US5101089A - Laser machine for cutting and welding - Google Patents

Laser machine for cutting and welding Download PDF

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Publication number
US5101089A
US5101089A US07/559,054 US55905490A US5101089A US 5101089 A US5101089 A US 5101089A US 55905490 A US55905490 A US 55905490A US 5101089 A US5101089 A US 5101089A
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United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
machine
series
laser head
teeth
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US07/559,054
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English (en)
Inventor
Virgilio Bortolotto
Alberto D. Piane
Fabrizio Grassi
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Prima Industrie SpA
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Prima Industrie SpA
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Assigned to PRIMA INDUSTRIE S.P.A. reassignment PRIMA INDUSTRIE S.P.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BORTOLOTTO, VIRGILIO, GRASSI, FABRIZIO, PIANE, ALBERTO D.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
    • B23K26/1476—Features inside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream through the nozzle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B23K26/1482—Detachable nozzles, e.g. exchangeable or provided with breakaway lines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/17—Tool changing including machine tool or component

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a laser machine, in particular for both cutting and welding, comprising a laser head with a nozzle for directing on to the workpiece a laser beam together with a gas jet suitable for the operation being performed (cutting or welding); and a numerical control system for moving the laser head in relation to the workpiece/s along continuous programmable trajectories.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a laser machine of the aforementioned type designed to perform both cutting and welding operations with no need for changing the laser head or at any rate with no need for prolonged stoppage of the machine for manual retooling, said retooling, if necessary, being performed automatically by the machine itself.
  • a laser machine for performing mechanical operations, in particular, cutting and welding, said machine comprising a laser head having a nozzle supplying a laser beam and a stream of gas suitable for the operation being performed; and means for moving said laser head relatively in space, within a given work volume, in relation to at least one workpiece; characterised by the fact that said nozzle comprises a removable portion designed according to the type of operation being performed; and first releasable gripping means for securing said removable portion integral with said nozzle; said machine also comprising a nozzle refitting station located inside said work volume and having second releasable gripping means for securing said removable portion of said nozzle integral with said station; and means for selectively connecting/disconnecting said first and second gripping means.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view, not to scale, of a machine in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a large-scale view of details on the FIG. 1 machine in a first operating position
  • FIG. 3 shows the FIG. 2 details in a further operating position
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show respective sections of the FIG. 3 details along line IV--IV;
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show respective sections of the FIG. 3 details along line VI--VI.
  • Number 1 in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 indicates a laser machine for cutting or welding a workpiece 2 on a suitably equipped worktable 3 located inside a work volume 5 defined by structure 4.
  • Machine 1 is designed to support a laser head 6 inside work volume 5, and to enable the same to travel in relation to workpiece 2 and table 3 along any continuous programmable trajectory.
  • laser head 6 is supported in mobile manner on a gantry type structure 4 comprising a device 7 for moving laser head 6 within work volume 5 along three cartesian axes, e.g.
  • machine 1 also comprises a first powered coupling 14 at the bottom of column 10, and a second powered coupling 15 supported laterally on coupling 14. Said couplings 14 and 15 enable rotation of laser head 6 about the longitudinal axis of column 10, and about an axis 16 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of column 10 and parallel to the axis along which carriage 12 travels.
  • Laser head 6 is also preferably secured to coupling 15 by a powered slide 18 enabling adaptive movement of head 6 in relation to workpiece 2 along the axis of symmetry of head 6, however oriented in a plane perpendicular to axis 16.
  • Mobile elements 9, 12, 10, 14, 15 and 18 are all controlled by a known numerical control (not shown).
  • Laser head 6 is designed to receive in known manner (in the non-limiting example shown, by means of a known optical system (not shown) supported on structure 4) a laser beam 20 produced by known equipment (not shown), and to direct said beam 20 on to workpiece 2 together with a stream of gas 21 (shown schematically by the arrows) the nature of which depends on the type of operation (cutting or welding) being performed.
