US5169730A - Electrochemical cell apparatus having an exterior fuel mixer nozzle - Google Patents
Electrochemical cell apparatus having an exterior fuel mixer nozzle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5169730A US5169730A US07/559,103 US55910390A US5169730A US 5169730 A US5169730 A US 5169730A US 55910390 A US55910390 A US 55910390A US 5169730 A US5169730 A US 5169730A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- fuel
- mixer
- reforming
- hot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/243—Grouping of unit cells of tubular or cylindrical configuration
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the relocation of the mixer, and the mixer nozzle (ejector nozzle) to a low-temperature position eliminates the need for forced cooling of the nozzle.
- the ducts which carry the recirculating spent fuel and which are in contact with the reforming chamber, and the ducts which carry the fuel mixture through the reforming material may be concentric, with heat conduction fins providing optimum heat exchange between the two gas streams. This heat exchange minimizes energy loss from the heat capacity of the hot extracted spent fuel, while allowing the nozzle temperature of the ejector, and therefore of the fresh fuel to remain below the 400° C. limit above which carbon deposition has been observed.
- FIG. 1 is a side view in section of one embodiment of an electrochemical cell apparatus according to this invention, showing extraction of recirculated spent fuel, mixture of this spent fuel with incoming fresh feed fuel via an external ejector, and passage to a reformer from which the reformed fuel passes into the apparatus, and
- the air electrode is generally a doped ceramic of the perovskite family, for example, doped LaMnO 3
- the electrolyte is generally yttria stabilized zirconia
- the fuel electrode is generally a zirconia-nickel cermet material.
- a calcia stabilized zirconia support for the air electrode can also be used.
- the oxidantthen flows through the length of the oxidant circuit, through the conduits 42 which extend down the inside length of the fuel cells, being further heated to approximately 1,000° C., by virtue of absorbing most of the heat generated during the electrochemical reaction. A smaller fractionof the heat is absorbed by the fuel.
- the oxidant is discharged into the closed end bottom of the fuel cells 16.
- the oxidant within the fuel cells reverses direction, and electrochemically reacts at the inner air electrode along the inside active length of the cells, depleting somewhat in oxygen content as it approaches the open ends 44 of the cells.
- the depleted oxidant is then discharged into the combustion chamber 24 through the open cell ends 44, and is shown as spent oxidant streams 35.
- This spent oxidant combusts withdepleted fuel, where part of the total depleted fuel passes through porous barrier 34 as shown by arrows 36, to form combusted exhaust gas 47, which exits the apparatus through combusted exhaust gas exit channels 45, finally exiting as exhaust gas E.
- the channels 45 can be made of a high temperature resistant metal, such as Inconel.
- a major portion of the hot gaseous spent fuel formed along the axial length of the cells 16 passes to at least one hot spent fuel recirculation channel 46, which can be made of a high temperature resistant metal such as Inconel.
- Another portion of the hot spent fuel passes into combustion chamber 24, shown as arrows 36, as previously described, to combust with spent air, shown as arrow 35, and preheat the fresh oxidant feed.
- hot spent fuel from channel 46 reaches channel46' at a temperature of approximately 1,000° C.
- Channel 46' in contact with the reforming chamber 54, allows a means of heat transfer between hot gas in that channel and chamber 54. This reduces the spent fuel temperature and provides heat for the endothermic reforming reaction.
- complete reforming of the fuel is not necessary since some internal reforming of the reformable fuel mixture by the nickel fiber felts 40, or on the nickel cermet surface 18 of the fuel cells within the generator chamber 22, can be utilized to keep the amount of reforming material 56 relatively small, and allow internal reformer 54 inclusion within the apparatus 10 if desirable.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/559,103 US5169730A (en) | 1990-07-25 | 1990-07-25 | Electrochemical cell apparatus having an exterior fuel mixer nozzle |
CA002041726A CA2041726C (fr) | 1990-07-25 | 1991-05-02 | Cellule electro-chimique ayant un injecteur-melangeur de combustible place a l'exterieur |
NO912471A NO306008B1 (no) | 1990-07-25 | 1991-06-25 | Elektrokjemisk celleapparat med ekstern brenselblandedyse |
JP3197076A JP2965272B2 (ja) | 1990-07-25 | 1991-07-11 | 燃料混合ノズルを外部に設けた電気化学的セル装置 |
ES91306527T ES2080258T3 (es) | 1990-07-25 | 1991-07-18 | Aparato de celulas electroquimicas con boquilla exterior mezcladora de combustible. |
DE69113707T DE69113707T2 (de) | 1990-07-25 | 1991-07-18 | Elektrochemische Zelle enthaltender Apparat mit einer aussenliegenden Brennstoffmischdüse. |
EP91306527A EP0468698B1 (fr) | 1990-07-25 | 1991-07-18 | Dispositif de cellules électrochimiques comportant un injecteur de mélange combustible extérieur |
KR1019910012689A KR100264296B1 (ko) | 1990-07-25 | 1991-07-24 | 전기화학적 셀 장치 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/559,103 US5169730A (en) | 1990-07-25 | 1990-07-25 | Electrochemical cell apparatus having an exterior fuel mixer nozzle |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5169730A true US5169730A (en) | 1992-12-08 |
Family
ID=24232279
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/559,103 Expired - Lifetime US5169730A (en) | 1990-07-25 | 1990-07-25 | Electrochemical cell apparatus having an exterior fuel mixer nozzle |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5169730A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0468698B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2965272B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR100264296B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2041726C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69113707T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2080258T3 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO306008B1 (fr) |
Cited By (93)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0677327A1 (fr) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-10-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Matière catalytique pour la réformation d'hydrocarbures et sa configuration |
US5498487A (en) * | 1994-08-11 | 1996-03-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Oxygen sensor for monitoring gas mixtures containing hydrocarbons |
US5573867A (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1996-11-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Purge gas protected transportable pressurized fuel cell modules and their operation in a power plant |
US5733675A (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 1998-03-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Electrochemical fuel cell generator having an internal and leak tight hydrocarbon fuel reformer |
US5741605A (en) * | 1996-03-08 | 1998-04-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Solid oxide fuel cell generator with removable modular fuel cell stack configurations |
US5750278A (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 1998-05-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Self-cooling mono-container fuel cell generators and power plants using an array of such generators |
US5824432A (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1998-10-20 | Mercedes-Benz Ag | High-temperature battery |
US5840437A (en) * | 1995-12-19 | 1998-11-24 | Sulzer Innotec Ag | Apparatus with fuel cells |
