US5618058A - Collapsible steering column apparatus of a motor vehicle - Google Patents
Collapsible steering column apparatus of a motor vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5618058A US5618058A US08/574,163 US57416395A US5618058A US 5618058 A US5618058 A US 5618058A US 57416395 A US57416395 A US 57416395A US 5618058 A US5618058 A US 5618058A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steering column
- spline
- steering
- gas
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
- B60R21/09—Control elements or operating handles movable from an operative to an out-of-the way position, e.g. pedals, switch knobs, window cranks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
- B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
- B62D1/16—Steering columns
- B62D1/18—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable
- B62D1/19—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable incorporating energy-absorbing arrangements, e.g. by being yieldable or collapsible
- B62D1/192—Yieldable or collapsible columns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
- B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
- B62D1/16—Steering columns
- B62D1/18—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable
- B62D1/19—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable incorporating energy-absorbing arrangements, e.g. by being yieldable or collapsible
- B62D1/197—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable incorporating energy-absorbing arrangements, e.g. by being yieldable or collapsible incorporating devices for preventing ingress of the steering column into the passengers space in case of accident
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steering column apparatus of a motor vehicle, and more particularly, to a collapsible steering column apparatus which can absorb and reduce the shock applied to a driver by a steering wheel at the time of a motor vehicle collision.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a conventional steering wheel 10 and steering column 20.
- Steering wheel 10 includes a rim 12 gripped by the driver's hand for steering, a hub 14 for transmitting the rotary force of steering wheel 10 to steering column 20, and a spoke 16 for connecting rim 12 and hub 14.
- Spoke 16 and rim 12 are internally reinforced by steel or light alloy seam and are externally plasticized with synthetic resin.
- hub 14 and spoke 15 are embraced by synthetic resin to widen the contact area with the driver's body.
- a vehicle collision involves a so-called primary shock wherein the vehicle collides with another vehicle or the like and a so-called secondary shock subsequently induced wherein the driver strikes against a steering wheel.
- the secondary shock is applied to the driver's chest or face, the driver is often killed by his neck being broken in the collision of the motor vehicle.
- an impact that the driver undergoes upon this secondary shock should be minimized for protecting the life of the driver.
- a general practice which meets this purpose is that of a so-called collapsible steering shaft which is constructed to reduce the overall length thereof when undergoing a strong impact.
- a known conventional collapsible steering column apparatus for reducing the secondary shock generated in the collision of the motor vehicle is disclosed in, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,021 (Japanese Utility Model Application No. 4-21980) granted on Jan. 3, 1995 to Mikio Yamaguchi et al, which is shown in FIGS. 2 through 4.
- FIG. 2 is a view for illustrating Yamaguchi's steering column apparatus 30 using an energy absorbing member 40.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line A--A in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a view illustrating energy absorbing member 40 used in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- Yamaguchi's collapsible steering column apparatus 30 includes a steering column 22 into which a steering shaft 26 and energy absorbing member 40 are inserted.
- a steering wheel 10 is fixed to the front end of steering shaft 26.
- a rear end 42 of energy absorbing member 40 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of steering column 22 and a front end 46 thereof is connected to a support bracket 24 fixed to a vehicle body 52 by a bolt 48 and a nut 50.
- Energy absorbing member 40 is manufactured by punching out a sheet of metal plate and has a laterally undulating configuration 44.
- energy absorbing member 40 has undulating configuration 44, as shown in FIG. 4, the lateral elongation of undulating configuration 44 of energy absorbing member 40 decreases progressively.
- the force necessary for causing the elongation of energy absorbing member 40 is comparatively small at the initial stage but the force necessary for causing further lateral elongation gradually should be larger than that of the initial stage along with a progression of the elongation of energy absorbing member 40. Therefore the displacement of energy absorbing member 40 decreases gradually so that the forward movement of steering column 22 becomes small gradually.
