * 2013-10-29 2016-09-08 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Nut and rotary machine
US10273806B2 (en) * 2013-10-29 2019-04-30 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Nut and rotary machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1128022A2 (de) 2001-08-29
DE60036071T2 (de) 2008-05-15
JP2001254717A (ja) 2001-09-21
JP4731004B2 (ja) 2011-07-20
EP1128022B1 (de) 2007-08-22
EP1128022A3 (de) 2004-05-26
DE60036071D1 (de) 2007-10-04
KR20010085240A (ko) 2001-09-07
CZ20003321A3 (cs) 2001-10-17
ATE371098T1 (de) 2007-09-15

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