US6440594B1 (en) * | 1999-06-17 | 2002-08-27 | California Institute Of Technology | Aerosol feed direct methanol fuel cell |
US20030054209A1 (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-03-20 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Standard package design for both atmospheric and pressurized SOFC power generation system |
US20030134170A1 (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2003-07-17 | Partho Sarkar | Solid oxide fuel cell system |
US20030157386A1 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2003-08-21 | Ion America Corporation | Load matched power generation system including a solid oxide fuel cell and a heat pump and an optional turbine |
US6656623B2 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2003-12-02 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Low-cost atmospheric SOFC power generation system |
US6689499B2 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2004-02-10 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Pressurized solid oxide fuel cell integral air accumular containment |
US20040062973A1 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-01 | Agnew Gerard D. | Solid oxide fuel cell system |
US20040081859A1 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-04-29 | Ion America | Solid oxide regenerative fuel cell |
US20040126640A1 (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-01 | General Electric Company | Fuel cell module, combined cycle power system, and power generation method |
US20040191598A1 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-09-30 | Ion America Corporation | SORFC power and oxygen generation method and system |
US20040191597A1 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-09-30 | Ion America Corporation | Solid oxide regenerative fuel cell with selective anode tail gas circulation |
US20040202914A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-10-14 | Ion America Corporation | Co-production of hydrogen and electricity in a high temperature electrochemical system |
US20050048334A1 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2005-03-03 | Ion America Corporation | Combined energy storage and fuel generation with reversible fuel cells |
US20050053812A1 (en) * | 2003-09-10 | 2005-03-10 | Ion America Corporation | SORFC system with non-noble metal electrode compositions |
US20050064255A1 (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2005-03-24 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Fuel cell system with fluid stream recirculation |
US20050142419A1 (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2005-06-30 | Bourgeois Richard S. | Oxidant and fuel distribution for a fuel cell assembly |
US20050164051A1 (en) * | 2004-01-22 | 2005-07-28 | Ion America Corporation | High temperature fuel cell system and method of operating same |
US20050208363A1 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-09-22 | Taylor Owen S | Multi-function solid oxide fuel cell bundle and method of making the same |
US20050214613A1 (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2005-09-29 | Partho Sarkar | Tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack |
WO2006010212A1 (fr) * | 2004-07-28 | 2006-02-02 | Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited | Système de pile à combustible |
US20060110657A1 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2006-05-25 | William Stanton | Battery assembly for use in an uninterruptible power supply system and method |
US20060147771A1 (en) * | 2005-01-04 | 2006-07-06 | Ion America Corporation | Fuel cell system with independent reformer temperature control |
US20060222929A1 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-05 | Ion America Corporation | Reduction of SOFC anodes to extend stack lifetime |
US20060228598A1 (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-12 | Swaminathan Venkataraman | Fuel cell system with thermally integrated combustor and corrugated foil reformer |
US20060246337A1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-02 | Partho Sarkar | Fuel cell support structure |
US20060251939A1 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2006-11-09 | Bandhauer Todd M | High temperature fuel cell system with integrated heat exchanger network |
US20060251934A1 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2006-11-09 | Ion America Corporation | High temperature fuel cell system with integrated heat exchanger network |
US20060257696A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-16 | Ion America Corporation | Increasing thermal dissipation of fuel cell stacks under partial electrical load |
US20070017369A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-01-25 | Ion America Corporation | Fuel cell anode exhaust fuel recovery by adsorption |
US20070017367A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-01-25 | Ion America Corporation | Partial pressure swing adsorption system for providing hydrogen to a vehicle fuel cell |
US20070017368A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-01-25 | Ion America Corporation | Gas separation method and apparatus using partial pressure swing adsorption |
US20070178338A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-08-02 | Ion America Corporation | Fuel cell system with electrochemical anode exhaust recycling |
US20070196702A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2007-08-23 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Low pressure hydrogen fueled vehicle and method of operating same |
US20070231631A1 (en) * | 2006-04-03 | 2007-10-04 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Hybrid reformer for fuel flexibility |
US20070231635A1 (en) * | 2006-04-03 | 2007-10-04 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system operated on liquid fuels |
US7282291B2 (en) | 2002-11-25 | 2007-10-16 | California Institute Of Technology | Water free proton conducting membranes based on poly-4-vinylpyridinebisulfate for fuel cells |
US20080057359A1 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2008-03-06 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Flexible fuel cell system configuration to handle multiple fuels |
US20080075985A1 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-03-27 | Ion America Corporation | Adaptive purge control to prevent electrode redox cycles in fuel cell systems |
US20080076006A1 (en) * | 2006-09-25 | 2008-03-27 | Ion America Corporation | High utilization stack |
US20080096073A1 (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-04-24 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Dual function heat exchanger for start-up humidification and facility heating in SOFC system |
US20080152959A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Methods for fuel cell system optimization |
US20080241638A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-02 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC system producing reduced atmospheric carbon dioxide using a molten carbonated carbon dioxide pump |
US20080241612A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-02 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system with one hundred percent fuel utilization |
US20090176136A1 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2009-07-09 | Protonex Technology Corporation | Solid oxide fuel cell systems with hot zones and two-stage tail gas combustors |
US7575822B2 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2009-08-18 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Method of optimizing operating efficiency of fuel cells |
US20090214905A1 (en) * | 2007-01-08 | 2009-08-27 | California Institute Of Technology | Direct methanol fuel cell operable with neat methanol |
US7659022B2 (en) | 2006-08-14 | 2010-02-09 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Integrated solid oxide fuel cell and fuel processor |