  • laser head 6 comprises a nozzle 24 (shown in detail in FIGS. 2 and 3) through which beam 20 and stream 21 travel.
  • Said stream 21 will be of oxygen or a similar oxidizing gas for cutting operations, or an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen for welding operations.
  • Said stream of gas 21 is supplied to nozzle 24 along a pipe 25 and, according to the present invention, machine 1 comprises a servovalve 26 (controlled by a known electronic system (not shown) governing machine 1 as a whole) for selectively connecting pipe 25 to a pipe 27 supplying a first type of gas, e.g. oxidizing gas, or to a pipe 28 supplying a second type of gas, e.g. inert gas.
  • Both pipes 27 and 28 are connected to appropriate pressure sources, e.g. pressurized tanks (not shown).
  • Nozzle 24 comprises a top portion 30 connected to laser head 6, and a bottom end portion defined, according to the present invention, by a tip 31 designed according to the type of operation being performed and, generally speaking, the type of workpiece 2.
  • Machine 1 comprises at least two tips 31 of different length and internal geometry, and selectively connectable to top portion 30 for defining the bottom portion of nozzle 24 best suited geometrically to the type of operation in question.
  • the same laser head 6 may thus be employed for both cutting and welding operations by selecting, in addition to the most suitable tip 31, also the type of gas required by means of valve 26.
  • the same laser head 6 may be employed for performing the same or different operations on different workpieces or portions of the same piece requiring a specific nozzle design, thus enabling the operation to be performed under the best possible conditions in a highly disturbed environment typical of laser processing (and characterised by high temperature, fumes and splash), while at the same time ensuring perfect optical, mechanical and flow concentricity of the pressurized gas.
  • machine 1 for meeting the above requirements and automatically changing tips 31 on top portion 30, machine 1 according to the present invention comprises a nozzle refitting station 33 located inside work volume 5 and readily accessible by laser head 6 subsequent to displacement of the same by device 7.
  • Station 33 may be installed in fixed manner inside work volume 5 (as shown in FIG. 1) or, according to a variation not shown, may be installed so as to move selectively, like worktable 3, in and out of work volume 5.
  • Station 33 presents at least two identical supporting devices 34 (only one of which is shown in FIG. 1 and in detail in FIGS. 2 and 3) arranged, for example, side by side and each designed to support a standby tip 31.
  • nozzle 24 and devices 34 present releasable means for gripping and securing tips 31 integral with nozzle 24 or one of the devices 34; as well as means for selectively connecting/disconnecting said gripping means as required. Tips 31 may thus be changed by simply moving head 6 up to an empty device 34 in station 33; releasing tip 31 on to said device 34; moving head 6 over to the second device 34 supporting the other tip 31; and withdrawing said other tip 31, thus leaving said second device 34 empty for receiving back the withdrawn tip 31.
  • Nozzle 24, and consequently also component elements 30 and 31, must also be designed to function as a capacitive sensor, for controlling adaptive displacement by slide 18 and so maintaining nozzle 24 at the same distance from the surface of workpieces 2 presenting minor surface defects, such as puckering caused by local distortion of workpieces 2 of relatively thin sheet metal.
  • connecting portion 30 presents an external inductor 36 protected by a cap 37 and connected, for example, to a known resonant LC circuit (not shown) in turn connected to the electronic system controlling machine 1. Provision must therefore be made for ensuring optimum contact of elements 30 and 31, and connection of the same for sufficiently reproducing the electrical characteristics of nozzle 24 as a whole whenever the same tip 31 is removed and replaced.
  • tips 31 are selectively connectable to element 30 by means of respective bayonet connectors 40 and 41 connected/disconnected by a system on machine 1 consisting of means enabling selective rotation and relative travel of nozzle 24 and devices 34.
  • station 33 may present a motor 43 for selectively rotating supporting devices 34 about an axis parallel to the axis of symmetry of nozzle 24 when this is positioned facing and coaxial with one of devices 34 by means of three-axis positioning device 7. In this case, relative travel is achieved by device 7, but it may also be achieved by motor 43 moving devices 34.
  • relative displacement for connecting/disconnecting connectors 40 and 41 is controlled directly by the system governing head 6, and using, in addition to device 7, also rotary couplings 14 and 15, i.e. the two additional numerical control axes provided on machine 1 according to the present invention and which are absent on most standard robot handling devices.
