US547440A - Heater - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet, 2.

C. W. LBVALLEY.

- HEATER.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet '3. e. W. LEVALLBY.

HEATER. No. 547444.?. Patented Oct. 8, 1895 ZZZwe-wea: 05 @Ww-eveil? Nrn STATES ATENT Fries.,

CHRISTOPHER YV. LEVALLEY, OF S'l.V PAUL, MINNESOTA.

' HEATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 547,440, dated October 8, 1895.

Application iiled December 3, 1889. Serial No. 332,421. (llo model.)

To all whom, t may concer-rw Beit known that I, CHRISTOPHER W. LEVAL- LEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at St. Paul, in the county of Ramsey and Stato of ,Minnesota have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heaters, of r which the following is a specification, refer-` ence being had therein to the accompanying drawings. y

Figure lisa perspective View partly broken away.' Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section on line .fr Fig. t. Fig. 3 is a vertical transversesection on line y y, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section on line .e e', Fig. 2.

It is Well known to those who are familiar with the practical operation of heating apartments by means of hot water flowing continuously through a system of pipes, either with or without interposed radiators, that in order to secure economy in the use of fuel, together with the most effective use of the heat, the construction and arrangement of the apparatus should be such as to promote a rapid circulation of water through the boiler and the water-pipes. It is also known that such rapid flow can best be attained when the temperature of the water in the boiler or other form of heater at the upper part is maintainedsteadily at a number of degrees be low the boiling-point, the water at the lower part of the heater being at the same time very much cooler. Itis also well known that under the ordinary construction of heater, particularly Where the heating-surface is formed of a number of comparatively small iiues or pipes, it has been found difficult to maintain such temperature in the drum or other chamber or dome from which the water is discharged into the distributing or circulatory system of pipes. In order to overcome such defectI have made one part of this invention, which comprises certain new construction and combination of parts, which are pointed out in the claims hereof.

Like reference-letters refer to similar parts in all the ligures.

A A represent, generally, the outer inclosing-casing, which in this instance is represented as being of brick 5 but I do not wish to be limited to the use of any material therefor.

A A2 are doors in the front end ofthe casin g A3 is a bridge-wall within the space inclosed by the outer walls.

A4 is the smoke-outlet,

a is a deecting-sheet projecting forward from the bridge-wall, preferably from the top of that wall.

A5 A5 are doors in the walls for affording access to the interi-or ofthe furnace, there being preferably two such doors on each side.

B is a chamber or receiver provided with an inlet-pipe b, or a series of such pipes, adapted to receive water returned in a comparatively cool :condition from radiators or other source.

C C represent a series of pipes projecting horizontally from the receiver through the bridge-wall, across the furnace, and thence upward to a dome or discharger B', from which a pipe or a series of pipes at b lead to the radiators or to whatever pointit is desired to use the water.

D D represent a series of horizontal pipes arranged in substantially the same vertical plane with the pipes C and connected therewith by suitable elbows, T-joints, and nuts or other couplings, as illustrated, for instance, at d, these pipes CD occupying the sides of the re-pot, there being, of course', `a similar series upon opposite sides of the furnace. Another series of pipes E E project from the receiver through the bridge-wall, thence'upward at the rear of thefire-pot, thenceforward at the upper part of lthe fire-pot, and are connected `by a series of vertical pipes G with' the discharger. Thus the fire-pot is practically surrounded, except at its front side, with a series of Water-pipes which are arranged in close proximity to each other.

I'l H are other pipes arranged in zigzag form within the combustion-chamber, and I I rep-` resent still another series of zigzagpipes arranged on lines farther from the grate-bars and fire-pot than either of the previouslymentioned pipes. front ends depend from and are supported by the discharger B', while the pipes I at their front ends, which are supported by the discharger, lie in nearly horizontal planes.`

K c is a heating-chamber, of either castor The pipes G I-I at their IOO wrought metal, arranged in the bridge-wall or between the bridge-wall and the waterpipes which are nearest to the fire-pot. By preference I make this metal heating-chamber With downwardly-projecting ylegs 7a k, which straddle some of the Water-pipes and rest upon the brickwork. 7c lo are openings through this metal heating-chamber connecting it with another chamber, which I will now describe.

LZ represent a metal wall, lining, or casing placed within the brickwork and at a short distance therefrom and formed, preferably, with laterally-projecting flanges Z, which are built into the brickwork, so as to form airtight joints therewith. Only a small section of this lining or inner casing is shown in Fig. l, the remainder being broken away to better show the construction and arrangement of the other parts. The metal heating-chamber K is also omitted from Fig. 1, as is the bridgewall and the detlecting-sheet a for the same reason. The door casing or jambs of the doors A A2 .A5 project through the lining or casing L and are secured thereto, preferably by bolts or rivets a', so as to make air-tight joints.

