US727091A - Heater. - Google Patents

Description

No. 727,091. 'PATENTED MAY 5,1903.

E. P. GLAPP.

HEATER. APPLICATION FILED OUT. 18. 1902.

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UNITED STATES Patented May 5, 1903.

EBEN P. CLAPP, OF EVANSTON, ILLINOIS.

HEATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 727,091, dated May 5, 1903.

, Application filed October 18, 1902. Serial No. 127,889. (No model.)-

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I; EBEN P. OLAPP, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Evanston, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heaters, of which the following is a specification and which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

This invention relates more particularly to heaters for use in domestic service, and especially to hot-water heaters, althoughobviously serviceable for the generation of steam. Its object is to simplify and cheapen construction and to increase the efficiency of furnaces of this character; and these objects are attained by the construction hereinafter described, which involves the use almost exclusively of stock material, there being but few parts required to be specially made.

It consists, further, in so arranging the water-circulating system of the heater that the coldest water is acted upon by the cooler gases, thereby insuring the widest possible difierence of temperature between these gases and the water to be heated, so that the latter the more readily extracts the heat from the former. Efiiciency is further secured by such relative arrangement of the hot-water pipes and the masonry forming the top of the heater that loss of heat through the masonry is prevented.

The invention consists, further, in the various arrangements and combinations of parts, as hereinafter particularly described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which 4 Figure l is a longitudinal vertical central section of the heater, a portion of the piping system exterior to the heater being shown, however. Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section on the line so a; of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a detail of one of the series of heating-pipes.

The heater is shown substantially of oblong rectangular form, its walls being of masonry and being hollow to form air-fines, through which, if desired, air may be introduced for securing direct radiation. The firedoor is shown at 11 and the ash-pit door at 12, the ash-pit itself being designated 14 and the grate-bars being shown at 15. The bridgewall back of the fire-box is in part of ma sonry, as shown at 17, and in part of an iron box 21, resting upon such masonry and through which water is circulated, as hereinafter described. Back of the bridge wall there is the usual combustion-chamber l8, and access to this chamber for the purpose of cleaning and repairs is provided for by means of the door 19, which is shown as located in the rear wall of the heater. The fire-box may be flanked with water-pipes 20, (shown as being U-shaped,) their side members opening to the box 21, so that water may circulate through the pipes and will'naturally enter through the lower member of the .U and return through its upper member. Above thesepipes a pipe 22 leads from each side of the box 21 to a box or header 23, forming a part of the front wall of the heater. A series of headers 24 is located across the combustion-chamber 18, the several headers being supported at each end in the side walls of the heater'. As shown, these headers are four in number and are arranged in two pairs, so that access to each set of the pipes, hereinafter described, rising therefrom may be easily obtained.- From each of the headers 24 there-rises a series of pipes 16 of increasing height from front to rear, and from the upper end of'each of these pipes there leads a pipe 25 forwardly through the combustion-chamberand fire-box to the box or header 23. A covering of masonry or partition rests directly upon the upper series of pipes 25 throughout its entire length, and the rear header 24, with which this series of pipes is connected, being located some distance forward of the rear wall 10 of the heater flue-space, is provided for the upward passage of the gases arising from combustion. A pair ofheaders 37 38 is located within this flue-space," the latter at greater elevation than the former, and extend transversely of the heater and are supported at each end in the side walls thereof, and from each of these headers there extends forwardly to within a short distance of the front of the heater a series of pipes 36 36, each of suchpipes being connected with a header by an upright pipe 37 38*. The forward ends of the pipes 36 36 enter the headers 41 42, respectively, such headers being connected by a nipple 43, and a pipe leads from the header 42 to the service-pipe 26, which leads from the box 23.

The top 44 of the heater is preferably of masonry and rests directly upon the series of pipes 36 and ahorizontal partition 34, also of masonry, rests directly upon the seriesof pipes 36, so that a flue-passage is formed eX- tending forwardly from the rear of the heater between the partitions 34 and 35 to the front of the heater, and thence backwardly between the partition 34 and the top 44 of the heater to the smoke-flue 45.

A damper 39 is hung in the smoke-flue at the rear end of the partition 34 and is controlled by a crank-handle 46, extending beyond the side wall of the heater, so that the line of draft may lead directly from the combustion-chamber 18 to the smoke-flue or may be diverted so as to lead from the com bustion-chamber through the dues 32 and 33.