  • each tip 31 presents a first and second series of external radial tabs 45 and 46, both equally spaced in a ring.
  • Tabs 45 are designed to cooperate with a series of respective L-shaped teeth 47 projecting frontwards and equally spaced in a ring about the bottom end 48 of portion 30 of nozzle 24, preferably secured to portion 30 in removable manner by means of a threaded coupling projecting from cap 37.
  • Tabs 46 are designed to cooperate with a second series of respective L-shaped teeth 49 similar to 47 and equally spaced in a ring inside a seat 50 on each supporting device 34 in station 33.
  • End 48 supports a ring 52 designed to slide parallel to teeth 47 and against the action of elastic means defined by a helical spring 51 housed inside cap 37.
  • Ring 52 comprises a series of axial tabs 53 (only one of which is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) equally spaced in a ring so as to slide between adjacent teeth 47; and an annular shoulder 54 designed to contact edge 55 of seat 50 on each supporting device 34.
  • Spring 51 which is inserted between ring 52 and a shoulder 56, normally maintains ring 52 in the extracted position contacting a shoulder 57 formed on end 48 at the base of teeth 47, and wherein tabs 53 are inserted between and substantially over the full height of teeth 47.
  • a pin 59 designed to slide axially between and parallel to adjacent teeth 49 against the action of a helical spring 60 housed inside a recess 61 formed at the base of seat 50 and closed by a threaded cap 62.
  • pin 59 cooperates head-on with a pin 64 housed, in sliding manner and projecting from edge 55, inside a hole 65 formed adjacent to seat 50.
  • Said pin 64 (FIG. 3) cooperates frontally with a shoulder surface 66 on portion 30 of nozzle 24, designed to receive interchangeable tip 31 and, in the example shown, defined by the front surface of cap 37.
  • tabs 45 and 46 of each tip 31 are four in number, and so shaped and arranged as to form a Maltese cross (plan view).
  • each series of tabs 45 and 46 comprises a respective smaller tab 45a and 46a.
  • each series of teeth 47 and 49 comprises a tooth having a lateral internal check pin numbered 77 and 79 respectively.
  • teeth 47 and 49 are angularly offset by an amount equal to the tab pitch, in the example shown, by 45°.
  • Machine 1 as described above operates as follows.
  • station 33 supports, for example, two different tips 31, one for welding and the other for cutting, and each supported on a device 34; head 6 presents only portion 30 of nozzle 24; tabs 46 are engaged beneath teeth 49; and pin 79 and pin 59, which is maintained by spring 60 in the extracted position between two teeth 49, prevent rotation of tips 31 by virtue of arresting tabs 46.
  • machine 1 moves head 6 up to one of devices 34 to withdraw the tip 31 required for the operation in question.
  • Head 6 is positioned with portion 30 coaxial with tip 31 by the numerical control positioning systems on machine 1, in that station 33 is located inside work volume 5 and its coordinates memorised in the electronic control system governing machine 1.
  • withdrawal is effected by traversing and relatively rotating, in the appropriate direction, tip 31 on device 34 and nozzle portion 30.
  • This may be effected by rotating and traversing device 34 or, as in the example shown, using the powered head control devices (device 7 and rotary couplings 14 and 15), i.e. by maintaining device 34 stationary and moving only nozzle portion 30.
  • head 6 is lowered for inserting projecting end 48 inside seat 50.
  • nozzle 24 is simply set to the FIG. 2 position and lowered towards devices 34 for inserting tip 31 inside seat 50. As in the previous case, downward movement of nozzle 24 results in withdrawal of pin 59 and ring 52, thus positioning nozzle 24 and device 34 as shown in FIG. 3. At this point, portion 30 is rotated in the opposite direction, as shown by the arrows in FIGS. 4 and 7.
  • tip 31, which is rotated by end portion 48 by virtue of pin 77 cooperating with tab 45a (FIG. 7) causes tabs 46 to engage teeth 49 (FIG. 4), subsequent to which, tab 46a contacts pin 79, thus preventing rotation of tip 31. Further 45° rotation of end portion 48 therefore releases tabs 45 from teeth 47 (FIG. 6).
  • machine 1 provides for switching fully automatically, and without stopping the machine, from welding to cutting operations or vice versa, as well as for adapting the geometry of the nozzle to that of the workpiece (or portions of the same) within the same operation.
  • Machine 1 according to the present invention therefore provides for a high degree of versatility combined with low cost and a high degree of reliability.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
US07/559,054 1989-08-01 1990-07-30 Laser machine for cutting and welding Expired - Fee Related US5101089A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8967654A IT1233073B (it) 1989-08-01 1989-08-01 Macchina laser per l effettuazione di lavorazioni di taglio e saldatu ra
IT67654A/89 1989-08-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5101089A true US5101089A (en) 1992-03-31

