US5881475A - Non-draining type human waste disposal method by pulse combustion drying - Google Patents

Non-draining type human waste disposal method by pulse combustion drying Download PDF

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Publication number
US5881475A
US5881475A US08/945,605 US94560597A US5881475A US 5881475 A US5881475 A US 5881475A US 94560597 A US94560597 A US 94560597A US 5881475 A US5881475 A US 5881475A
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United States
Prior art keywords
combustion gas
dryer
human waste
dried powder
dust
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US08/945,605
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English (en)
Inventor
Ken Kishimoto
Atsuyoshi Kubotani
Takashi Enkawa
Tateo Asatsu
Toshiaki Kikuchi
Shunji Kishima
Hitoshi Touji
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PULTECH Corp
Original Assignee
Osaka Fuji Kogyo KK
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Publication date
Application filed by Osaka Fuji Kogyo KK filed Critical Osaka Fuji Kogyo KK
Assigned to KISHIMOTO, KEN, OSAKA FUJI KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISYA reassignment KISHIMOTO, KEN ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ASATSU, TATEO, ENKAWA, TAKASHI, KIKUHCI, TOSHIAKI, KISHIMA, SHUNJI, KISHIMOTO, KEN, KUBOTANI, ATSUYOSHI, TOUJI, HITOSHI
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Publication of US5881475A publication Critical patent/US5881475A/en
Assigned to PULTECH CORPORATION reassignment PULTECH CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OSAKA FUJI KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISYA
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/02—Heating arrangements using combustion heating
    • F26B23/026—Heating arrangements using combustion heating with pulse combustion, e.g. pulse jet combustion drying of particulate materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C15/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in pulses influenced by acoustic resonance in a gas mass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/10—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour carrying the materials or objects to be dried with it
    • F26B3/12—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour carrying the materials or objects to be dried with it in the form of a spray, i.e. sprayed or dispersed emulsions or suspensions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for treatment of human waste, and specifically to a non-draining type human waste disposal method without discharging drainage outwardly.
  • the present invention aims at providing a non-draining type human waste disposal method which enables a reduced installation area and no outside discharge of the drainage.
  • a non-draining type human waste disposal method comprises steps of discharging downward a pulsating combustion gas into a vertically cylindrical dryer from a pulse combustor disposed at the top of the dryer, making contact the pulsating combustion gas with residue-removed human waste, digester chamber sludges or their mixtures charged therein, turning the charged matters to dried powder and steam under the dryer conditions of 120°-150° C., withdrawing the dried powder from the bottom of the dryer, withdrawing the combustion gas containing steam from a lower side of the dryer, removing dust from the combustion gas containing steam and maintained at 120°-150° C., deodorizing the dust-removed combustion gas, and exhausting the deodorized gas into the air.
  • the method may include the steps of withdrawing the dried powder and the combustion gas containing steam from bottom of the dryer, charging the withdrawn material maintained at 120°-150° C. to an incinerator, incinerating odorous components and the dried powder entrained in the combustion gas containing steam under supply of a fuel and combustion air, removing dust from the incineration waste gas, and exhausting the dust-removed gas into the air.
  • the dried powder is incinerated to leave the ash only, which reduces the volume of solid exhausts so remarkably.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a pulse combustor employable in the present invention.
  • Human waste is subjected to pre-treatments as follows. Human waste carried by tank lorries is collected in receiving tanks, human waste residues are separated by passing the human waste through a primary human waste screen (coarse) and a secondary human waste screen (fine), and the screen-passed human waste is stored in a storage tank. The stored human waste is crushed with a human waste residue crushing pump, the crushed human waste is passed through a 5 mm-mesh tertiary human waste screen to remove further residues, and the residue-removed human waste is stored in a service tank.
  • An embodiment of the present invention will be illustrated hereunder by use of FIG. 1.
  • Human waste stored in a service tank (not shown) is charged through a human waste supply pump (not shown) to the human waste feeder 2 of the vertically cylindrical dryer 1 to be sprayed toward a pulsating combustion gas blown downward from the pulsating combustion gas exhausting pipe 35 of the pulse combustor 3 disposed at the top of the dryer, and the sprayed human waste makes contact with the combustion gas.
  • the pulsating combustion gas itself is as hot as over 1000° C., the gas may better be supplied to the dryer at 500°-600° C. after being mixed with secondary air.
  • most solid matters of human waste contain cell membranes, evaporation of water inside of cell membranes takes time under ordinary drying with hot gases.
  • Pulse combustion gases pulsate at 50-700 cycles (Hz), usually at 100-150 cycles (Hz), and are accompanied with sound wave and pressure wave. By their effects, the cell membranes of human waste are destroyed rapidly and dehydrated instantly to turn the human waste into dry powder and steam.
  • the dryer is operated at the temperature conditions of above 100° C. for not to cause bedewing and corrosion by the combustion gas but below 250° C. for not to cause ignition of the dried powder, from which an operation at 120°-150° C. is preferred.
  • the pulsating combustion gas contacts in the dryer with human waste of about 97% water content, the human waste is dehydrated instantly and the temperature in the dryer turns to 120°-150° C.
  • Temperatures in the dryer can be regulated arbitrary by controlling amount of the fuel, amount of the secondary air added to the pulsating combustion gas and the feeding rate of human waste.
