US5259353A - Fuel evaporative emission amount detection system - Google Patents

Fuel evaporative emission amount detection system Download PDF

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US5259353A
US5259353A US07/866,057 US86605792A US5259353A US 5259353 A US5259353 A US 5259353A US 86605792 A US86605792 A US 86605792A US 5259353 A US5259353 A US 5259353A
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Prior art keywords
fuel
pressure
fuel tank
amount
valve
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US07/866,057
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Kazuhiro Nakai
Akihiro Nakashima
Hisashi Iida
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Denso Corp
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NipponDenso Co Ltd
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Assigned to NIPPONDENSO CO., LTD. A CORP. OF JAPAN reassignment NIPPONDENSO CO., LTD. A CORP. OF JAPAN ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: IIDA, HISASHI, NAKAI, KAZUHIRO, NAKASHIMA, AKIHIRO
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
    • F02M25/0809—Judging failure of purge control system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/003—Adding fuel vapours, e.g. drawn from engine fuel reservoir
    • F02D41/0045—Estimating, calculating or determining the purging rate, amount, flow or concentration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/70—Input parameters for engine control said parameters being related to the vehicle exterior
    • F02D2200/703—Atmospheric pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/003—Adding fuel vapours, e.g. drawn from engine fuel reservoir
    • F02D41/0032—Controlling the purging of the canister as a function of the engine operating conditions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an evaporative emission control system in a fuel supply system of an automotive vehicle. More particularly, the invention relates to a system for detecting condition of a fuel evaporative emission which detects amount of the fuel evaporative emission generated in a fuel tank.
  • evaporative emission control systems for presenting the fuel evaporative emission generated in the fuel tank from being discharged into atmosphere have not been in the automotive technologies.
  • Such system generally absorbs the fuel evaporative emission generated in the fuel tank with an absorbent disposed within a canister, and subsequently supplies the absorbed fuel evaporative emission into an air induction system with a fresh air introduced through a fresh air inlet opening formed through the canister, by vacuum pressure in the air induction system, depending upon the driving condition of an engine.
  • a pressure sensor is provided for detecting the internal pressure in the fuel tank and whereby for detecting amount of the fuel evaporative emission generated in the fuel tank (for example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2-136558).
  • the pressure sensor simply detects the pressure within the fuel tank to make judgement that the greater internal pressure of the fuel tank reflects greater amount of the fuel evaporative emission generated therein.
  • the internal space of the fuel tank is not completely sealed in gas tight fashion. Namely, the interior space of the fuel tank can be communicated with atmosphere through the fresh air inlet opening of the canister, or, in the alternative, temporarily opens to the atmosphere through a control valve disposed within the canister.
  • the pressure within the fuel tank can be significantly influenced by the atmospheric pressure. Namely, irrespective of generation of the fuel evaporative emission, the pressure within the fuel tank can be fluctuated by the atmospheric pressure.
  • erroneous detection can be caused to make judgement that a large amount of the fuel evaporative emission is generated despite of the fact that a small amount of fuel evaporative emission is indeed generated, when the pressure is risen by the influence of the atmospheric pressure as set forth above.
  • the present invention intends to solve the problems set forth above. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a detection system for a condition of a fuel evaporative emission, which can accurately detect amount of the fuel evaporative emission irrespective of fluctuation of the internal pressure in a fuel tank by the influence of the atmospheric pressure.
  • a system for detecting condition of a fuel evaporative emission generated in a fuel tank comprises:
  • atmospheric pressure detecting means for detecting atmospheric pressure
  • tank internal pressure detecting means for detecting pressure within the fuel tank which receives a liquid state fuel
  • fuel evaporative emission generation amount detecting means for detecting generated amount of the fuel evaporative emission in the fuel tank on the basis of the result of detection of the atmospheric pressure detection means and the result of detection of the tank internal pressure detecting means.