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US07/559,054 Expired - Fee Related US5101089A (en) 1989-08-01 1990-07-30 Laser machine for cutting and welding

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US5101089A (de)
EP (1) EP0411535B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69008265T2 (de)
IT (1) IT1233073B (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19944484C1 (de) * 1999-09-16 2001-04-19 Precitec Gmbh Wechselvorrichtung für einen Linsenhalter eines Anschlusskopfs zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks mittels eines Laserstrahls
DE10056330C1 (de) * 1999-09-16 2002-03-07 Precitec Kg Wechselvorrichtung für einen Linsenhalter eines Anschlußkopfs zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks mittels eines Laserstrahls
US20050072768A1 (en) * 2003-10-01 2005-04-07 Leonid Zeygerman Laser processing installation with readily accessible cutting unit
US20100187767A1 (en) * 2007-08-01 2010-07-29 Carl Freudenberg Kg Method for the production of a sealing ring
US20100301019A1 (en) * 2009-05-28 2010-12-02 The Viking Corporation Pipe Fabrication Equipment
US20170008223A1 (en) * 2011-11-08 2017-01-12 Picosys Incorporated Room temperature glass-to-glass, glass-to-plastic and glass-to-ceramic/semiconductor bonding
US11766751B2 (en) * 2017-06-29 2023-09-26 Komatsu Industries Corporation Laser machine

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1459835B1 (de) 2003-03-15 2013-04-24 TRUMPF Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH + Co. KG Laserbearbeitungsverfahren mit einem Laserbearbeitungskopf zum Laserschneiden und zum Laserschweissen
DE50312360D1 (de) * 2003-08-09 2010-03-11 Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh Laserbearbeitungsdüsenkupplung
DE202004021568U1 (de) * 2004-10-20 2009-04-23 Robot-Technology Gmbh Roboter
EP1905530B1 (de) * 2006-09-29 2013-06-05 TRUMPF Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH + Co. KG Laserbearbeitungskopf mit einer Dichtungsanordnung
EP3693125B1 (de) * 2017-10-06 2022-02-09 Amada Holdings Co., Ltd. Laserverarbeitungsverfahren und -vorrichtung
JP6577110B2 (ja) 2017-10-06 2019-09-18 株式会社アマダホールディングス レーザ加工方法及びレーザ加工装置
DE102024126772A1 (de) * 2024-09-17 2026-03-19 Kjellberg-Stiftung, rechtsfähige Stiftung des bürgerlichen Rechts Bearbeitungskopf zur thermischen und/oder mechanischen Bearbeitung von Werkstücken, Anordnung mit demselben sowie Verfahren zum Verbinden und Trennen eines vorderen und eines hinteren Teils eines Bearbeitungskopfes

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4031351A (en) * 1972-10-25 1977-06-21 Groupement Atomique Alsacienne Atlantique High energy laser beam cutting method and apparatus
JPS5924582A (ja) * 1982-08-02 1984-02-08 Osaka Denki Kk 自動溶接機におけるガスノズル交換方法及びその装置
US4724297A (en) * 1985-05-09 1988-02-09 Aga Aktiebolag Methods in the laser cutting of metallic workpieces
US4782496A (en) * 1987-11-05 1988-11-01 United Technologies Corporation Breakaway nozzle for a laser processing machine
US4808791A (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-02-28 Fiat Auto S.P.A. Method for processing large cast iron dies, particularly for vehicle sheet-metal pressing, and the apparatus for its implementation