- Yamaguchi's collapsible steering column apparatus 30 absorbs the impulsive force of the vehicle by energy absorbing member 40 to reduce the shock transmitted to the driver.
- Yamaguchi's collapsible steering column apparatus 30 cannot prevent the movement of steering column 22 toward the driver. Since energy absorbing member 40 is plastically deformed, it is not reusable and should be replaced with a new one after its use. Also, since steering wheel 10 is made of steel, when the driver's body strikes against steering wheel 10 at the time of collision, the driver's body may receive a serious shock.
- a collapsible steering column apparatus of a motor vehicle which comprises:
- a steering wheel having a hollow portion therein;
- a steering column part including at least one steering column which is slidably moved lengthwise and having a gas filled therein, said steering wheel being fixed to said steering column part;
- controlling means for supplying the gas to inside of said steering column part and said steering wheel, for maintaining an internal pressure of said steering column part and said steering wheel at a predetermined level, for alarming when the internal pressure is lowered below the predetermined level and exhausting the gas from the insides by detecting a collision of vehicle.
- the steering wheel is stiff enough to endure over 30 atmospheric pressure when the hollow portion is filled with the gas.
- the steering wheel is comprised of a material which is elastic enough to be collapsible when the gas is exhausted.
- the steering column part includes a first steering column having an upper end of which the steering wheel is fixed, a second steering column slidably engaged with the first steering column, a third and a fourth steering columns slidably engaged with the second steering column and a bellows fixed on outer peripheral surfaces of the first and second steering columns.
- the controlling means includes a collision sensor for detecting a collision, a pressure sensor for detecting the internal pressure of the steering column part, a reservoir for compressing and storing gas, a first pipe whose one end is connected to the reservoir, a second pipe whose one end is connected through the steering column part, a solenoid valve connected to the first and second pipes for supplying/exhausting the gas to/from the steering column part and maintaining the internal pressure of the steering column part, a controller for controlling the internal pressure of the steering column part by means of controlling the solenoid valve according to signals from the collision sensor and the pressure sensor, and an alarm lamp being operated by the alarm signal for alarming a drive.
- Collapsible steering column apparatus utilizes as the gas the compressed air or nitrogen.
- the controller When the vehicle collides with something, the controller receives a signal from the collision sensor and controls the solenoid valve so as to exhaust the internal gas of the steering column part. As the gas is exhausted, the pressure of the steering column part is decreased and the first and second steering columns are lowered lengthwise.
- the distance between the driver and the steering wheel becomes longer, which makes it difficult for the driver to strike the steering wheel.
- the internal gas of the steering wheel is exhausted at the time of the collision so that the steering wheel becomes cushy. Therefore, even when the driver strikes against the steering wheel, the damage applied to the driver is minimized, thereby protecting the driver from the secondary shock.
- the collapsible steering column apparatus is constructed such that the steering column is collapsed along its length to make the distance between the steering wheel and the driver long. Also, the internal gas pressure of the steering wheel is lowered to increase the elasticity, which functions as a kind of an energy absorbing member.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a conventional steering column and steering wheel
- FIG. is a view illustrating a conventional steering column apparatus using an energy absorbing member
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line A--A in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a view illustrating the energy absorbing member used in FIGS. 2 and 3;
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view for showing a collapsible steering column apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram for showing a controller of the collapsible steering column apparatus as shown in FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line B--B in FIG. 5;
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line C--C in FIG. 5;
- FIG. 9 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion D shown in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion E shown in FIG. 5
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view for showing a collapsible steering column apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram for showing a controlling part 200 of collapsible steering column apparatus 100 as shown in FIG. 5.
- collapsible steering column apparatus 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a steering wheel 110, a steering column part 120 having a plurality of hollow steering columns, e.g., first, second, third and fourth steering columns 130, 140, 150 and 160 to which steering wheel 110 is connected.
- Controlling part 200 supplies gas into steering column part 120 to allow the hollow portion of steering column part 120 and steering wheel 110 to maintain a constant pressure. Also, controlling part 200 senses the collision and exhausts the internal gas of steering wheel 110 and steering column part 120 to lower the pressure.