US20100047637A1 (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-02-25 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Operation of fuel cell systems with reduced carbon formation and anode leading edge damage |
US20100239924A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2010-09-23 | Ion America Corporation | Fuel cell system with partial recycling of anode exhaust |
US7846599B2 (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2010-12-07 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Method for high temperature fuel cell system start up and shutdown |
US7858256B2 (en) | 2005-05-09 | 2010-12-28 | Bloom Energy Corporation | High temperature fuel cell system with integrated heat exchanger network |
US20110053027A1 (en) * | 2009-09-02 | 2011-03-03 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Multi-Stream Heat Exchanger for a Fuel Cell System |
CN102047482A (zh) * | 2008-05-30 | 2011-05-04 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 具有热交换器的固体氧化物燃料电池系统 |
US8067129B2 (en) | 2007-11-13 | 2011-11-29 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Electrolyte supported cell designed for longer life and higher power |
US8137855B2 (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2012-03-20 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Hot box design with a multi-stream heat exchanger and single air control |
US8241801B2 (en) | 2006-08-14 | 2012-08-14 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Integrated solid oxide fuel cell and fuel processor |
US20120224997A1 (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2012-09-06 | Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. | Reformed Gas Production Method And Reformed Gas Production Apparatus |
US8288041B2 (en) | 2008-02-19 | 2012-10-16 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system containing anode tail gas oxidizer and hybrid heat exchanger/reformer |
US8440362B2 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2013-05-14 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell mechanical components |
US8563180B2 (en) | 2011-01-06 | 2013-10-22 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC hot box components |
US8580456B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 | 2013-11-12 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Phase stable doped zirconia electrolyte compositions with low degradation |
US8586252B2 (en) | 2010-11-18 | 2013-11-19 | Acumentrics Corporation | Integral reactor system and method for fuel cells |
US8617763B2 (en) | 2009-08-12 | 2013-12-31 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Internal reforming anode for solid oxide fuel cells |
US8748056B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2014-06-10 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Anode with remarkable stability under conditions of extreme fuel starvation |
US8852820B2 (en) | 2007-08-15 | 2014-10-07 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell stack module shell with integrated heat exchanger |
US8968958B2 (en) | 2008-07-08 | 2015-03-03 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Voltage lead jumper connected fuel cell columns |
US9190693B2 (en) | 2006-01-23 | 2015-11-17 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Modular fuel cell system |
US9246184B1 (en) | 2007-11-13 | 2016-01-26 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Electrolyte supported cell designed for longer life and higher power |
US9287572B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2016-03-15 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Pre-reformer for selective reformation of higher hydrocarbons |
US9461320B2 (en) | 2014-02-12 | 2016-10-04 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Structure and method for fuel cell system where multiple fuel cells and power electronics feed loads in parallel allowing for integrated electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) |
US9515344B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2016-12-06 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Doped scandia stabilized zirconia electrolyte compositions |
US9755263B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-09-05 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell mechanical components |
US10096840B1 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2018-10-09 | Bloom Energy Corporation | High temperature air purge of solid oxide fuel cell anode electrodes |
US10109867B2 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2018-10-23 | Upstart Power, Inc. | Solid oxide fuel cell with flexible fuel rod support structure |
US10347930B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 | 2019-07-09 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Perimeter electrolyte reinforcement layer composition for solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes |
US10361442B2 (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2019-07-23 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC system and method which maintain a reducing anode environment |
US10573911B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 | 2020-02-25 | Upstart Power, Inc. | SOFC system formed with multiple thermally conductive pathways |
US10593981B2 (en) | 2007-04-13 | 2020-03-17 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Heterogeneous ceramic composite SOFC electrolyte |
US10615444B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2020-04-07 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Anode with high redox stability |
US10651496B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2020-05-12 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Modular pad for a fuel cell system |
US10680251B2 (en) | 2017-08-28 | 2020-06-09 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC including redox-tolerant anode electrode and system including the same |
US10790523B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 | 2020-09-29 | Upstart Power, Inc. | CPOX reactor control system and method |
US11108072B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 | 2021-08-31 | Upstart Power, Inc. | Planar solid oxide fuel unit cell and stack |
US11398634B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2022-07-26 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Solid oxide fuel cell system and method of operating the same using peak shaving gas |
US11784331B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 | 2023-10-10 | Upstart Power, Inc. | SOFC-conduction |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4438555C1 (de) * | 1994-10-28 | 1996-03-07 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Brennstoffzellenanordnung mit Reformierungseinrichtung |
AU2001274926A1 (en) | 2000-05-22 | 2001-12-03 | Acumentrics Corporation | Electrode-supported solid state electrochemical cell |
WO2003038934A1 (fr) * | 2001-11-01 | 2003-05-08 | Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. | Systeme de pile a combustible |
AUPS024302A0 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2002-02-21 | Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited | Thermal management of fuel cells |
CA2759750C (fr) * | 2002-02-20 | 2014-02-04 | Acumentrics Corporation | Empilement et etanchement de piles a combustible |
JP5109242B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-09 | 2012-12-26 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池に燃料ガスを供給する装置と燃料電池システム |
JP2008053078A (ja) | 2006-08-25 | 2008-03-06 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池及び燃料電池モジュール |
WO2013053374A1 (fr) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-18 | Topsoe Fuel Cell A/S | Ensemble bloc |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3718506A (en) * | 1971-02-22 | 1973-02-27 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Fuel cell system for reacting hydrocarbons |