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3410913A1 (de) * 1984-03-24 1985-10-03 Trumpf GmbH & Co, 7257 Ditzingen Werkzeugmaschine zur mechanischen und laserstrahl-bearbeitung eines werkstuecks
US4836706A (en) * 1985-02-08 1989-06-06 Rogers Tool Works, Inc. Quick change tool holder
US4661680A (en) * 1985-06-28 1987-04-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp. End-of-arm tooling carousel apparatus for use with a robot
DE3735598A1 (de) * 1987-10-21 1989-05-11 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren und einrichtung zum automatischen wechseln von schneidduesen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4031351A (en) * 1972-10-25 1977-06-21 Groupement Atomique Alsacienne Atlantique High energy laser beam cutting method and apparatus
JPS5924582A (ja) * 1982-08-02 1984-02-08 Osaka Denki Kk 自動溶接機におけるガスノズル交換方法及びその装置
US4724297A (en) * 1985-05-09 1988-02-09 Aga Aktiebolag Methods in the laser cutting of metallic workpieces
US4808791A (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-02-28 Fiat Auto S.P.A. Method for processing large cast iron dies, particularly for vehicle sheet-metal pressing, and the apparatus for its implementation
US4782496A (en) * 1987-11-05 1988-11-01 United Technologies Corporation Breakaway nozzle for a laser processing machine

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19944484C1 (de) * 1999-09-16 2001-04-19 Precitec Gmbh Wechselvorrichtung für einen Linsenhalter eines Anschlusskopfs zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks mittels eines Laserstrahls
DE10056330C1 (de) * 1999-09-16 2002-03-07 Precitec Kg Wechselvorrichtung für einen Linsenhalter eines Anschlußkopfs zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks mittels eines Laserstrahls
US6359256B1 (en) 1999-09-16 2002-03-19 Precitec Gmbh Changing device for a laser machining tool
US20050072768A1 (en) * 2003-10-01 2005-04-07 Leonid Zeygerman Laser processing installation with readily accessible cutting unit
WO2005030436A1 (en) * 2003-10-01 2005-04-07 Trumpf, Inc. Laser processing installation with a c-shaped frame and a laser cutting unit with a rest position for servicing
US7141758B2 (en) 2003-10-01 2006-11-28 Trumpf, Inc. Laser processing installation with readily accessible cutting unit
US20100187767A1 (en) * 2007-08-01 2010-07-29 Carl Freudenberg Kg Method for the production of a sealing ring
US9816615B2 (en) * 2007-08-01 2017-11-14 Carl Freudenberg Kg Method for the production of a sealing ring
US20100301019A1 (en) * 2009-05-28 2010-12-02 The Viking Corporation Pipe Fabrication Equipment
WO2010138373A1 (en) * 2009-05-28 2010-12-02 The Viking Corporation Pipe fabrication equipment
US8373085B2 (en) 2009-05-28 2013-02-12 The Viking Corporation Pipe fabrication equipment
US20170008223A1 (en) * 2011-11-08 2017-01-12 Picosys Incorporated Room temperature glass-to-glass, glass-to-plastic and glass-to-ceramic/semiconductor bonding
US10293551B2 (en) * 2011-11-08 2019-05-21 Picosys Incorporated Room temperature glass-to-glass, glass-to-plastic and glass-to-ceramic/semiconductor bonding
US11571860B2 (en) 2011-11-08 2023-02-07 Corning Incorporated Room temperature glass-to-glass, glass-to-plastic and glass-to-ceramic/semiconductor bonding
US11766751B2 (en) * 2017-06-29 2023-09-26 Komatsu Industries Corporation Laser machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0411535B1 (de) 1994-04-20
DE69008265T2 (de) 1994-08-11
DE69008265D1 (de) 1994-05-26
IT8967654A0 (it) 1989-08-01
EP0411535A2 (de) 1991-02-06
EP0411535A3 (en) 1991-03-27
IT1233073B (it) 1992-03-14

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Owner name: PRIMA INDUSTRIE S.P.A., ITALY

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Effective date: 19900724

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