- Steering column part 120 includes a first steering column 130 to which steering wheel 110 is fixed, a second steering column 140 whose outer peripheral surface in one end is sliably connected to the inner peripheral surface of first steering column 130, a third steering column 150 which is slidably connected to the inner peripheral surface in the other end of second steering column 140, and a fourth steering column 160 which is slidably connected to the outer peripheral surface in the other end of second steering column 140.
- An air-tight state is maintained on each outer peripheral surface of first steering column 130 and fourth steering column 160 by a bellows 170.
- First, second, third and fourth steering columns 130, 140, 150 and 160 are all formed so as to have the hollow shafts.
- FIGS. 7 through 10 are sectional views for illustrating a state that first steering column 130 and second steering column 140 are connected to each other, and a state that second steering column 140 is connected to third and fourth steering column 150 and 160.
- a first spline 132 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of first steering column 130, slidably connected to second steering column 140 by a predetermined length, and a first flange 134 is formed at the tip of first spline 132.
- a second spline 142 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the upper portion of second steering column 140 by a predetermined length, and a second flange 144 is formed in the tip of second spline 142.
- Second spline 142 is slidably connected to first spline 132 of first steering column 130.
- a third spline 146 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the lower portion of second steering column 140 by a predetermined length
- a fourth spline 148 is formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof by a predetermined length.
- a third flange 149 is formed at tips of third and fourth splines 146 and 148.
- a fifth spline 152 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the upper portion of third steering column 150 by a predetermined length, and a fourth flange 154 is formed at the tip of fifth spline 152.
- Fifth spline 152 of third steering column 150 is slidably connected to third spline 146 of second steering column 140.
- a sixth spline 162 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the upper portion of fourth steering column 160 by a predetermined length, and a fifth flange 164 is formed at the tip of sixth spline 162.
- Sixth spline 162 is engaged with fourth spline 146 of third steering column 150 so that fourth steering column 160 is slidably connected to third steering column 150.
- First and second steering column 130 and 140 as above are formed so as to have a shape of an internally-hollow shaft.
- Third and fourth steering column 150 and 160 are formed so as to have a shape of a internally-hollow shaft whose lower end is closed and whose upper end is opened.
- first balls 190 are inserted between first spline 132 of first steering column 130 and second spline 142 of second steering column 140.
- First balls 190 are inserted between first spline 132 and second spline 142 at a predetermined distance in the circumferential direction, as shown in FIG. 7, and their movements are limited by first and second flanges 134 and 144.
- a plurality of second balls 192 are inserted between third spline 146 of second steering column 140 and fifth spline 152 of third steering column 150 at a predetermined distance in the circumferential distance, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, and the movements of second balls 192 are limited by third and fourth flanges 149 and 154.
- third balls 194 are inserted between fourth spline 148 of second steering column 140 and sixth spline 162 of fourth steering column 150 at a predetermined distance in the circumferential distance, and the movements of third balls 194 are limited by third and fifth flanges 149 and 164.
- Steering wheel 110 fixed to the upper end of first steering column 130 includes a rim 116 gripped by the driver's hands, a hub 112 for fixing steering wheel 110 on first steering column 130 and a spoke 118 for connected hub 112 to rim 116.
- Rim 116, hub 112 and spoke 118 have an internally formed hollow portion 114. Hollow portion 114 of steering wheel 110 is connected with the hollow portion of steering column part 120 to then be internally filled with gas.
- Steering wheel 110 is stiff enough to endure against over 30 atmospheric pressure when filled with gas and is made of a material such as polyurethane, neoprene and nylon that makes steering wheel 110 collapsible if the internal pressure is decreased, thereby recovering the elasticity to become cushiony.
- the material of steering wheel 110 has an allowable stress in the ranged of 30 PSI to 100 PSI.