  • Dried powders having a relatively large specific weight precipitate by themselves on the bottom portion of the dryer, collected by the scraper 4, and discharged with the screw conveyer 5 from the bottom portion. Though the dried powder is fibrous or particulate and is not sticky, the powder is scraped from the wall of dryer with the scraper and discharged with the screw conveyer from bottom portion of the dryer. Dried powders having a relatively small specific weight are removed while passing together with the combustion gas through the primary dust remover 6 and the secondary dust remover 7, and discharged with the screw conveyer 5.
  • the dust-removed combustion gas is sucked with a suction fan (not shown), deodorized with the deodorizing apparatus 8, and discharged into the air.
  • Combustion gas containing steam from the dryer is maintained at temperatures above the dew point to be subjected to dust-removing and then deodorizing.
  • powders are collected with a conveyer into a hopper, discharged therefrom quantitatively to a pelletizer to be solidified into pellets, and the pellet is incinerated in a incinerator along with human waste residues recovered with the primary, secondary and tertiary screens. Solid materials in the total human waste is about 3%.
  • Calorific power of the human waste residue recovered with the primary, secondary and tertiary screens is about 6000 kcal/kg; calorific power of the dried powder collected with scraper or primary dust remover is about 4000 kcal/kg, true specific gravity is 1.55 and bulk density is 0.08; and calorific power of the dried powder collected with the secondary dust remover is about 2250 kcal/kg, true specific gravity is 1.59 and bulk density is 0.22.
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which two sets of the pulse combustor 3 are installed in the dryer 1.
  • the human waste separated from residues, digester chamber sludges and a mixture thereof are sprayed and made contact with the pulsating combustion gas under the conditions of 120°-150° C. in the dryer to turn them into the dried powder and steam, in the same manner as illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the dried powder and the combustion gas containing steam are withdrawn from the bottom portion of the dryer, the dried powder maintained at 120°-150° C. is charged to the dried powder combustion facility 9, dried powder entrained in the combustion gas and odorous components are incinerated at 600°-800° C.
  • a pulsating combustion gas is a hot combustion gas generated by a so-called pulse combustor and the gas is pulsating generally at the rate of 50-700 cycles per second.
  • a humidified material is introduced into the atmosphere of the pulsating combustion gas, the material is subjected not only to the drying effect by the hot combustion gas but also to physical impulse actions (sonic power and pressure, etc.) by the rapidly pulsating gas, and the humidified material turns instantly to dehydrated material.
  • dryers for dehydrating humidified materials by use of pulse combustors as the source of hot gas are calling attention.
  • Pulse combustors are developed based on the jet engine technology, and numerous types of pulse combustors are developed for drying humidified materials.
  • An example of the pulse combustors is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-33939 as will be explained hereunder.
  • the pulse combustor 3 has sequentially on the same axis A--A a combustion chamber 34 equipped with at least one air charging pipe 31, at least one fuel charging pipe 32 and at least one igniting means 33, and a combustion gas exhaust pipe 35 shaped to have a gradually enlarging outlet, and the combustion chamber is connected with the combustion gas exhaust pipe by means of a constricted portion 36.
  • the igniting means 33 an electric igniter (ignition plug) or a pilot flame can be used.
  • a jacket 37 is disposed around the combustor, and the secondary air is injected in the jacket for cooling the combustor body together with for heating the secondary air, and the preheated secondary air is mixed with combustion gas blowing from the exhaust gas pipe 35, so as the mixed gas is able to control temperatures of the combustion gas to be charged into the drying room.
  • pulsating combustion gases generated not only by this type of pulse combustors but also by pulse combustors of different types are employable similarly.
  • the combustion chamber 34 is firstly filled with air from the air charging pipe 31 and mist of fuel like diesel oil is sprayed from the fuel charging pipe 32. Under the condition, spark generated by the electric igniter 33 causes an explosive combustion of the fuel to drive out the hot combustion gas to the exhaust pipe 35.
  • spark generated by the electric igniter 33 causes an explosive combustion of the fuel to drive out the hot combustion gas to the exhaust pipe 35.
  • the charging of air and fuel to the combustion chamber 34 is interrupted temporarily due to a momentary high pressure in the combustion chamber, but the charging resumes due to a reduced pressure in the combustion chamber 34 caused by driving out of the combustion gas to the exhaust pipe 35, and the explosive combustion by ignition and formation of hot gas are repeated. As the result of these intermittent explosions, pulsating hot gas and sound are generated.
  • a humidified material charged into or at the outlet of the exhaust pipe 35 is subjected to not only drying thereof by the hot combustion gas but also to physical impulse actions (sonic power and pressure etc.) by the rapidly pulsating gas to turn instantly into a dehydrated material.
  • the pulse combustor thus started becomes to proceed the intermittent explosive combustion of the air and fuel charged without being ignited by the electric igniter, thanks to the automatic ignition by contact with the heated inside wall of the combustion chamber 34 as similarly as the working principle of hot-bulb engines. Under the state, the electrical ignition by the igniter can be turned-off without interrupting the continued operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Non-Flushing Toilets (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
US08/945,605 1996-02-29 1997-02-28 Non-draining type human waste disposal method by pulse combustion drying Expired - Fee Related US5881475A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4299896A JPH09234457A (ja) 1996-02-29 1996-02-29 パルス燃焼乾燥による無排水式屎尿処理方法
JP8-042998 1996-02-29
PCT/JP1997/000621 WO1997031862A1 (en) 1996-02-29 1997-02-28 Non-draining type human waste disposal method by pulse combustion drying