By preference I make the lining or casing of sheets of rolled metal, such as thin boilerL iron, with the lower sections,whicl1 are nearest the nre-pot, somewhat thicker than the upper sections, which are farther removed from the grate-bars. In practice I prefer to make this metal lining of about the form and proportions indicated in the drawings, affording a free passage for the products of combustion through the combustion-chamber and out through the smoke-outlet A4, but do not wish to be limited thereby.

M M represent a series of cold-air openings through the brickwork into the hot-air chamber, which is formed between the brickwork and the metal lining or casing.

N N are hot-airoutlets, preferably arranged at the upper part of the heater and with suitable lines to conduct the heated air wherever it may be required.

I propose ordinarily to employ a series of transverse bars or stringers n n to support the roof or deck of the heater with an interposed sheet of metal, slate, or other suitable material as a further support for that part of the brickwork.

O O are openings into the combustion-chamber in rear of the bridge-wall.

I regard it as being very important that the water-pipes be kept clean and free from any accumulation of soot, ashes, or other covering,

and the operation of cleaning these pipes may be easily effected through the various doors pand and contract when heating'and cooling without in any manner straining the elbows or Ts, because the aggregate vertical height of each and every pipe is substantially the same, the same being true with regard to their measurements on horizontal lines. It will also be seen that as regards the two manifolds, which are disposed nearest the fire-pot and are therefore subjected to the greatest heat, their terminal sections are upright, a position which facilitates a rapid low of water, and therefore tends to insure a uniformity of temperature within the dome.

Q, Q, isagrate-frame, the side pieces of which are supported upon inwardly-projecting portions of the standards P, which form square shouldersp p to receive the lower edges of the side bars. By preference these side bars are provided with downwardly-projecting lugs q q, which straddle the shouldered parts of the standards to support the grate-frame against endwise movement.

The grate-bars R are provided with pivotends r, which are seated in the side pieces of the grate-frame, so as to rock therein, as is customary, and are provided with downwardlyprojecting arms, to which is pivoted a link S, having, preferably, two side bars or strips, one on either side of the downwardly-projecting arms, and is provided at its front end with a socket s to receive the bent inner end of a link t of lever T to shake the grate, substantially as is common in this general class of grates.

U is a grate pivoted, preferably, to the forwardly-projecting side bars of the frame with a button or pivoted latch-piece V, which engages with the upper edge of the grate to retain it in the position shown in Figs. 2 and 1L. The slots u u of this grate permit the introduction of a poker or other implement above the grate-bars, and also constitute part of the front wall of the tire-pot, and by reason of this grate-section of the fire-pot being connected with the grate-frame its presence does not interfere with either taking out or putting in the grate-frame, the upper door U of the ash-pit being wide enough to permit passing the grate frame and the hinged grate U through the door.

W' is a flue extending from the ash-pit to the combustion-chamber near the smokeoutlet.

X is a valve or damper arranged in this flue and provided with a shaft or rod Y for opening and closing the same in order to properly regulate the draft and to facilitate shaking ashes through the grate without having them escape through the doors at the front end of the ash-pit, it being obvious that such result can be attained by opening the damper and creating a draft from the ash-pit directly to the smoke-flue.

From an examination of the drawings it will be seen that I have arranged the water-pipe` in three series, of which the first series is immediately adjacent to the part of the combustion-chamber which is usually known as the lire-pot and where the ignition of fuel takes ICIO place and the most intense heat is generated, these pipes being designated by the letters C D E E.

The second series of pipes, represented by the letters H H, are each of greater length and have therefore more heating-surface than the pipes of the first series or manifold and are more remote from the point of ignition and most intense heat, while the third series, represented by letters II, are still farther from the point of ignition and have a little greater eX- tent of heating-surface. One of the results of this arrangement of pipes is great economy in the consumption of fuel, especially when a comparatively small amount of heat is required-as, for instance, when it is necessary to use but a small portion ofthe radiators con-` nected with the heater or when the weather is not very cold-it being apparent that by reason of the first series of pipes being in close proximity to the grate-bars and place of ignition the water in that series will be sufficiently heated to insurea proper circulation through the radiators or the delivery of a sufiicient quantity of heated water to any place of consumption. Nhen, however, from any cause a greater amount of heat is required, the tire can be crowded a little, which will result in, first, a more rapid circulation of wa-` ter in the rst series of pipes, and, secondly, an active circulation in the second series of pipes, and so on, by a further increase in the amount of fuel consumed and heat generated in the fire-pot until all three series of pipes are in active operation. During this time, of course, a part of the heat is utilized in heating the air within the chamber K and the chamber between the lining L and the outer inclosing-wall. The heated products of combustion will follow a path approximately indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2, and because of their leaving the combustion-chamber in close proximity to the point at which the relatively cold water enters they will part with their heat through Contact with the comparatively cold pipes near the outlet A4. The presence ofthe water-pipe in close proximity to the metal lining so modilies the heat at such points as to not only increase the durability of the metal of which the lining is made, but also obviates the undesirable effects which in furnaces of ordinary construction result from admitting the air to direct contact with metal surrounding a combustion-chamber, the same thing being true in regard to the heating-chamber K. Again I have found that by dividing the combustion-chamber into two sections by the use of the bridge-wall in combination with a series of water-pipes, part of which are on the hottest side of the dividing line between the sections, a decided economy in the utilization of heat is effected, a very rapid circulation of water through the pipes being secured thereby, and it is obvious that the arrangement of the discharger upon that side of the bridgewall where the heat is the most intense will still further promote the same end, as well as securing the maintenance of the water at the desired temperature.