  • the system for detecting condition of a fuel evaporative emission comprises:
  • pressure detecting means for detecting a pressure
  • a three-way switching valve including a first connecting section opened to outside atmosphere, a second connecting section connected to the fuel tank, a third connecting section connected to the pressure detecting means for selectively communicating the atmosphere and the fuel tank to the pressure detecting means;
  • control signal output means for outputting a control signal to the three-way switching valve for switching position thereof;
  • the fuel evaporative emission generation amount detecting means controlling the three-way switching valve to communicate the pressure detection means to the atmosphere to make the pressure detecting means to detect atmospheric pressure, controlling the three-way switching valve to communicate the pressure detecting means to the fuel tank to make the pressure detection means to detect the tank internal pressure, and detecting the generated amount of the fuel evaporative emission based on the atmosphere pressure and the tank internal pressure detected by the pressure detecting means.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic and diagrammatic illustration showing a general principle of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration showing the overall construction of the preferred embodiment of an evaporative emission control system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing operation for detecting generation amount of a fuel evaporative emission according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing operation for controlling the system shown in FIG. 2 on the basis of the generation amount of the fuel evaporative emission;
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing detail of the process of the flowchart of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a chart showing operation in the process of the flowchart of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a chart showing operation in the process of the flowchart of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing operation for controlling the system shown in FIG. 2 on the basis of the generation amount of the fuel evaporative emission;
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing relationship between a fuel evaporative emission generation amount and a pressure difference between the internal pressure of a fuel tank and the atmospheric pressure, which is used for discussion about operation of the flowchart of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing relationship between a basic duty ratio and the fuel evaporation emission generation amount, which is used for discussion about operation of the flowchart of FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 11 is characteristic chart showing variation of a correction coefficient relative to a throttle valve open angle, which is used for discussion about operation of the flowchart of FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 12 shows an entire configuration of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 shows a relation of duty ratio of a duty controllable valve and flow rate of fuel gas held in the embodiment in FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 14 is a flow chart for explaining operation of the duty controllable valve used in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 shows the overall construction of the preferred embodiment of an evaporative emission control system for an internal combustion engine and an abnormality detecting system for the evaporative emission control system, which employs the fuel evaporative emission condition detecting system according to the present invention.
  • An intake air for the engine passes an air cleaner 1 for purifying the intake air and an air intake manifold 2 and then introduced into a combustion chamber 16 defined by an engine body 14 and a piston 12.
  • a throttle valve 8 is disposed within the intake manifold 2, which throttle valve is coupled with an accelerator pedal 6 for varying the angular position to adjust the intake air flow path area depending upon depression magnitude of the accelerator pedal.
  • An intake valve 10 is disposed in an intake port of the engine body 14, which the intake valve 10 is driven to open and close by means of a cam carried by a rotary camshaft (not shown).
  • An exhaust passage 20 is communicated with the combustion chamber 16 for exhausting a burnt gas generated in the combustion chamber 16 therethrough.
  • An exhaust valve 18 is disposed in an exhaust port formed in the engine body 12 at an interface between the combustion chamber 16 and the exhaust passage 20, which exhaust valve is also driven by the rotary camshaft (not shown) for opening and closing.
  • An oxygen sensor 21 is disposed within the exhaust passage 20 for detecting oxygen concentration contained within the exhaust gas, as a representation of rich and lean of an air/fuel mixture combustioned within the combustion chamber.
  • a fuel stored in a fuel tank 22 is sucked by a fuel pump 24 and delivered to a fuel injection valve 26 through a fuel supply system.
  • the fuel injection valve 26 is disposed within the air intake manifold, i.e. in an intake manifold, and performs fuel injection for injecting a controlled amount of fuel at a controlled timing, as controlled by an electronic control system 50 which will be discussed later.
  • An absolute pressure sensor 25 forming the major part of the present invention is provided in the fuel tank 22 for monitoring the internal pressure within the fuel tank 22.
  • the absolute pressure sensor 25 is associated with a three-way switching valve 23 and thus serves as an atmosphere pressure detecting means and a tank internal pressure detecting means.