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5881475A true US5881475A (en) 1999-03-16

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US08/945,605 Expired - Fee Related US5881475A (en) 1996-02-29 1997-02-28 Non-draining type human waste disposal method by pulse combustion drying

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5881475A (de)
EP (1) EP0824088A4 (de)
JP (1) JPH09234457A (de)
AU (1) AU709529B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2219764A1 (de)
WO (1) WO1997031862A1 (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6763528B2 (en) 2002-08-20 2004-07-20 James West Incinerating commode
US6969492B1 (en) * 1999-05-19 2005-11-29 Daimlerchrysler Ag Exhaust-gas cleaning system with nitrogen oxide reduction and with the addition of reducing agent
US20070187338A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2007-08-16 Steven Lumbert Mobile or stationary modular self-contained dehydration toilet, dehydration engine, and gray water recovery system
US20070251886A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2007-11-01 Jean-Marie Musslin Supply Device for Ultraviolet Lamps Used in the Treatment of Water
US20140259732A1 (en) * 2011-10-25 2014-09-18 Holcim Technology Ltd. Method And Device For Reprocessing Wet Waste Materials Containing Organic Components
US20160003540A1 (en) * 2013-02-22 2016-01-07 Endev Oy Circulating mass dryer and method for drying wet sludge
US9869512B1 (en) * 2016-11-18 2018-01-16 Omnis Thermal Technologies, Llc Pulse combustion variable residence time drying system
US20180216885A1 (en) * 2015-06-24 2018-08-02 Hart Associés Sarl Pulsed combustor assembly for dehydration and/or granulation of a wet feedstock
US20190239536A1 (en) * 2018-02-02 2019-08-08 Pulse Holdings LLC Pulse atomizer and related methods
US20240083775A1 (en) * 2021-01-20 2024-03-14 Natural Environment R&D, Llc Supersonic purification of water and apparatus therefor

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000069321A1 (en) 1999-05-14 2000-11-23 Numatic International Limited Mop press

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3855645A (en) * 1972-05-04 1974-12-24 J West Incinerating commode
US3885254A (en) * 1971-04-16 1975-05-27 James I West Incinerating commode
US3911506A (en) * 1971-04-16 1975-10-14 Jr James I West Incinerating commode
JPS537866A (en) * 1976-07-10 1978-01-24 Daiwa Bank Excrement treating method by jet flame
JPS58210900A (ja) * 1982-06-03 1983-12-08 Ebara Infilco Co Ltd 有機性廃液の処理方法
JPH0331290A (ja) * 1989-06-28 1991-02-12 Toray Dow Corning Silicone Co Ltd 第３級炭化水素基含有ハロゲン化シランの製造方法
US5257466A (en) * 1990-12-19 1993-11-02 Japanic Corporation Raw sewage disposal apparatus
US5357880A (en) * 1993-01-28 1994-10-25 Japanic Corporation Raw sewage disposal apparatus
US5370065A (en) * 1991-02-15 1994-12-06 Atlas Industries A/S Method of burning a particulate fuel and use of the method for burning sludge
US5698095A (en) * 1993-01-28 1997-12-16 Kami; Kazuhiko Method and apparatus for human waste treatment

