Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
  • C08L9/06—Copolymers with styrene
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
  • B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F236/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F236/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F236/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
  • C08F236/10—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated with vinyl-aromatic monomers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2030/00—Pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
  • B29L2030/002—Treads
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T152/00—Resilient tires and wheels
  • Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
  • Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube

Definitions

• the invention relates to utilization of a specialized pre-blend of high viscosity and low viscosity elastomers in rubber compositions. It particularly relates to preparation and use of a pre-blend of high and low viscosity elastomers by blending individual latices or, alternatively, by blending individual polymerizate cements of elastomers of diverse viscosities. Use of such pre-blends is contemplated for rubber compositions as tire components, including tire tread rubber compositions.
• High viscosity elastomers are often used in tire tread rubber compositions. Such elastomers have a very high Mooney (ML4) viscosity value in their unvulcanized state in a range of, for example, about 70 to about 140. Elastomers of such high viscosity are typically difficult to process for preparation of rubber compositions because it is very difficult to mix rubber compounding ingredients such as, for example, carbon black and silica reinforcing fillers, in high viscosity rubber. This problematic aspect is well known to those having skill in such art.
• Liquid elastomers have also sometimes been used for such purpose with similar difficulties where the elastomers are substantially saturated in nature.
• a latex insofar as this invention is concerned, is normally prepared by polymerizing diene monomers, optionally also with styrene,in a water-based medium, usually as an emulsion accompanied with suitable emulsifiers, with a free radical catalyst activators (s). Often a redox polymerization system is used. Descriptions of various polymerizations may be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,080,334; in Synthetic Rubber by G. S. Whitby, 1954, particularly Chapter 8 and Emulsion Polymerization by F. A. Bovey et al, Vol. IX of "High Polymers", Interscience Publishers, Inc., 1955. Various organic initiators are described by J.
• a styrene/butadiene copolymer elastomer can be prepared by such aqueous emulsion polymerization process.
• the Mooney viscosity of the resulting copolymer can be controlled to some degree by the various polymerization parameters so that such copolymer of a relatively high Mooney or of a relatively very low Mooney (ML4) value can be prepared. It is believed that such aqueous emulsion polymerization processes are well known to those having skill in such art.
• polymerizate cement or polymerizate cement
• cement polymerizate cement
• polymerizate cement it is meant that it is the product of individually polymerizing monomers selected from at least one conjugated diene or at least one conjugated diene with an aromatic vinyl compound such as, for example, styrene and/or alpha-methylstyrene, in the presence of catalyst initiator(s) and in an organic solvent and stopping the actual polymerizing of the monomers but before the resulting polymer is removed from the polymerizate.
• vulcanized vulcanize
• Tg refers to the "glass transition temperature of a particular elastomer”. Glass transition temperatures are well known characterizations of elastomers. They may, for example, be suitably determined by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) instrument with a heating rate of 20° C. per minute.
• DSC differential scanning calorimeter
• Mooney viscosity where used herein, unless otherwise specified, may be referred to as an (ML4) viscosity and refers to "a viscosity of an elastomer in its uncured state, and without appreciable additives dispersed therein other than antidegradants, measured by (or according to) ASTM Test Method D1646 conducted at 100° C.”
• ML4 viscosity a viscosity of an elastomer in its uncured state, and without appreciable additives dispersed therein other than antidegradants, measured by (or according to) ASTM Test Method D1646 conducted at 100° C.”
• ML1+4 a shorthand for meaning Mooney Large (using the large rotor) with a one minute static warm-up before determining the viscosity after four minutes.
• a ML4 viscosity measurement is intended to mean the ML1+4 viscosity measurement.
• a method of preparing an elastomer composition comprises the steps of (A) blending (1) a first latex of a diene-based elastomer having a Mooney (ML4) viscosity in a range of about 70 to about 140 with an additional latex of a diene-based elastomer having a Mooney (ML4) viscosity in a range of about 5 to about 20 or (2) a first polymerizate of a diene-based elastomer having a Mooney (ML4) viscosity in a range of about 70 to about 140 with an additional polymerizate of a diene-based elastomer having a Mooney (ML4) viscosity in a range of about 5 to about 20, followed by (B) drying and recovering the resulting elastomer blend; wherein the weight ratio of said first high viscosity elastomer to said additional low viscosity elastomer is in a range of about 20/1
• the above recovered elastomer blend of this invention may be referred to herein as a pre-blend.
• the said additional low viscosity elastomer is not a liquid elastomer and, further, that said high viscosity first elastomer and said low viscosity additional elastomers have spatially defined Mooney (ML4) viscosities that differ from each other by a value of at least 50.