  • the three-way switching valve 23 performs switching to selectively establish communication between the absolute pressure sensor 25 with the interior space of the fuel tank 22 or the atmosphere under the control of the electronic control unit 50 discussed later.
  • a communication passage 28 is connected to the fuel tank 22.
  • a check valve 29 is provided within the communication passage 28.
  • An absorbent 34 incorporating an activated carbon is disposed within the canister 30.
  • the absorbent 34 absorbs the fuel evaporative emission contained in a gas introduced from the fuel tank 22 through the communication passage 28.
  • a fresh air inlet opening 36 is formed at one end of the canister 30 to introduce the atmospheric air therethrough.
  • An outlet 31 is formed at the other end of the canister 30 opposing across the absorbent 34 to the fresh air inlet opening 36.
  • a supply tube 38 is connected to the outlet 31 at one end.
  • the supply tube 38 is connected to a control valve 40 at the other end.
  • the control valve 40 is, in turn, connected to one end of a supply tube 42 which is connected to the intake manifold 2 at the other end. Therefore, the canister 30 is communicated with the air intake manifold 2 through the control valve 40.
  • the supply tubes 38 and 42 are formed with a flexible tube, such as a rubber tube, nylon tube or so forth.
  • the control valve 40 is controlled by the control signal from the electronic control unit 50 discussed later, to open and close for selectively establishing and blocking communication between the canister 30 and the air intake manifold 2.
  • the electronic control unit 50 (hereafter referred to as "ECU") sets control amount for a fuel system and an ignition system on the basis of various detection signals from various sensors (not shown) and produces control signals for controlling operation of the fuel injection valve 26, the control valve 40 and a spark ignition system (not shown).
  • ECU electronice control unit 50
  • the operation of the ECU in terms of control for the engine operation, e.g. fuel injection amount, fuel injection timing, spark ignition timing, spark advance angle and so forth depending upon the engine driving condition for optimizing the engine performance, is generally known in the art and need no further detailed discussion.
  • the ECU 50 includes a CPU 52 for performing known arithmetic operations, a ROM 54 for storing control programs, control constants necessary for arithmetic operations and so forth, a RAM 56 for temporarily storing arithmetic data during operation of the CPU 52 and an input/output circuit 58 for receiving and distributing signals from and to externally provided sensors and control loads, such as the fuel injection valve, the control valve and so forth.
  • the ECU 50 includes a control signal outputting means for outputting a control signal for driving the three-way switching valve 23 to selectively establish communication between the absolute pressure sensor 25 with the interior space of the fuel tank 22 or the atmosphere, and a generated fuel evaporative emission amount detecting means for detecting amount of the fuel evaporative emission generated within the fuel tank 22.
  • the check valve 29 is opened to introduce the fuel evaporative emission into the canister 34 through the communication passage 28 and the check valve 29.
  • the emission component in the fuel evaporative emission gas is absorbed by the absorbent 34 in the canister 30.
  • the control valve 40 is driven to open. While the control valve 40 is held open, the fresh air is introduced through the fresh air inlet opening 36 into the canister 30 by the effect of the vacuum pressure in the air intake manifold 2. By introducing the fresh air into the canister 30, the emission component of the fuel evaporative emission which is absorbed in the absorbent 34 is introduced into the air intake manifold 2 together with the fresh air. By this, the absorbent 34 is purged for repeated use. The fuel evaporative emission thus introduced into the air intake manifold 2 is combusted within the combustion chamber 16 together with the fuel injected through the fuel injection valve 26.
  • the control valve 40 is operated to close. Then, the emission component in the fuel evaporative emission is absorbed by the absorbent 34 of the canister 30.
  • the detecting system for detecting condition of the operation of the fuel evaporative emission will be discussed with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 3. It should be noted that the shown routine is initiated in response to turning ON of a key switch (not shown) and periodically or cyclically executed at every predetermined intervals (e.g. 60 ms).