In order to facilitate pointing out in the claims the invention which I claim, I propose to refer to the portion of the combustionchamber in which the lire-pot is located as the hotter section and the portion which is upon the opposite side of the bridge-wall as the cooler section.

`As indicated in Figs. 2 and 3, the rear inlets and outlets for cold and hot air are provided with dampers to regulate the movements of the air-currents, and which may be closed when but little lire is used, in order that such air as passes through the chamber between the inner and outer casings shall be properlywarmed.

`What I claim is l. In a heater, the combination of a combustion chamber which is divided by a bridge wall into two sections of unequal temperatures, a cool water supply located in the cooler section, a hot water discharger located in the hotter section, a series of water pipes parts of which are in both sections of the combustion chamber, the discharging ends of the pipes passing above the fire pot, and thence upwardly into the discharger, and a second series of water pipes at a greater distance from the re pot and opening into the discharger, substantially' as set forth.

2. In a heater, the combination of a combustion chamber which is divided by a bridge wall into two sections of unequal temperatures, a cool Water supply located in the lower part of the cooler section, a hot water discharger located in the upper part of the hotter section, a series of water pipes parts of which are in both sections of the combustion chamber and which pass through the bridge wall, thence above the lire pot and upwardly into the discharger, and a second series of Water pipes at a greater distance from the tire pot and opening into the discharger, substantially as set forth.

3. In a heater, the combination of a com` bustion chamber, a hot water discharger in the upper front part thereof, a series of Vertical water pipes which, at their upper ends support the discharger, and a series of vertical water pipes which at their front ends depend from and are supported by, the discharger, substantially as set forth.

4. In a heater, the combination of a cornbustion chamber, a hot water discharger in the front upper part thereof, a series of water pipes arranged in `vert-ical planes at the sides of the re pot and of which their discharging ends are vertical and support the discharger, and a series of water pipes which at their front ends depend vertically from and are supported by, the discharger, and of which parts are disposed immediately above the fire pot, substantially as set forth.

5. In a heater, the combination of an inclosing wall or casing, an inner casing forming a chamber between the outer and inner casings,

IOO

IIO

a cold air inlet and a hot air outlet, a bridge Wall dividing the inclosed combustion chamber into two sections and provided with an air heating chamber and with hot air and cold air flues opening through the inner casing, a series of Water pipes arranged Within the inner casing to prevent undue heating of the casing, and a series of water pipes parts of which are arranged upon opposite sides of the bridge wall, substantially as set forth.

6. In a heater, the combination of a coinhustion chamber, a tire pot within the combustion chamber, a series of water pipes arranged to surround the fire pot,a bridge wall dividing the combustion chamber into two sections, a detlecting sheet projecting forward from the bridge Wall, a second series of pipes at a greater distance from the fire pot than the lirst series and having parts thereof upon opposite sides of the bridge wall, a hot water discharging chamber at the upper ends of the pipes, and a cool Water supply Which is common to both series of pipes, substantially as set forth.

7. In a heater, the combination of an inclosing Wall or casing, an inner casing forming an air heating chamber between the inner and outer casings and a combustion chamber Within the inner casing, a bridge wall dividing the inclosed combustion chamber into two sections of unequal temperatures, and a series of water pipes parts of which are arranged in both sections of the combustion chamber, substantially as set forth.

S. In a heater, the combination of an inclosing wall or casing, an inner casing forming a chamber between the outer and inner casings, a cold air inlet and a hot air outlet, a bridge wall dividing the inclosed combustion chamber into two sections and provided with an air heating chamber having hot and cold air flues opening through the inner casing, a series of fiues or pipes surrounding the Iire pot a part of said flues being arranged in vertical positions upon opposite sides of the bridge Wall and a part of the fiues or pipes passing horizontally through the bridge wall, substantially as set forth.

9. In a heater, the combination of a combustion chamber, a series of vertical water pipes within the combustion chamber, a hot water discharge mounted upon said series of vertical water pipes, and a series of vertical Water pipes suspended from the hot water discharge, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

IIRISTOIHER W. LEVALLEY.

Witnesses:

A. W. JONES, ERNEST PETERSON.

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