US4894590A - Spiral single starting electrode for HID lamps - Google Patents

Spiral single starting electrode for HID lamps Download PDF

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Publication number
US4894590A
US4894590A US07/226,584 US22658488A US4894590A US 4894590 A US4894590 A US 4894590A US 22658488 A US22658488 A US 22658488A US 4894590 A US4894590 A US 4894590A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
arc tube
starting electrode
discharge
starting
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US07/226,584
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English (en)
Inventor
Harald L. Witting
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US07/226,584 priority Critical patent/US4894590A/en
Assigned to GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A NY CORP. reassignment GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A NY CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: WITTING, HARALD L.
Priority to DE3923807A priority patent/DE3923807C2/de
Priority to FR8909758A priority patent/FR2636168B1/fr
Priority to JP1191609A priority patent/JPH0286050A/ja
Priority to NL8901954A priority patent/NL8901954A/nl
Priority to GB8917365A priority patent/GB2221569B/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4894590A publication Critical patent/US4894590A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
    • H01J65/04—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels
    • H01J65/042—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field
    • H01J65/048—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field the field being produced by using an excitation coil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electrodeless high-intensity-discharge (HID) lamps and, more particularly, to a novel conical-spiral single electrode for initiating a plasma discharge within the arc space of the electrodeless HID lamp.
  • HID high-intensity-discharge
  • the induction arc plasma depends upon a solenoidal, divergence-free electric field for its maintenance; the field is created by the changing magnetic field of an excitation coil, which is typically in the form of a solenoid. It is necessary to develop a very high electric field gradient across the arc tube to start the plasma discharge; it is difficult to develop a sufficiently high electric field gradient, especially in the associated excitation coil, because the coil current may be prohibitively high, even if it is to be provided only on a pulse basis. Further, providing a very high electric field gradient may be impossible because the necessary field-per-turn of the excitation coil may exceed the turn-to-turn electrical breakdown rating of that coil.
  • an electrodeless high-intensity-discharge lamp having an arc tube situated within the bore of an excitation coil and in the interior of which arc tube is to be provided a plasma arc discharge driven by the excitation coil, is provided with a single conical-spiral-shaped starting electrode having its narrower end disposed adjacent to, or on, an associated arc tube surface, and having its wider end positioned such that the RF flux generated by the excitation coil cuts the turns of the spiral electrode to generate a high-voltage signal and causes an electric field to be produced within the arc tube, near the end of the spiral electrode, with magnitude and position sufficient to cause the material within the lamp to create a glow discharge in the arc tube, due to the arc tube wall capacitance.
  • the glow discharge creates enough ionization in a suitable location so that a rapid transition to a high-current solenoidal discharge will occur and form the discharge plasma responsive to the normal field provided by the excitation coil.
  • the axis of the single spiral starting electrode is substantially aligned with the tube axis.
  • Means such as a bimetallic strip, for moving the starting electrode away from the discharge tube, responsive to receipt of a stimulus, such as thermal energy released from the tube, can be utilized to extend the discharge tube useful life.
  • the single FIGURE is a prospective view of an arc tube and excitation coil of a HID lamp and of one presently preferred embodiment of spiral starting electrode in accordance with the present invention.
  • an induction, or electrodeless, high-intensity-discharge (HID) lamp 10 comprises an arc tube, or envelope, 11 having a substantially cylindrical shape, enclosing a substantially gaseous material 12 including a starting gas, such as argon, xenon, krypton and the like, and a metal halide, such as sodium iodide, cerium iodide and the like.
  • a substantially toroidal arc discharge 14 is to be generated and then maintained within envelope 11 by an electric field generated by an excitation coil 16, responsive to a radio-frequency (RF) signal applied between the opposite coil ends 16a and 16b by a RF generator means 18.
  • Envelope 11 is positioned with its axis 11c generally along the axis of coil 16.