  • the control signal is output to control the three-way valve 23 to establish communication between the atmosphere and the absolute pressure sensor 25.
  • the atmospheric pressure Pa as detected by the absolute pressure sensor 25 is read out.
  • the read out atmospheric pressure P a is stored in the RAM 56.
  • step 120 another control signal is output to switch the three-way switching valve 23 to establish communication between the fuel tank 22 and the absolute pressure sensor 25.
  • step 130 the pressure P f within the fuel tank (hereafter referred to as "tank internal pressure") as detected by the absolute pressure sensor 25 is read out.
  • a pressure difference P fa of the tank internal pressure P f and the atmospheric pressure P a is derived by subtracting the atmospheric pressure P a stored in the RAM 56 from the tank internal pressure P f . Namely, by this process, the pressure variation in the fuel tank 22 due to generation of the fuel evaporative emission, is detected.
  • a step 150 based on the value P fa derived at the step 140, the generation amount EVP of the fuel evaporative emission is derived through map look-up against a map shown in FIG. 9.
  • the fuel evaporative emission generation amount EVP thus derives is stored in the RAM 56. Then, process returns to a main routine which governs overall operation of the ECU 50.
  • the fuel evaporative emission generation amount EVP is derived on the basis of the difference P fa of the tank internal pressure P f and the atmospheric pressure P a , the fuel evaporative emission generation amount EVP can be accurately derived irrespective of fluctuation of pressure in the fuel tank due to variation of the atmospheric pressure.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart showing process for controlling respective control factors of the evaporative emission control system on the basis of the fuel evaporative emission generation amount EVP derived through the process set forth above. It should be noted that the routine of FIG. 4 is executed periodically or cyclically with a predetermined intervals (e.g. 60 ms) similarly to the routine of FIG. 3.
  • a predetermined intervals e.g. 60 ms
  • the fuel evaporative emission generation amount EVP which is derived through the step 150 of FIG. 3 and stored in the RAM 56 is read out.
  • a timer (not shown) in the ECU 50 is checked. If the timer value indicates 0 to 4 sec, the process is advanced to a step 200 to perform abnormality judgement routine. On the other hand, if the time value indicates 4 to 30 sec., the process is advanced to a step 300 to perform a process for setting a duty cycle for opening and closing the control valve 40 on the basis of the fuel evaporative emission generation amount EVP.
  • FIG. 5 shows the detailed process in the abnormality judgement routine set forth above.
  • the fuel evaporative emission generation amount EVP as derived at the step 150 is compared with a predetermined value KEVP to make judgement whether the sufficient amount of the fuel evaporative emission is generated within the fuel tank 22. If the fuel evaporative emission generation amount EVP is greater than or equal to the predetermined value KEVP, judgement is made that sufficient amount of the fuel evaporative emission is generated within the fuel tank 22 to advance the process to a step 202. On the other hand, when the fuel evaporative emission generation amount EVP is less than the predetermined value KEVP, judgement is made that the generated amount of the fuel evaporative emission is not sufficient. Then, the process is terminated.
  • the predetermined value KEVP is selected so that the generated amount of the fuel evaporative emission EVP is sufficient to vary the air/fuel ratio of a mixture to be combusted within the combustion chamber 16 as introduced into the air intake manifold 2. This value is set through experiments with respect to each type of engine.
  • the predetermined value KEVP is selected to be sufficiently larger than the fuel evaporative emission generation amount to establish the internal pressure P o of the fuel tank 22 sufficiently high for opening the check valve 29.
  • the control valve 40 is operated into the fully closed position. By this, introduction of the fuel evaporative emission into the air intake manifold 2 is disabled.
  • a step 203 check is performed whether a predetermined judgement condition is satisfied or not. If the predetermined judgement condition is satisfied, the process is advanced to a step 204. On the other hand, when the judgement condition is not satisfied, the process is terminated.