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4226668A (en) * 1978-12-14 1980-10-07 Sonic Dehydrators, Inc. Spray drying apparatus utilizing pulse jet engines
EP0122665B1 (de) * 1983-04-04 1988-09-14 Sonodyne Industries, Inc. Entwässerungsapparat
JPS6222906A (ja) * 1985-07-23 1987-01-31 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 汚物処理装置
JPH0331290U (de) * 1989-07-28 1991-03-27
CA2023497A1 (en) * 1989-09-28 1991-03-29 Mitsuhiro Kishi Raw sewage drying apparatus
JPH04356683A (ja) * 1991-06-03 1992-12-10 Nkk Corp パルス燃焼乾燥装置

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3885254A (en) * 1971-04-16 1975-05-27 James I West Incinerating commode
US3911506A (en) * 1971-04-16 1975-10-14 Jr James I West Incinerating commode
US3855645A (en) * 1972-05-04 1974-12-24 J West Incinerating commode
JPS537866A (en) * 1976-07-10 1978-01-24 Daiwa Bank Excrement treating method by jet flame
JPS58210900A (ja) * 1982-06-03 1983-12-08 Ebara Infilco Co Ltd 有機性廃液の処理方法
JPH0331290A (ja) * 1989-06-28 1991-02-12 Toray Dow Corning Silicone Co Ltd 第３級炭化水素基含有ハロゲン化シランの製造方法
US5257466A (en) * 1990-12-19 1993-11-02 Japanic Corporation Raw sewage disposal apparatus
US5370065A (en) * 1991-02-15 1994-12-06 Atlas Industries A/S Method of burning a particulate fuel and use of the method for burning sludge
US5357880A (en) * 1993-01-28 1994-10-25 Japanic Corporation Raw sewage disposal apparatus
US5698095A (en) * 1993-01-28 1997-12-16 Kami; Kazuhiko Method and apparatus for human waste treatment

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6969492B1 (en) * 1999-05-19 2005-11-29 Daimlerchrysler Ag Exhaust-gas cleaning system with nitrogen oxide reduction and with the addition of reducing agent
US6763528B2 (en) 2002-08-20 2004-07-20 James West Incinerating commode
US20040226494A1 (en) * 2002-08-20 2004-11-18 West James Ira Incinerating commode
US7127748B2 (en) 2002-08-20 2006-10-31 West Jr James Ira Incinerating commode
US20070251886A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2007-11-01 Jean-Marie Musslin Supply Device for Ultraviolet Lamps Used in the Treatment of Water
US20070187338A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2007-08-16 Steven Lumbert Mobile or stationary modular self-contained dehydration toilet, dehydration engine, and gray water recovery system
US7413650B2 (en) * 2004-10-29 2008-08-19 Steven Lumbert Mobile or stationary modular self-contained dehydration toilet, dehydration engine, and gray water recovery system
US20150020407A1 (en) * 2011-10-25 2015-01-22 Holcim Technology Ltd Method and device for reprocessing wet waste materials containing organic components
US20140259732A1 (en) * 2011-10-25 2014-09-18 Holcim Technology Ltd. Method And Device For Reprocessing Wet Waste Materials Containing Organic Components
US9273904B2 (en) * 2011-10-25 2016-03-01 Holcim Technology Ltd. Method and device for reprocessing wet waste materials containing organic components
US9453677B2 (en) * 2011-10-25 2016-09-27 Holcim Technology Ltd. Method and device for reprocessing wet waste materials containing organic components
US20160003540A1 (en) * 2013-02-22 2016-01-07 Endev Oy Circulating mass dryer and method for drying wet sludge
US9752828B2 (en) * 2013-02-22 2017-09-05 Endev Oy Circulating mass dryer and method for drying wet sludge
US20180216885A1 (en) * 2015-06-24 2018-08-02 Hart Associés Sarl Pulsed combustor assembly for dehydration and/or granulation of a wet feedstock
US10436511B2 (en) * 2015-06-24 2019-10-08 Hart Associés Sarl Pulsed combustor assembly for dehydration and/or granulation of a wet feedstock
US9869512B1 (en) * 2016-11-18 2018-01-16 Omnis Thermal Technologies, Llc Pulse combustion variable residence time drying system
US20190239536A1 (en) * 2018-02-02 2019-08-08 Pulse Holdings LLC Pulse atomizer and related methods
US20240083775A1 (en) * 2021-01-20 2024-03-14 Natural Environment R&D, Llc Supersonic purification of water and apparatus therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0824088A4 (de) 2000-05-03
WO1997031862A1 (en) 1997-09-04
EP0824088A1 (de) 1998-02-18
CA2219764A1 (en) 1997-09-04
AU709529B2 (en) 1999-09-02
JPH09234457A (ja) 1997-09-09
AU1812797A (en) 1997-09-16

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