US4395468A (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1983-07-26 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Fuel cell generator |
US4490444A (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1984-12-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | High temperature solid electrolyte fuel cell configurations and interconnections |
US4729931A (en) * | 1986-11-03 | 1988-03-08 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Reforming of fuel inside fuel cell generator |
US4808491A (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1989-02-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Corner heating in rectangular solid oxide electrochemical cell generators |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4374184A (en) * | 1981-09-29 | 1983-02-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Fuel cell generator and method of operating same |
-
1990
- 1990-07-25 US US07/559,103 patent/US5169730A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-05-02 CA CA002041726A patent/CA2041726C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-25 NO NO912471A patent/NO306008B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-11 JP JP3197076A patent/JP2965272B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-18 EP EP91306527A patent/EP0468698B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-18 ES ES91306527T patent/ES2080258T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-18 DE DE69113707T patent/DE69113707T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-24 KR KR1019910012689A patent/KR100264296B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3718506A (en) * | 1971-02-22 | 1973-02-27 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Fuel cell system for reacting hydrocarbons |
US4395468A (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1983-07-26 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Fuel cell generator |
US4490444A (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1984-12-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | High temperature solid electrolyte fuel cell configurations and interconnections |
US4729931A (en) * | 1986-11-03 | 1988-03-08 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Reforming of fuel inside fuel cell generator |
US4808491A (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1989-02-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Corner heating in rectangular solid oxide electrochemical cell generators |
Cited By (201)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5527631A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1996-06-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Hydrocarbon reforming catalyst material and configuration of the same |
EP0677327A1 (fr) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-10-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Matière catalytique pour la réformation d'hydrocarbures et sa configuration |
US5824432A (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1998-10-20 | Mercedes-Benz Ag | High-temperature battery |
US5498487A (en) * | 1994-08-11 | 1996-03-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Oxygen sensor for monitoring gas mixtures containing hydrocarbons |
US5750278A (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 1998-05-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Self-cooling mono-container fuel cell generators and power plants using an array of such generators |
US5733675A (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 1998-03-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Electrochemical fuel cell generator having an internal and leak tight hydrocarbon fuel reformer |
US5840437A (en) * | 1995-12-19 | 1998-11-24 | Sulzer Innotec Ag | Apparatus with fuel cells |
US5573867A (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1996-11-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Purge gas protected transportable pressurized fuel cell modules and their operation in a power plant |
US5741605A (en) * | 1996-03-08 | 1998-04-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Solid oxide fuel cell generator with removable modular fuel cell stack configurations |
US6440594B1 (en) * | 1999-06-17 | 2002-08-27 | California Institute Of Technology | Aerosol feed direct methanol fuel cell |
US6656623B2 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2003-12-02 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Low-cost atmospheric SOFC power generation system |
US6764784B2 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2004-07-20 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Standard package design for both atmospheric and pressurized SOFC power generation system |
US20030054209A1 (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-03-20 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Standard package design for both atmospheric and pressurized SOFC power generation system |
US6689499B2 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2004-02-10 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Pressurized solid oxide fuel cell integral air accumular containment |
US20030134170A1 (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2003-07-17 | Partho Sarkar | Solid oxide fuel cell system |
US6936367B2 (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2005-08-30 | Alberta Research Council Inc. | Solid oxide fuel cell system |
US20050214613A1 (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2005-09-29 | Partho Sarkar | Tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack |
US7736772B2 (en) | 2002-02-14 | 2010-06-15 | Alberta Research Council, Inc. | Tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack |
US20030162067A1 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2003-08-28 | Ion America Corporation | Fuel water vapor replenishment system for a fuel cell |
US20030157386A1 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2003-08-21 | Ion America Corporation | Load matched power generation system including a solid oxide fuel cell and a heat pump and an optional turbine |
US7255956B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2007-08-14 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Environmentally tolerant anode catalyst for a solid oxide fuel cell |
US7067208B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2006-06-27 | Ion America Corporation | Load matched power generation system including a solid oxide fuel cell and a heat pump and an optional turbine |
US20030165732A1 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2003-09-04 | Ion America Corporation | Environmentally tolerant anode catalyst for a solid oxide fuel cell |
US20050196657A1 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2005-09-08 | Partho Sarkar | Solid oxide fuel cell system |
US7235321B2 (en) | 2002-05-23 | 2007-06-26 | Alberta Research Council, Inc. | Solid oxide fuel cell system |
US20060127725A9 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2006-06-15 | Partho Sarkar | Solid oxide fuel cell system |
US20040062973A1 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-01 | Agnew Gerard D. | Solid oxide fuel cell system |
US7118818B2 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2006-10-10 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Solid oxide fuel cell system |
US6821663B2 (en) | 2002-10-23 | 2004-11-23 | Ion America Corporation | Solid oxide regenerative fuel cell |
US20040081859A1 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-04-29 | Ion America | Solid oxide regenerative fuel cell |
US7282291B2 (en) | 2002-11-25 | 2007-10-16 | California Institute Of Technology | Water free proton conducting membranes based on poly-4-vinylpyridinebisulfate for fuel cells |
US6989209B2 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2006-01-24 | General Electric Company | Power generation method |