• ML4 Mooney
• the pre-blend does not contain any appreciable amount (i.e. preferably zero, although alternatively less than ten, weight percent based on the blend) of any elastomer having a Mooney (ML4) viscosity intermediate to the said viscosity ranges of said first and additional elastomers of the blend, namely a viscosity value in a range between 20 and 70.
• any appreciable amount i.e. preferably zero, although alternatively less than ten, weight percent based on the blend
• the blend, or pre-blend is required to be composed of at least about 66 weight percent of the said first, high viscosity, elastomer, insofar as the elastomer pre-blend is concerned.
• both the first and additional elastomers are prepared by either (1) polymerization of monomers in the presence of a catalyst initiator(s) in an organic solvent to create a polymerizate thereof and that, for the purposes of this invention, it is the individual polymerizates which are blended together or by (2) providing latices of the diverse elastomers and blending them together.
• the diene-based elastomers for said first and second elastomers are selected from homopolymers and copolymers of conjugated dienes such as, for example, isoprene and 1,3-butadiene and from copolymers of such diene hydrocarbons and an aromatic vinyl compound such as, for example, styrene and/or alpha-methylstyrene.
• such an elastomer blend, or pre-blend which is exclusive of rubber processing oil or substantially exclusive thereof by containing less than about five weight percent of rubber processing oil, based on the elastomers of the blend.
• a method of preparing a rubber composition comprises blending in an internal rubber mixer and based on 100 phr of elastomer, (A) about 50 to about 100, or alternatively about 50 to about 90, phr of the elastomer pre-blend of this invention and (B) about zero to about 50, alternatively about 10 to about 50, phr of at least one additional elastomer having an intermediate Mooney (ML4) viscosity in a range between 20 and 70 selected from homopolymers and copolymers of conjugated dienes such as, for example, isoprene and 1,3-butadiene and from copolymers of such diene hydrocarbons and an aromatic vinyl compound such as, for example, styrene and/or alpha-methylstyrene.
• ML4 intermediate Mooney
• a rubber composition is provided as the above blend of said pre-blend and additional elastomer(s).
• a tire having a component comprised of said blend of said pre-blend and additional elastomer(s).
• a tire having a tread of a rubber composition comprised of said blend of said pre-blend and additional elastomer(s).
• a tire having a tread of a rubber composition comprised of, based on 100 phr of elastomers, (A) about 50 to about 100, alternatively about 50 to about 90, phr of said pre blend and about zero, alternatively about 10 to about 50, phr of at least additional one diene-based elastomer having an intermediate Mooney (ML4) viscosity in a range of about 40 to about 60, (B) about 40 to about 100, alternatively about 60 to about 90, phr of particulate reinforcing filler selected from (1) carbon black or (2) carbon black and silica, where the silica is preferably precipitated silica, with a weight ratio of carbon black to silica in a range of about 1/20 to about 20/1, alternatively about 1/5 to about 5/1; (C) at least one coupling agent, having a moiety reactive with silanol and with hydroxyl groups contained on the surface of said silica and/or carbon black as
• the coupling agent is used in a weight ratio of silica and/or carbon black, as the case may be, of about 7/1 to about 15/1.
• the coupler may be a bis 3-(trialkoxysilylalkyl) polysulfide having from 2 to about 8 sulfur atoms in its polysulfidic bridge.
• Exemplary of such a bis 3-(trialkoxysilylalkyl) polysulfide coupling agent may be such an agent where said alkyl groups are selected from methyl, ethyl and propyl groups.
• it may be a bis 3-(triethoxysilylpropyl) polysulfide having an average of about 2.1 to about 4, alternatively about 2.1 to 2.5 or alternatively about 3.5 to about 4, sulfur atoms in its polysulfidic bridge.
• the tread rubber composition is required to contain an appreciable content of elastomer(s) having a relatively high Mooney viscosity (ML4), provided by way of the pre-blend of this invention, which is normally relatively difficult to easily process in conventional rubber processing equipment absent the preparation and utilization of the pre-blend of this invention.
• ML4 Mooney viscosity
• a desirability of utilizing such high viscosity elastomer(s) in a tire tread rubber composition is, for example, to enhance abrasion resistance and treadwear performance.
• the tread rubber composition is required to contain an appreciable content of elastomer(s) having a relatively low Mooney viscosity (ML4).
• Mooney viscosity elastomer(s) are not liquid and are normally considered to be relatively difficult to process but for a very different reason.
• Such elastomers are usually rather sticky and, thus, hard to handle both outside of and inside of an internal rubber mixer such as a Banbury mixer.