  • the judgement condition is that a feedback correction coefficient FAF which is derived on the basis of the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas as detected by the oxygen sensor, thus reflects rich/lean condition of the air/fuel mixture combusted within the combustion chamber 16 of the engine, and is used for deriving fuel injection amount, is within a predetermined range (for example, 0.7 ⁇ FAF ⁇ 1.2).
  • a step 204 check is performed whether the oxygen sensor 21 operates in normal state or not. If judgement is made that the oxygen sensor 21 is not operating in the normal state, the process is terminated. In this process, checking is performed whether the output signal of the oxygen sensor 21 is varying across criteria voltages V1 and V2 as shown in FIG. 7. When the output signal of the oxygen sensor 21 is varying across V1 and V2, judgement is made that the oxygen sensor is operating in normal state.
  • the average values IFAF1 and IFAF2 are compared.
  • a difference between the average values IFAF1 and IFAF2 is greater than or equal to a predetermined value ⁇ , judgement can be made that the air/fuel mixture turns into lean by switching the control valve 40 from open state to closed state.
  • the air/fuel ratio is varied into lean by varying the state of the control valve 40 from open state to closed state, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • abnormality such as blocking of the supply passage 38 or 42, disconnection of the supply passage 38 or 42, the air/fuel ratio may not be varied even when the control valve 40 is switched from the open state to the closed state.
  • the process of abnormality setting is performed to store information indicative of the fact that abnormality is caused, in the RAM 56. Then, through other routine which is not shown, the abnormality indicative information stored in the RAM 56 is processed in such a manner that the information stored in the RAM 56 is read out and integrated to make judgement that failure of the evaporative emission control system is caused when the abnormality information are continuously set over a given times (for example, three times), for example.
  • known fail-safe operation such as triggering an indicator lamp 60, for alarming failure to the user of the vehicle, is taken place.
  • the normal state setting is the process for setting information that the evaporative emission control system is in operation in the normal state, in the RAM 56. This information is read out in the process of other routine for making judgement of failure of the evaporative emission control system set forth above, and used for resetting the integrated value.
  • FIG. 8 shows a process for setting duty cycle for opening and closing the control valve on the basis of the fuel evaporative emission generation amount EVP as derived in the routine of FIG. 3.
  • step 301 judgement is made whether the engine operating condition permits duty cycle control for the control valve 40 depending upon the fuel evaporative emission generation amount EVP.
  • the process is advanced to a step 302.
  • the process is advanced to a step 306.
  • the duty cycle D o is set to 0%.
  • process is advanced to a step 308.
  • condition suitable for performing the duty cycle control is judged when a predetermined period (for example, 120 sec) is elapsed after turning ON the ignition switch, an engine coolant temperature is higher than a given temperature (e.g. 40° C.), the fuel supply system is not in the fuel cut-off state, and so forth, for example.
  • a predetermined period for example, 120 sec
  • a given temperature e.g. 40° C.
  • the angular position of the throttle valve 8 is checked to make judgement whether the throttle valve open angle ⁇ is greater than a predetermined angle (e.g. 10°) and the variation amount ⁇ of the throttle valve open angle ⁇ is smaller than a predetermined value (e.g. 0.5°).
  • a predetermined angle e.g. 10°
  • a predetermined value e.g. 0.5°
  • the basic duty cycle D B for the control valve 40 is set through a map look-up against a map of FIG. 10 in terms of the generated amount EVP of the fuel evaporative emission.
  • the duty cycle D B is determined to be smaller value according to increasing the generated amount EVP of the fuel evaporative emission.
  • a correction coefficient K is derived through a map look-up against a map such as that illustrated in FIG. 11 in terms of the throttle valve open angle ⁇ .
  • the duty cycle D o is derived by multiplying basic duty cycle D B with the correction coefficient K.
  • the fuel evaporative emission generation amount EVP can be accurately derived irrespective of the temperature characteristics and secular variation of the absolute pressure sensor 25 per se.