US20040126640A1 (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-01 | General Electric Company | Fuel cell module, combined cycle power system, and power generation method |
US20060204798A1 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2006-09-14 | Ion America Corporation | SORFC power and oxygen generation method and system |
US20040191598A1 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-09-30 | Ion America Corporation | SORFC power and oxygen generation method and system |
US7201979B2 (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2007-04-10 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SORFC system and method with an exothermic net electrolysis reaction |
US20050214609A1 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2005-09-29 | Ion America Corporation | Solid oxide fuel cell with selective anode tail gas circulation |
US6924053B2 (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2005-08-02 | Ion America Corporation | Solid oxide regenerative fuel cell with selective anode tail gas circulation |
US7572530B2 (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2009-08-11 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SORFC power and oxygen generation method and system |
US7045238B2 (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2006-05-16 | Ion America Corporation | SORFC power and oxygen generation method and system |
US20040191595A1 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-09-30 | Ion America Corporation | SORFC system and method with an exothermic net electrolysis reaction |
US20040191597A1 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-09-30 | Ion America Corporation | Solid oxide regenerative fuel cell with selective anode tail gas circulation |
US7482078B2 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2009-01-27 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Co-production of hydrogen and electricity in a high temperature electrochemical system |
US8071241B2 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2011-12-06 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Method for the co-production of hydrogen and electricity in a high temperature electrochemical system |
US7575822B2 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2009-08-18 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Method of optimizing operating efficiency of fuel cells |
US8071246B2 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2011-12-06 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Method of optimizing operating efficiency of fuel cells |
US7878280B2 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2011-02-01 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Low pressure hydrogen fueled vehicle and method of operating same |
US8277992B2 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2012-10-02 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Method of optimizing operating efficiency of fuel cells |
US8663859B2 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2014-03-04 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Method of optimizing operating efficiency of fuel cells |
US20110011362A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2011-01-20 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Low pressure hydrogen fueled vehicle and method of operating same |
US20070196702A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2007-08-23 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Low pressure hydrogen fueled vehicle and method of operating same |
US20080318092A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2008-12-25 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Co-production of hydrogen and electricity in a high temperature electrochemical system |
US20040202914A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-10-14 | Ion America Corporation | Co-production of hydrogen and electricity in a high temperature electrochemical system |
US7364810B2 (en) | 2003-09-03 | 2008-04-29 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Combined energy storage and fuel generation with reversible fuel cells |
US20050048334A1 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2005-03-03 | Ion America Corporation | Combined energy storage and fuel generation with reversible fuel cells |
US7781112B2 (en) | 2003-09-03 | 2010-08-24 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Combined energy storage and fuel generation with reversible fuel cells |
US8053136B2 (en) | 2003-09-10 | 2011-11-08 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SORFC system with non-noble metal electrode compositions |
US20070054176A1 (en) * | 2003-09-10 | 2007-03-08 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SORFC system with non-noble metal electrode compositions |
US7150927B2 (en) | 2003-09-10 | 2006-12-19 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SORFC system with non-noble metal electrode compositions |
US20050053812A1 (en) * | 2003-09-10 | 2005-03-10 | Ion America Corporation | SORFC system with non-noble metal electrode compositions |
US7887971B2 (en) | 2003-09-10 | 2011-02-15 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SORFC system with non-noble metal electrode compositions |
US20110104578A1 (en) * | 2003-09-10 | 2011-05-05 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SORFC System with Non-Noble Metal Electrode Compositions |
US7309537B2 (en) | 2003-09-18 | 2007-12-18 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Fuel cell system with fluid stream recirculation |
US20050064255A1 (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2005-03-24 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Fuel cell system with fluid stream recirculation |
US7387850B2 (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2008-06-17 | General Electric Company | Oxidant and fuel distribution for a fuel cell assembly |
US20050142419A1 (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2005-06-30 | Bourgeois Richard S. | Oxidant and fuel distribution for a fuel cell assembly |
US20050164051A1 (en) * | 2004-01-22 | 2005-07-28 | Ion America Corporation | High temperature fuel cell system and method of operating same |
US7704618B2 (en) | 2004-01-22 | 2010-04-27 | Bloom Energy Corporation | High temperature fuel cell system and method of operating same |
US20080311445A1 (en) * | 2004-01-22 | 2008-12-18 | Bloom Energy Corporation | High temperature fuel cell system and method of operating same |
US20110189567A1 (en) * | 2004-01-22 | 2011-08-04 | Bloom Energy Corporation | High Temperature Fuel Cell System and Method of Operating the Same |
US7422810B2 (en) | 2004-01-22 | 2008-09-09 | Bloom Energy Corporation | High temperature fuel cell system and method of operating same |
US20100203417A1 (en) * | 2004-01-22 | 2010-08-12 | Bloom Energy Corporation | High temperature fuel cell system and method of operating same |
US7901814B2 (en) | 2004-01-22 | 2011-03-08 | Bloom Energy Corporation | High temperature fuel cell system and method of operating same |
US20050208363A1 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-09-22 | Taylor Owen S | Multi-function solid oxide fuel cell bundle and method of making the same |
US9985310B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2018-05-29 | Pittsburgh Electric Engines, Inc. | Multi-function solid oxide fuel cell bundle and method of making the same |
US7364812B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2008-04-29 | Pittsburgh Electric Engines, Inc. | Multi-function solid oxide fuel cell bundle and method of making the same |
US20120224997A1 (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2012-09-06 | Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. | Reformed Gas Production Method And Reformed Gas Production Apparatus |
US9162888B2 (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2015-10-20 | Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. | Reformed gas production method and reformed gas production apparatus |