- a controlling part 200 includes a collision sensor 210 for detecting the collision of the vehicle to generate a collision signal (CRASH), a pressure sensor 220 for detecting the pressure of the gas in steering column part 120 to generate a pressure signal (PRESS), a reservoir 230 for storing the compressed gas, a solenoid valve 240 for supplying the compressed gas to the steering column part 120 and for exhausting the gas in steering column part 120 to the atmosphere, a controller 250 for receiving collision signal (CRASH) and pressure signal (PRESS) from collision sensor 210 and pressure sensor 220, respectively, and for controlling solenoid valve 240 to adjust the internal pressure of steering column part 120 and to generate an alarm signal (ALRAM), and an alarm lamp 260 for receiving alarm signal (ALARM) from controller 250 to alarm.
- CRASH collision signal
- PRESS pressure signal
- Collision sensor 210 is installed in front of the vehicle or in front of steering column part 120 and generates the collision signal (CRASH).
- Pressure sensor 220 is installed in the inner peripheral surface of third steering column 150 and detects the internal pressure of steering column part 120 to generate pressure signal (PRESS).
- Reservoir 230 and solenoid valve 240 are connected to each other by a first pipe 232.
- One end of a second pipe 234 is connected to solenoid valve 230 and the other end thereof is connected to the inner peripheral surface of third steering column 150 via third and fourth steering columns 150 and 160.
- the compressed air or compressed nitrogen gas is stored in reservoir 230.
- Alarm lamp 260 is installed in steering wheel 110 or meter plate (not shown). If the internal pressure of steering column part 120 is lowered below a predetermined value (preferably 30 atmospheric pressure), alarm lamp 260 alarms this situation to the driver.
- a predetermined value preferably 30 atmospheric pressure
- pressure sensor 220 When steering column part 120 is internally in the atmospheric state, pressure sensor 220 generates pressure signal (PRESS) to transmit the same to controller 250. At this time, controller 250 having received the pressure signal controls solenoid valve 230 to be opened. Finally, the air or nitrogen gas compressed and stored in the reservoir 240 flows into steering column part 120 via first pipe 232, solenoid 230 and second pipe 234.
- PRESS pressure signal
- first and second steering columns 130 and 140 move respectively in the lengthwise direction thereof. At this time, the gas also flows toward hollow portion 114 of steering wheel 110 through first steering column 130 to cause a progressive increase in stiffness.
- first steering column 130 Since the movements of first balls 190 between first spline and second spline 132 and 142 are blocked by first and second flanges 134 and 144, first steering column 130 which has slided according to the increase of the internal pressure of steering column part 120, stops.
- second steering column 140 stops.
- controller 250 receives pressure signal (PRESS) from pressure sensor 220 in order to close solenoid valve 230 so that the pressure of steering column part 120 is constantly maintained.
- PRESS pressure signal
- steering wheel 110 is stiff enough for the driver to perform a steering operation and steering column part 120 transfers the rotary movement of steering wheel 110 to wheels of the vehicle.
- collision sensor 210 installed in front of the vehicle detects the collision of the vehicle and generates collision signal (CRASH) to transfer the same to controller 250.
- controller 250 having received collision signal (CRASH) from collision sensor 210 controls solenoid valve 230 to open in order to exhaust outwardly the gas filled in the inside of steering column part 120 and steering wheel 110.
- steering column part 120 and steering wheel 110 If the gas of the inside of steering column part 120 and steering wheel 110 is outwardly exhausted, the internal pressure of steering column part 120 and steering wheel 110 is decreased. Then, the elasticity of steering wheel 110 is increased and first and second steering columns 130 and 140 are slidably lowered lengthwise. Finally, steering column part 120 is collapsed lengthwise and steering wheel 110 becomes cushy.
- steering wheel 110 has the elasticity having a comparatively large value so that the driver absorbs the shock from steering wheel 110.
- steering column part 120 is further lowered lengthwise and absorbs the shocks due to the collision of the driver's body with steering wheel 110, thereby minimizing the driver's shock. Therefore, the driver can be protected from the secondary shock of the vehicle.