  • the shown embodiment accurately detects the generation amount EVP of the fuel evaporative emission in the fuel tank 22 and abnormality detection of the evaporative emission control system and setting of the duty cycle D o of the control valve 40 on the basis of the generated amount EVP of the fuel evaporative emission, it is possible to control other control factors using the generated amount EVP of the fuel evaporative emission.
  • the shown embodiment detects the tank internal pressure P f and the atmospheric pressure P a by means of the common pressure detecting means (absolute pressure sensor 25), it is not specified to the shown construction. Namely, it is possible to separately provide the pressure detecting means for the atmospheric pressure P a and the pressure detecting means for the tank internal pressure P f .
  • absolute pressure sensor 25 is employed as the pressure detecting means in the shown embodiment, it is possible to employ a relative pressure sensor, in place thereof.
  • the generated amount of the fuel evaporative emission in the fuel tank can be accurately detected irrespective of variation of the pressure in the fuel tank due to influence of the atmospheric pressure.
  • FIG. 12 shows an entire configuration of another embodiment of the present invention, which differs from that in FIG. 2 in coupling a duty control valve 35 in parallel with a check valve 29.
  • a predetermined frequency e.g. 10 Hz
  • a target pressure difference e.g. 15 mmHg
  • the check valve 29 is adapted to open at a pressure (e.g., 18 mmHg) higher than the above target pressure.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart explaining operation of the control valve 35, which is performed instead of step 150 shown in FIG. 3 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 to 5. Other steps can be shown by flowcharts identical with those shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • Step 401 is provided to read out pressure difference P fa calculated at step 140.
  • Step 402 is to seek pressure deviation ⁇ p between target pressure P 1 and pressure difference P fa .
  • Step 403 is provided to check if pressure deviation ⁇ p is within a non-sensitive range ⁇ 1 mmHg to proceed to step 405 when detecting it within the range.
  • Step 405 is to maintain a duty of control valve 35 same as a just-preceding cycle duty and proceed to step 406.
  • Step 403 is to proceed to step 407 when detecting pressure deviation ⁇ p not within the range.
  • Step 407 is to check if the deviation ⁇ p is lower than -1 mmHg ( ⁇ p ⁇ -1 mmHg) and proceed to step 408 when the deviation is lower than -1 mmHg (namely when the tank internal pressure is lower than the target pressure by a predetermined magnitude).
  • Step 408 is provided to change duty of control valve 35 to duty value of a just-preceding cycle duty value minus a given magnitude (e.g., by 2%) and proceed to step 406.
  • Step 407 is also to proceed to 409 when detecting pressure deviation ⁇ p is not lower than 1 mmHg ( ⁇ p ⁇ -1 mmHg, namely when the tank internal pressure is higher than the target pressure by a predetermined magnitude).
  • Step 409 is to change duty of control valve 35 to duty value of a just-preceding cycle duty value plus a given magnitude (e.g., 2%) and to proceed to step 406.
  • Step 406 is provided to seek fuel gas generation amount EVP to be used at step 201 shown in FIG. 5 from the resultant duty value. Alternatively to FIG. 14 the gas generation amount EVP is sought at step 406, it may be possible to omit the step 406 in FIG. 14 on account that such duty value changes in approximately proportional relation to such fuel vapor generation amount EVP.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supplying Secondary Fuel Or The Like To Fuel, Air Or Fuel-Air Mixtures (AREA)
US07/866,057 1991-04-12 1992-04-10 Fuel evaporative emission amount detection system Expired - Lifetime US5259353A (en)

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JP3-079763 1991-04-12
JP03079763A JP3089687B2 (ja) 1991-04-12 1991-04-12 燃料蒸発ガス状態検出装置

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US7494474B2 (en) 1997-06-04 2009-02-24 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Polymer coated guidewire
US10774761B2 (en) * 2018-11-13 2020-09-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for reducing vehicle valve degradation
US11452533B2 (en) 2019-01-10 2022-09-27 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Guide wire tip having roughened surface

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