US20090142631A1 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2009-06-04 | Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited | Fuel cell system |
WO2006010212A1 (fr) * | 2004-07-28 | 2006-02-02 | Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited | Système de pile à combustible |
US20060110657A1 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2006-05-25 | William Stanton | Battery assembly for use in an uninterruptible power supply system and method |
US20060147771A1 (en) * | 2005-01-04 | 2006-07-06 | Ion America Corporation | Fuel cell system with independent reformer temperature control |
US7514166B2 (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2009-04-07 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Reduction of SOFC anodes to extend stack lifetime |
US20060222929A1 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-05 | Ion America Corporation | Reduction of SOFC anodes to extend stack lifetime |
US7524572B2 (en) | 2005-04-07 | 2009-04-28 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system with thermally integrated combustor and corrugated foil reformer |
US20060228598A1 (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-12 | Swaminathan Venkataraman | Fuel cell system with thermally integrated combustor and corrugated foil reformer |
US8709674B2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2014-04-29 | Alberta Research Council Inc. | Fuel cell support structure |
US20060246337A1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-02 | Partho Sarkar | Fuel cell support structure |
US20060251939A1 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2006-11-09 | Bandhauer Todd M | High temperature fuel cell system with integrated heat exchanger network |
US9413017B2 (en) | 2005-05-09 | 2016-08-09 | Bloom Energy Corporation | High temperature fuel cell system with integrated heat exchanger network |
US7858256B2 (en) | 2005-05-09 | 2010-12-28 | Bloom Energy Corporation | High temperature fuel cell system with integrated heat exchanger network |
US20060251934A1 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2006-11-09 | Ion America Corporation | High temperature fuel cell system with integrated heat exchanger network |
US8691462B2 (en) | 2005-05-09 | 2014-04-08 | Modine Manufacturing Company | High temperature fuel cell system with integrated heat exchanger network |
US8685579B2 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2014-04-01 | Bloom Enery Corporation | Increasing thermal dissipation of fuel cell stacks under partial electrical load |
US20100081018A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2010-04-01 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Increasing thermal dissipation of fuel cell stacks under partial electrical load |
US7700210B2 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2010-04-20 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Increasing thermal dissipation of fuel cell stacks under partial electrical load |
US9166246B2 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2015-10-20 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Increasing thermal dissipation of fuel cell stacks under partial electrical load |
US20060257696A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-16 | Ion America Corporation | Increasing thermal dissipation of fuel cell stacks under partial electrical load |
US20100239924A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2010-09-23 | Ion America Corporation | Fuel cell system with partial recycling of anode exhaust |
US7591880B2 (en) | 2005-07-25 | 2009-09-22 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell anode exhaust fuel recovery by adsorption |
US20070178338A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-08-02 | Ion America Corporation | Fuel cell system with electrochemical anode exhaust recycling |
US20070017368A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-01-25 | Ion America Corporation | Gas separation method and apparatus using partial pressure swing adsorption |
US20070017367A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-01-25 | Ion America Corporation | Partial pressure swing adsorption system for providing hydrogen to a vehicle fuel cell |
US9911989B2 (en) | 2005-07-25 | 2018-03-06 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system with partial recycling of anode exhaust |
US8101307B2 (en) | 2005-07-25 | 2012-01-24 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system with electrochemical anode exhaust recycling |
US7520916B2 (en) | 2005-07-25 | 2009-04-21 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Partial pressure swing adsorption system for providing hydrogen to a vehicle fuel cell |
US20070017369A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-01-25 | Ion America Corporation | Fuel cell anode exhaust fuel recovery by adsorption |
US9947955B2 (en) | 2006-01-23 | 2018-04-17 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Modular fuel cell system |
US9190693B2 (en) | 2006-01-23 | 2015-11-17 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Modular fuel cell system |
US20100203416A1 (en) * | 2006-04-03 | 2010-08-12 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Hybrid reformer for fuel flexibility |
US20070231631A1 (en) * | 2006-04-03 | 2007-10-04 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Hybrid reformer for fuel flexibility |
US8057944B2 (en) | 2006-04-03 | 2011-11-15 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Hybrid reformer for fuel flexibility |
US20070231635A1 (en) * | 2006-04-03 | 2007-10-04 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system operated on liquid fuels |
US7704617B2 (en) | 2006-04-03 | 2010-04-27 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Hybrid reformer for fuel flexibility |
US8822094B2 (en) | 2006-04-03 | 2014-09-02 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system operated on liquid fuels |
US7659022B2 (en) | 2006-08-14 | 2010-02-09 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Integrated solid oxide fuel cell and fuel processor |
US20100124685A1 (en) * | 2006-08-14 | 2010-05-20 | Jeroen Valensa | Integrated solid oxide fuel cell and fuel processor |
US8026013B2 (en) | 2006-08-14 | 2011-09-27 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Annular or ring shaped fuel cell unit |
US8241801B2 (en) | 2006-08-14 | 2012-08-14 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Integrated solid oxide fuel cell and fuel processor |
US20080057359A1 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2008-03-06 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Flexible fuel cell system configuration to handle multiple fuels |
US7846600B2 (en) | 2006-09-21 | 2010-12-07 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Adaptive purge control to prevent electrode redox cycles in fuel cell systems |
US20080075985A1 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-03-27 | Ion America Corporation | Adaptive purge control to prevent electrode redox cycles in fuel cell systems |
US20080076006A1 (en) * | 2006-09-25 | 2008-03-27 | Ion America Corporation | High utilization stack |
US7968245B2 (en) | 2006-09-25 | 2011-06-28 | Bloom Energy Corporation | High utilization stack |
US9812714B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2017-11-07 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Anode with remarkable stability under conditions of extreme fuel starvation |
US8748056B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2014-06-10 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Anode with remarkable stability under conditions of extreme fuel starvation |
US10615444B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2020-04-07 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Anode with high redox stability |