- the internal pressure of steering wheel 110 and steering column part 120 is decreased to a predetermined value, preferably 30 atmospheric pressure, or below, pressure sensor 220 generates pressure signal (PRESS) to then transmit the same to controller 250.
- Controller 250 having received pressure signal(PRESS) generates alarm signal (ALRAM) to operate alarm lamp 260, thereby alarming the driver and opening solenoid valve 230.
- the compressed gas is supplied to the inside of steering wheel 110 and steering column part 120, thereby maintaining the internal pressure to be a predetermined level.
- the collapsible steering column apparatus of a vehicle absorbs the shock applied when the driver strikes the steering wheel, thereby minimizing the shock, such that the distance between the driver and steering wheel is long at the time of the collision owing to the collapsible steering column part and the steering wheel is made soft.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Steering Controls (AREA)
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1019950006059A KR960033968A (ko) | 1995-03-22 | 1995-03-22 | 자동차의 충격완화용 압축식 핸들 |
KR95-6059 | 1995-03-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US5618058A true US5618058A (en) | 1997-04-08 |
Family
ID=19410328
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/574,163 Expired - Fee Related US5618058A (en) | 1995-03-22 | 1995-12-18 | Collapsible steering column apparatus of a motor vehicle |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5618058A (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH08268297A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR960033968A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1133246A (zh) |
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GB2340457A (en) * | 1998-08-13 | 2000-02-23 | Rover Group | Energy absorbing steering column assembly |
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US6189919B1 (en) * | 1997-04-16 | 2001-02-20 | Volkswagen Ag | Steering column arrangement for occupant protection |
US6227571B1 (en) | 1999-11-03 | 2001-05-08 | Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. | Telescoping vehicle steering column apparatus for helping to protect a vehicle driver |
US6279952B1 (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2001-08-28 | Trw Inc. | Adaptive collapsible steering column |
US6460888B1 (en) * | 2000-07-26 | 2002-10-08 | Larry D. Hoagland | Collapsible steering column |
US6467836B1 (en) | 1998-05-12 | 2002-10-22 | Eurion Corporation | Impact suppression devices having energy absorption capability |
US6478333B1 (en) * | 1999-05-26 | 2002-11-12 | Nsk Steering Systems Europe Limited | Collapsible steering column assembly |
US6543266B1 (en) * | 1999-08-24 | 2003-04-08 | Magna International Inc. | Hydroformed collapsible driveshaft and steering shaft and methods of making the same |
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US20040012186A1 (en) * | 2000-07-03 | 2004-01-22 | Lars-Ove Andersson | Steering wheel arrangement for a motor vehicle |
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US20050189757A1 (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2005-09-01 | Xiaoyu Li | Collapsible steering column assembly |
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KR19980049169A (ko) * | 1996-12-19 | 1998-09-15 | 박병재 | 스티어링 칼럼의 충격완화 자동장치 |
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JP5392189B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-01 | 2014-01-22 | 日本精工株式会社 | ステアリング装置 |
JP5626164B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-26 | 2014-11-19 | 日本精工株式会社 | ステアリングコラム用支持装置 |
CN102530053B (zh) * | 2012-01-13 | 2014-08-06 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | 一种汽车转向管柱 |
CN102785691B (zh) * | 2012-08-10 | 2015-01-07 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司杭州分公司 | 车用收缩式充气方向盘 |
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US7314234B2 (en) | 1998-05-11 | 2008-01-01 | Thyssenkrupp Presta Ag | Steering column and adjustment method for a steering column |
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US6543266B1 (en) * | 1999-08-24 | 2003-04-08 | Magna International Inc. | Hydroformed collapsible driveshaft and steering shaft and methods of making the same |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH08268297A (ja) | 1996-10-15 |
KR960033968A (ko) | 1996-10-22 |
CN1133246A (zh) | 1996-10-16 |
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