• the pre-blend elastomer composition is required to be essentially exclusive of elastomers having a Mooney viscosity (ML4) in a range between 20 and 70. This is because it is considered herein that inclusion of such elastomer would tend to reduce, or dilute, the desirable effect of the high viscosity elastomer for enhancing an abrasion resistance property of the rubber composition and, also, tend to reduce the effect of the inclusion of the low Mooney viscosity elastomer on the overall processing (mixing and handling) of the pre-blend rubber composition.
• Mooney viscosity ML4
• elastomers in such intermediate rubber viscosity range are, for example, synthetic cis 1,4-polyisoprene rubber, various styrene/butadiene elastomers and cis 1,4-polybutadiene rubbers so long as they have the required intermediate Mooney viscosity values.
• elastomer reinforcing carbon blacks can be used in the practice of this invention for the tire tread rubber composition as would be well known to those skilled in such art.
• relatively high reinforcing carbon blacks are contemplated such as those having an Iodine number in a range of about 80 to about 150 and a DBP (dibutylphthalate) value in a range of about 90 to about 150 as exemplified in The Vanderbilt Rubber Handbook (1990), page 417).
• the N121, N220, N234, N330 and N375 carbon blacks might be contemplated.
• silica used in rubber compounding applications can be used as the silica in this invention, including pyrogenic and precipitated siliceous pigments (silica), although precipitated silicas are preferred.
• the siliceous pigments preferably employed in this invention are precipitated silicas such as, for example, those obtained by the acidification of a soluble silicate, e.g., sodium silicate.
• the BET surface area of the silica may be in a range of about 100 to about 250, preferably about 120 to about 200, square meters per gram (m 2 /g) .
• the BET method of measuring surface area is described in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, Volume 60, page 304 (1930).
• the silica also may typically have a dibutylphthalate (DBP) value in a range of about 100 to about 400, and usually about 150 to about 300 ml/100 g.
• DBP dibutylphthalate
• silicas may be considered for use in this invention such as, for example only and without limitation, silicas commercially available from PPG Industries under the Hi-Sil trademark with designations 210, 243, etc; silicas available from Rhone-Poulenc, with designation of Zeosil 1165MP, silicas available from Degussa AG with designations VN2 and VN3, and BV3370GR and from J.M. Huber as, for example, Zeopol 8745.
• the rubber composition of the tread rubber would be compounded by methods generally known in the rubber compounding art such as mixing the various sulfur-vulcanizable constituent rubbers with various commonly used additive materials such as, for example, curing aids, such as sulfur, activators, retarders and accelerators, processing additives, such as oils, resins including tackifying resins, silicas, and plasticizers, fillers, pigments, fatty acid, zinc oxide, waxes, antioxidants and antiozonants, peptizing agents and reinforcing materials such as, for example, carbon black.
• curing aids such as sulfur, activators, retarders and accelerators
• processing additives such as oils, resins including tackifying resins, silicas, and plasticizers
• fillers pigments, fatty acid, zinc oxide, waxes, antioxidants and antiozonants
• peptizing agents and reinforcing materials such as, for example, carbon black.
• the additives mentioned above are selected and commonly used in conventional amounts.
• Typical amounts of tackifier resins comprise about 0.5 to about 10 phr, usually about 1 to about 5 phr.
• processing aids comprise about 1 to about 50 phr.
• processing aids can include, for example, aromatic, napthenic, and/or paraffinic processing oils.
• Typical amounts of antioxidants comprise about 1 to about 5 phr. Representative antioxidants may be, for example, diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine and others, such as, for example, those disclosed in The Vanderbilt Rubber Handbook (1978), pages 344-346.
• Typical amounts of antiozonants comprise about 1 to about 5 phr.
• Typical amounts of fatty acids, if used, which can include stearic acid comprise about 0.5 to about 5 phr.
• Typical amounts of zinc oxide comprise about 2 to about 5 phr.
• Typical amounts of waxes comprise about 1 to about 5 phr. Often microcrystalline waxes are used.
• Typical amounts of peptizers comprise about 0.1 to about 1 phr. Typical peptizers may be, for example, pentachlorothiophenol and dibenzamidodiphenyl disulfide.
• the vulcanization is conducted in the presence of a sulfur vulcanizing agent.
• suitable sulfur vulcanizing agents include elemental sulfur (free sulfur) or sulfur donating vulcanizing agents, for example, an amine disulfide, polymeric polysulfide or sulfur olefin adducts.
• the sulfur vulcanizing agent is elemental sulfur.
• sulfur vulcanizing agents are used in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 4 phr, with a range of from about 0.5 to about 2.5 being sometimes preferred.
• Accelerators are used to control the time and/or temperature required for vulcanization and to improve the properties of the vulcanizate. Retarders are also used to control the rate of vulcanization.
• a single accelerator system may be used, i.e., primary accelerator.