US10622642B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2020-04-14 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Anode with remarkable stability under conditions of extreme fuel starvation |
US20080096073A1 (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-04-24 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Dual function heat exchanger for start-up humidification and facility heating in SOFC system |
US8435689B2 (en) | 2006-10-23 | 2013-05-07 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Dual function heat exchanger for start-up humidification and facility heating in SOFC system |
US20080152959A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Methods for fuel cell system optimization |
US7393603B1 (en) | 2006-12-20 | 2008-07-01 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Methods for fuel cell system optimization |
US20090214905A1 (en) * | 2007-01-08 | 2009-08-27 | California Institute Of Technology | Direct methanol fuel cell operable with neat methanol |
US7833668B2 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2010-11-16 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system with greater than 95% fuel utilization |
US7883803B2 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2011-02-08 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC system producing reduced atmospheric carbon dioxide using a molten carbonated carbon dioxide pump |
US20080241638A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-02 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC system producing reduced atmospheric carbon dioxide using a molten carbonated carbon dioxide pump |
US20080241612A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-02 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system with one hundred percent fuel utilization |
US10593981B2 (en) | 2007-04-13 | 2020-03-17 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Heterogeneous ceramic composite SOFC electrolyte |
US7846599B2 (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2010-12-07 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Method for high temperature fuel cell system start up and shutdown |
US8137855B2 (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2012-03-20 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Hot box design with a multi-stream heat exchanger and single air control |
US8920997B2 (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2014-12-30 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Hybrid fuel heat exchanger—pre-reformer in SOFC systems |
US9680175B2 (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2017-06-13 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Integrated fuel line to support CPOX and SMR reactions in SOFC systems |
US9166240B2 (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2015-10-20 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Hot box design with a multi-stream heat exchanger and single air control |
US8852820B2 (en) | 2007-08-15 | 2014-10-07 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell stack module shell with integrated heat exchanger |
US9722273B2 (en) | 2007-08-15 | 2017-08-01 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system components |
US9991540B2 (en) | 2007-11-13 | 2018-06-05 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Electrolyte supported cell designed for longer life and higher power |
US8333919B2 (en) | 2007-11-13 | 2012-12-18 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Electrolyte supported cell designed for longer life and higher power |
US8067129B2 (en) | 2007-11-13 | 2011-11-29 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Electrolyte supported cell designed for longer life and higher power |
US9246184B1 (en) | 2007-11-13 | 2016-01-26 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Electrolyte supported cell designed for longer life and higher power |
US8999601B2 (en) | 2007-11-13 | 2015-04-07 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Electrolyte supported cell designed for longer life and higher power |
US20090176136A1 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2009-07-09 | Protonex Technology Corporation | Solid oxide fuel cell systems with hot zones and two-stage tail gas combustors |
US8197976B2 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2012-06-12 | Protonex Technology Corporation | Solid oxide fuel cell systems with hot zones and two-stage tail gas combustors |
US8288041B2 (en) | 2008-02-19 | 2012-10-16 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system containing anode tail gas oxidizer and hybrid heat exchanger/reformer |
US9105894B2 (en) | 2008-02-19 | 2015-08-11 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system containing anode tail gas oxidizer and hybrid heat exchanger/reformer |
US8535839B2 (en) | 2008-02-19 | 2013-09-17 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system containing anode tail gas oxidizer and hybrid heat exchanger/reformer |
CN102047482A (zh) * | 2008-05-30 | 2011-05-04 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 具有热交换器的固体氧化物燃料电池系统 |
US8968958B2 (en) | 2008-07-08 | 2015-03-03 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Voltage lead jumper connected fuel cell columns |
US20100047637A1 (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-02-25 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Operation of fuel cell systems with reduced carbon formation and anode leading edge damage |
US9287571B2 (en) | 2008-07-23 | 2016-03-15 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Operation of fuel cell systems with reduced carbon formation and anode leading edge damage |
US8617763B2 (en) | 2009-08-12 | 2013-12-31 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Internal reforming anode for solid oxide fuel cells |
US9401517B2 (en) | 2009-09-02 | 2016-07-26 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Multi-stream heat exchanger for a fuel cell system |
US8445156B2 (en) | 2009-09-02 | 2013-05-21 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Multi-stream heat exchanger for a fuel cell system |
US20110053027A1 (en) * | 2009-09-02 | 2011-03-03 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Multi-Stream Heat Exchanger for a Fuel Cell System |
US8580456B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 | 2013-11-12 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Phase stable doped zirconia electrolyte compositions with low degradation |
US9799909B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 | 2017-10-24 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Phase stable doped zirconia electrolyte compositions with low degradation |
US9413024B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 | 2016-08-09 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Phase stable doped zirconia electrolyte compositions with low degradation |
US9520602B2 (en) | 2010-09-01 | 2016-12-13 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC hot box components |
US9190673B2 (en) | 2010-09-01 | 2015-11-17 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC hot box components |
US8822101B2 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2014-09-02 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell mechanical components |
US8440362B2 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2013-05-14 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell mechanical components |
US10840535B2 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2020-11-17 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell mechanical components |
US9590260B2 (en) | 2010-11-18 | 2017-03-07 | Acumentrics Sofc Corporation | Integral reactor system and method for fuel cells |
US8586252B2 (en) | 2010-11-18 | 2013-11-19 | Acumentrics Corporation | Integral reactor system and method for fuel cells |
US9780392B2 (en) | 2011-01-06 | 2017-10-03 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC hot box components |