  • a starting electrode 20 is provided as a generally conically-spiral-shaped conductive member located adjacent to the exterior of one of the top or bottom surfaces of the arc tube; illustratively, single starting electrode 20 is shown adjacent to upper arc tube surface 11a, and with a narrower electrode end 20a closely adjacent to, or even touching, a point 11b on that upper surface 11a.
  • the spiral electrode 20 has an axis 20c extending substantially perpendicular to the adjacent surface, and thus generally parallel to the substantially-mutual axis 11c of envelope 11 and coil 16.
  • An opposite, wider end 20b of the single spiral electrode is electrically connected to some portion of the coil 16, as at coil end 16a, and is mechanically supported and held in position by a conductive support means 22. That is, a radial extension 20b' of the spiral electrode is held in an aperture 22a of the support means 22, which has a second aperture 22b through which an adjacent coil end 16a extends, to hold the starting aid above arc tube 11.
  • the magnetic flux M, generated by the RF current in coil 16 cuts across the conductor of starting electrode 20 and, by induction, causes a high voltage to be applied from starting electrode 20 across the arc tube 11, forming a low-current glow discharge region 24 as current flows through the arc tube and back to the excitation coil.
  • the glow discharge volume 24 generates enough ionization, in a very favorable location with respect to the desired discharge plasma toroid 14, so that transition to the high-current plasma arc discharge rapidly occurs. Even more favorable glow discharge is provided by forming an arcuate extension 20e from the narrower spiral end 20a.
  • the extension 20e lies in a plane parallel to, and typically abutting, the upper tube surface 11a and generally follows the centerline of torus 14 over at least one-quarter of a circle but less than a full circle.
  • the spiral starting electrode 20 is not physically connected to a separate power supply, but is inductively coupled to the excitation coil 16 for formation of the high voltage starting signal; a second starting electrode is not needed.
  • the starting electrode need be positioned near arc tube 11 only during the starting process. It will also be seen that a stationary spiral single starting electrode 20 has several disadvantages: being in close proximity to arc tube 11, starting electrode 20 interferes with temperature control of the arc tube and blocks light emission therefrom; and may cause early lamp degradation due to ion bombardment of arc tube 11 from the continuous current flowing even during normal lamp operation. To alleviate the foregoing disadvantages, the presently preferred embodiment utilizes a moveable starting electrode 20. Thus, the start-aiding electrode is removed from the vicinity of arc tube 11 after the lamp has started, so that the starting aid does not: substantially block light emission; interfere with the thermal balance of arc tube 11; or contribute to lamp degradation.
  • the support means 22 includes a conductive portion 22c, which is attached to a means 22d for bending the support member to a position shown by broken line member 22', which moves electrode 20 away from arc tube 11 once the plasma arc discharge 14 has begun.
  • Means 22d can be a heat-sensitive, e.g. bimetallic, strip so formed as to be suitable straight at normal ambient temperatures, to cause starting electrode end 20a to lie adjacent to the lamp envelope upper surface location 11b.
  • Means 22 is conductive and forms a return path for current flow from spiral electrode 20 to the lowest circuit potential, e.g. one of coil ends 16a or 16b, as shown by a common potential (ground symbol in broken line) at either (but not both) ends, or at any other desired potential.
  • the glow discharge region 24 will thus be formed (as a spot or arcuate line, dependent upon whether extension 20e is used) when the coil 16 is initially energized, and will aid in starting the arc plasma discharge torus 14 within the envelope. Responsive to heat energy emitted from the operating lamp, the bimetallic strip 22d undergoes differential expansion and changes the curvature thereof, so that the now-curved strip 22' moves starting electrode 20 away from the arc tube. It will be understood that when the lamp is turned off, bimetallic member 22d cools down and returns to the starting position.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US07/226,584 1988-08-01 1988-08-01 Spiral single starting electrode for HID lamps Expired - Fee Related US4894590A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/226,584 US4894590A (en) 1988-08-01 1988-08-01 Spiral single starting electrode for HID lamps
DE3923807A DE3923807C2 (de) 1988-08-01 1989-07-19 Elektrodenlose Entladungslampe hoher Intensität
FR8909758A FR2636168B1 (fr) 1988-08-01 1989-07-20 Electrode d'amorcage en spirale pour lampes a decharge de haute intensite
JP1191609A JPH0286050A (ja) 1988-08-01 1989-07-26 高光度放電ランプ用の単一のら旋形始動電極
NL8901954A NL8901954A (nl) 1988-08-01 1989-07-27 Spiraalvormige enkele startelektrode voor hid-lampen.
GB8917365A GB2221569B (en) 1988-08-01 1989-07-28 Starting electrode for hid lamps