• a primary accelerator(s) is used in total amounts ranging from about 0.5 to about 4, alternatively about 1.2 to about 2.0, phr.
• combinations of a primary and secondary accelerator might be used, with the secondary accelerator being used in amounts of about 0.05 to about 3 phr, for example, in order to activate and to improve the properties of the vulcanizate.
• accelerators might be expected to produce a synergistic effect on the final properties and are somewhat better than those produced by use of either accelerator alone.
• delayed action accelerators may be used which are not affected by normal processing temperatures but produce a satisfactory cure at ordinary vulcanization temperatures.
• Suitable types of accelerators that may be used in the present invention are amines, disulfides, guanidines, thioureas, thiazoles, thiurams, sulfenamides, dithiocarbamates and xanthates.
• the primary accelerator is a sulfenamide.
• the secondary accelerator is preferably a guanidine, dithiocarbamate or thiuram compound.
• the tire can be built, shaped, molded and cured by various methods which will be readily apparent to those having skill in such art.
• the first, high viscosity, styrene/butadiene rubber (the first rubber) had a very high Mooney (ML4) viscosity of about 110.
• the additional, low viscosity, styrene/butadiene rubber had a very low Mooney (ML4) viscosity of about 6. It would not be considered a semi-solid and certainly not a liquid polymer.
• the first elastomer latex of styrene/butadiene rubber is prepared by copolymerizing styrene and 1,3-butadiene in the presence of an emulsion redux catalyst in a water-based polymerization system. The polymerization is stopped by shortstop addition, thereby creating the resulting latex.
• the latex is composed of, primarily, about 20-25 weight percent of the copolymer elastomer and about 80-75 weight percent of water, as well as a very small amount of emulsifiers and catalyst residue. Such method of preparing such latex is well known to those skilled in such art.
• the additional elastomer latex of styrene/butadiene rubber is similarly prepared with similar elastomer concentration in the latex mixture with conditions being controlled to yield the low viscosity copolymer elastomer.
• the first and additional latices are blended together, in various ratios, by mixing in a mixer at a temperature of about 23° C.
• the first and additional styrene/butadiene rubbers are then recovered as a pre-blend from the blended latices by simply drying in an air oven at about 80° C. to about 100° C.
• the resulting, recovered pre-blend was composed of about 55 phr of the first, high Mooney viscosity, SBR and about 45 phr of the additional, low Mooney viscosity, SBR.
• the pre-blend had a Mooney viscosity value of about 45.
• the pre-blend is identified herein as pre-blend A.
• rubber compositions are prepared by blending the recovered pre-blend of Example I with various elastomers.
• the blends for this Example included a Control, as well as experimental blends X and, which are shown in the following Table 1.
• Control blends (Ctrl M and Ctrl N) are prepared, for comparison purposes, using emulsion polymerization prepared and organic solution prepared styrene/butadiene copolymer elastomers but without the elastomer pre-blend of this invention.
• the rubber compositions for this Example were prepared in an internal rubber mixer using three separate stages of addition (mixing), namely, two sequential non-productive mix stages (without the sulfur and accelerator curatives) to a temperature of about 150° C. and one final productive mix stage (with sulfur and accelerator curatives) to a temperature of about 105° C.
• Emulsion polymerization prepared styrene/butadiene copolymer rubber containing 23.5 percent bound styrene and 37.5 phr of aromatic processing oil and a Mooney viscosity (ML4) of about 46 at 100° C. obtained as PLF1712 from The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company;
• Aromatic rubber processing oil
• Table 2 illustrates the various physical properties of the cured rubber compositions.
• the rubber compositions had been cured at 150° C. for about 18 minutes.
• Tread die extrudate appearance where a 1 rating assigned herein is good in a sense of being as being relatively smooth and a 10 rating assigned herein is bad as being relatively rough in visual appearance.
• Modulus and hardness values of Exp's X and Y are up, as compared to their Controls, (M) and (N), which is indicative of improved tire handling for a tire tread.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Tires In General (AREA)
• Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
• Tyre Moulding (AREA)

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• 1999
  • 1999-03-09 US US09/264,774 patent/US6166140A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-03-10 ZA ZA9901952A patent/ZA991952B/xx unknown
  • 1999-03-10 CA CA002265144A patent/CA2265144A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-03-10 DE DE69928035T patent/DE69928035T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-03-10 ES ES99104755T patent/ES2251799T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-03-10 EP EP99104755A patent/EP0942043B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-03-10 BR BR9917237-2A patent/BR9917237A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-03-11 JP JP11065073A patent/JPH11315167A/ja active Pending
• 2000
  • 2000-10-03 US US09/677,620 patent/US6232404B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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