US8563180B2 (en) | 2011-01-06 | 2013-10-22 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC hot box components |
US9941525B2 (en) | 2011-01-06 | 2018-04-10 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC hot box components |
US8877399B2 (en) | 2011-01-06 | 2014-11-04 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC hot box components |
US10797327B2 (en) | 2011-01-06 | 2020-10-06 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC hot box components |
US9991526B2 (en) | 2011-01-06 | 2018-06-05 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC hot box components |
US8968943B2 (en) | 2011-01-06 | 2015-03-03 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC hot box components |
US10381673B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2019-08-13 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Doped scandia stabilized zirconia electrolyte compositions |
US10978726B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2021-04-13 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Doped scandia stabilized zirconia electrolyte compositions |
US9515344B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2016-12-06 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Doped scandia stabilized zirconia electrolyte compositions |
US9755263B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-09-05 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell mechanical components |
US10109867B2 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2018-10-23 | Upstart Power, Inc. | Solid oxide fuel cell with flexible fuel rod support structure |
US9799902B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2017-10-24 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Pre-reformer for selective reformation of higher hydrocarbons |
US9287572B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2016-03-15 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Pre-reformer for selective reformation of higher hydrocarbons |
US9461320B2 (en) | 2014-02-12 | 2016-10-04 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Structure and method for fuel cell system where multiple fuel cells and power electronics feed loads in parallel allowing for integrated electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) |
US11784331B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 | 2023-10-10 | Upstart Power, Inc. | SOFC-conduction |
US10096840B1 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2018-10-09 | Bloom Energy Corporation | High temperature air purge of solid oxide fuel cell anode electrodes |
US10651496B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2020-05-12 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Modular pad for a fuel cell system |
US10347930B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 | 2019-07-09 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Perimeter electrolyte reinforcement layer composition for solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes |
US10790523B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 | 2020-09-29 | Upstart Power, Inc. | CPOX reactor control system and method |
US10573911B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 | 2020-02-25 | Upstart Power, Inc. | SOFC system formed with multiple thermally conductive pathways |
US11605825B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 | 2023-03-14 | Upstart Power, Inc. | CPOX reactor control system and method |
US11108072B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 | 2021-08-31 | Upstart Power, Inc. | Planar solid oxide fuel unit cell and stack |
US11664517B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 | 2023-05-30 | Upstart Power, Inc. | Planar solid oxide fuel unit cell and stack |
US10361442B2 (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2019-07-23 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC system and method which maintain a reducing anode environment |
US10680251B2 (en) | 2017-08-28 | 2020-06-09 | Bloom Energy Corporation | SOFC including redox-tolerant anode electrode and system including the same |
US11398634B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2022-07-26 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Solid oxide fuel cell system and method of operating the same using peak shaving gas |
US11876257B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2024-01-16 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Solid oxide fuel cell system and method of operating the same using peak shaving gas |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO306008B1 (no) | 1999-08-30 |
ES2080258T3 (es) | 1996-02-01 |
NO912471D0 (no) | 1991-06-25 |
KR920003572A (ko) | 1992-02-29 |
JPH04253166A (ja) | 1992-09-08 |
KR100264296B1 (ko) | 2000-08-16 |
NO912471L (no) | 1992-01-27 |
JP2965272B2 (ja) | 1999-10-18 |
CA2041726A1 (fr) | 1992-01-26 |
DE69113707T2 (de) | 1996-05-30 |
EP0468698A1 (fr) | 1992-01-29 |
CA2041726C (fr) | 2003-07-08 |
EP0468698B1 (fr) | 1995-10-11 |
DE69113707D1 (de) | 1995-11-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5169730A (en) | Electrochemical cell apparatus having an exterior fuel mixer nozzle | |
US5047299A (en) | Electrochemical cell apparatus having an integrated reformer-mixer nozzle-mixer diffuser | |
US5143800A (en) | Electrochemical cell apparatus having combusted exhaust gas heat exchange and valving to control the reformable feed fuel composition | |
US4983471A (en) | Electrochemical cell apparatus having axially distributed entry of a fuel-spent fuel mixture transverse to the cell lengths | |
US5082751A (en) | Internal natural gas reformer-dividers for a solid oxide fuel cell generator configuration | |
US6485852B1 (en) | Integrated fuel reformation and thermal management system for solid oxide fuel cell systems | |
US7695841B2 (en) | Solid oxide fuel cell tube with internal fuel processing | |
US4395468A (en) | Fuel cell generator | |
EP0242200B1 (fr) | Générateurs de piles à combustible | |
EP0055011A1 (fr) | Générateur comprenant des piles à combustible à électrolyte solide fonctionnant à haute température | |
EP0677327A1 (fr) | Matière catalytique pour la réformation d'hydrocarbures et sa configuration | |
US4520082A (en) | Fuel cell generator | |
WO2002069430A9 (fr) | Ameliorations du reformage interne pour piles a combustible | |
US7687166B2 (en) | Process for generation of electricity from a solid oxide fuel cell auxiliary power unit using engine exhaust gas |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION, PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:REICHNER, PHILIP;DOSHI, VINOD B.;REEL/FRAME:005413/0069;SIGNING DATES FROM 19900625 TO 19900627 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SIEMENS WESTINGHOUSE POWER CORPORATION, FLORIDA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT NUNC PRO TUNC EFFECTIVE AUGUST 19, 1998;ASSIGNOR:CBS CORPORATION, FORMERLY KNOWN AS WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:009605/0650 Effective date: 19980929 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYER NUMBER DE-ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: RMPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SIEMENS POWER GENERATION, INC., FLORIDA Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SIEMENS WESTINGHOUSE POWER CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:016996/0491 Effective date: 20050801 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SIEMENS ENERGY, INC., FLORIDA Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SIEMENS POWER GENERATION, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022482/0740 Effective date: 20081001 Owner name: SIEMENS ENERGY, INC.,FLORIDA Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SIEMENS POWER GENERATION, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022482/0740 Effective date: 20081001 |