A return-pipe of the water-circulating system is shown at 29 and leads to the header 38. The latter is connected by a pipe 30 with the header 37, and from the latter there leads a pipe 47 to a pipe 31, extending along the side wall of the heater and connecting with each of the headers 24, and by means of the pipe 28 with the hollow bridge-wall 21. A return-pipe may be connected with the piping system at any suitable point, such as 27.

The operation of the heater is as follows: The piping system having been suitably supplied with water and a fire having been started in the fire-box, the water within the holloW bridge-wall and in the pipes 20 is heated and circulation set up therethrough, the hot water passing off through the pipe 22 into the box 23, the cooler Water entering through the pipe 28. The gases and vapors given 01f by the fuel pass over the bridge'wall, circulating among the pipes 25 and risers 16, and thence,if the damper 39 be thrown down, directly out through the flue 45. When the fire has become well established, the damper 39 may he closed, so that the gases are directed through the dues between the partition 34 and the partition 35 and top wall 44. When the damper 39 is down, there is substantially no circulation through the pipes 36 36, the water returning through the pipe 29 being led to the headers 38 and 37, then by means of the pipes 47 and 31 to the headers 24 and the pipe 28, and is caused to enter the pipes 25 and pass thence into the box- 23 by action of the heat. Circulation is stimulated through the pipes 36 38 by the action of the heat when the damper 39 is thrown across the fine 45, and the hot water escapes from these series of pipes through the pipe 40 to the service-pipe 26.

By locating the masonry of the partitions 34 35 and the top wall 44 directly upon the series of pipes next below the same instead of allowing an interspace between the masonry and the pipes, as has heretofore been the practice, the heat absorbed by the ma sonry is taken up by the water passing through the adjacent pipes, thereby materially increasing the efficiency and prolonging the life of the heater. By locating the headers 24 transversely of the combustion-chamber 18 I am able to provide a positive support for both ends of the same, thereby minimizing the danger of distortion by overheating and at the same time more edectually breaking up the heated gases by causing them in part to pass under the headers, and thereby securing a better distribution of the heat over the entire heating-surface of the pipes. This arrangement of the headers also secures great economy in construction and provides for easy access to the heating-pipes for the purpose of repair, every one of the risers l6 and every one of the pipes 25 being easily accessible for the purpose of removal without disturbing any of their companions.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a heater of the kind described, in combination, front, side and covering walls inclosing a combustion chamber, a grate, a bridge-wall back of the grate, a transverse header back of the bridge-wall, water-pipes rising from the header and leading forwardly in the combustion-chamber, and a header with which the forward ends of such pipes are connected.

2. In a heater of the kind described having side walls, a grate and a combustion-chamber, in combination with these parts a bridge-wall back of the grate, a plurality of headers crossing the combustion chamber back of the bridge-wall, a plurality of pipes leading upwardly from each header and forwardly, and a header receiving the forward'ends of the pipes.

3. In a heater, in combination, a combustion-chamber having a direct and an indirect eduction-fiue, a damper for controlling the dues, a system of water -'pipes within the heater, a portion of such system lying within the indirect flue, and a water-induction pipe leading first to the portion of the piping system within the flue.

4. In a heater, in combination, a combustion-chamber, a plurality of series of water pipes within the same, masonry resting upon each of the three upper series of pipes, one layer of such masonry forming the top of the furnace and the other two layers being spaced apart from each other and from the top layer to form a return-flue, series of water-pipes within such flue, and an induction-pipe for leading water thereto.

5. In a heater, in combination, a combustion-chamber, a plurality of series of waterpipes within the same, masonry resting upon each of the three upper series of pipes, one layer of such masonry forming the top of the furnace and the other two layers being spaced apart from each other and from the top layer to form a return-flue, a series of water-pipes within such flue, an induction-pipe for leadivg water thereto, and connection between from thebridge-wall at each side of the grate, v I

transverse headers back of the bridge-wall, pipes leading upwardly from the last-named headers and forwardly through the combustion-chamber, direct and indirectsmoke-flues, headers at one end of each indirect flue, water-pipesleading fromsaid'headers through the indirect fines, and return and distributing pipes in communication 'with the various sets of headers and pipes named.

EBEN P.'OLAPP.

Witnesses:

LOUIS K. GILLSON, E. M. KLATOHER.

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