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/226,584 US4894590A (en) 1988-08-01 1988-08-01 Spiral single starting electrode for HID lamps

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4894590A true US4894590A (en) 1990-01-16

Family

ID=22849504

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US07/226,584 Expired - Fee Related US4894590A (en) 1988-08-01 1988-08-01 Spiral single starting electrode for HID lamps

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4894590A (de)
JP (1) JPH0286050A (de)
DE (1) DE3923807C2 (de)
FR (1) FR2636168B1 (de)
GB (1) GB2221569B (de)
NL (1) NL8901954A (de)

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4982140A (en) * 1989-10-05 1991-01-01 General Electric Company Starting aid for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5047693A (en) * 1990-05-23 1991-09-10 General Electric Company Starting aid for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5057750A (en) * 1990-12-04 1991-10-15 General Electric Company Two-stage resonant starting circuit for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5059868A (en) * 1990-05-23 1991-10-22 General Electric Company Starting circuit for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
EP0458544A2 (de) * 1990-05-23 1991-11-27 General Electric Company Starthilfe für eine elektrodenlose Starkentladungslampe
US5075600A (en) * 1990-06-07 1991-12-24 General Electric Company Piezoelectrically actuated variable capacitor
US5095249A (en) * 1990-12-04 1992-03-10 General Electric Company Gas probe starter for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5103140A (en) * 1990-12-04 1992-04-07 General Electric Company Starting circuit for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5107185A (en) * 1990-06-24 1992-04-21 General Electric Company Shielded starting coil for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5118996A (en) * 1991-06-24 1992-06-02 General Electric Company Starting circuit for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5248918A (en) * 1990-12-04 1993-09-28 General Electric Company Starting aid for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5280154A (en) * 1992-01-30 1994-01-18 International Business Machines Corporation Radio frequency induction plasma processing system utilizing a uniform field coil
US5306986A (en) * 1992-05-20 1994-04-26 Diablo Research Corporation Zero-voltage complementary switching high efficiency class D amplifier
US5367226A (en) * 1991-08-14 1994-11-22 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Electrodeless discharge lamp having a concave recess and foil electrode formed therein
US5387850A (en) * 1992-06-05 1995-02-07 Diablo Research Corporation Electrodeless discharge lamp containing push-pull class E amplifier
US5397966A (en) * 1992-05-20 1995-03-14 Diablo Research Corporation Radio frequency interference reduction arrangements for electrodeless discharge lamps
EP0698914A1 (de) 1992-12-15 1996-02-28 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Elektrodenlose Entladungslampe
US5525871A (en) * 1992-06-05 1996-06-11 Diablo Research Corporation Electrodeless discharge lamp containing push-pull class E amplifier and bifilar coil
US5541482A (en) * 1992-05-20 1996-07-30 Diablo Research Corporation Electrodeless discharge lamp including impedance matching and filter network
US5581157A (en) * 1992-05-20 1996-12-03 Diablo Research Corporation Discharge lamps and methods for making discharge lamps
US5760547A (en) * 1996-09-04 1998-06-02 General Electric Company Multiple-discharge electrodeless fluorescent lamp
US5886478A (en) * 1997-11-13 1999-03-23 Northrop Grumman Corporation Integral igniter for electrodeless lamps
US6137237A (en) * 1998-01-13 2000-10-24 Fusion Lighting, Inc. High frequency inductive lamp and power oscillator
US6313587B1 (en) 1998-01-13 2001-11-06 Fusion Lighting, Inc. High frequency inductive lamp and power oscillator
US20130113462A1 (en) * 2010-07-08 2013-05-09 Konstantin G. Korotkov Device for Measuring Electromagnetic Field Intensity

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4812702A (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-03-14 General Electric Company Excitation coil for hid electrodeless discharge lamp

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US1930097A (en) * 1930-04-04 1933-10-10 Gen Electric Electric discharge tube for emitting rays
US3872340A (en) * 1974-05-28 1975-03-18 Gen Electric High temperature lamp starting aid
US4037129A (en) * 1976-03-10 1977-07-19 Gte Sylvania Incorporated High pressure sodium vapor lamp having low starting voltage
US4253047A (en) * 1977-05-23 1981-02-24 General Electric Company Starting electrodes for solenoidal electric field discharge lamps
US4298828A (en) * 1979-02-21 1981-11-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp. High frequency electrodeless lamp having a gapped magnetic core and method
NL7901897A (nl) * 1979-03-09 1980-09-11 Philips Nv Elektrodeloze gasontladingslamp.
US4633135A (en) * 1980-12-29 1986-12-30 General Electric Company Starting aid for high pressure sodium vapor lamp
US4783615A (en) * 1985-06-26 1988-11-08 General Electric Company Electrodeless high pressure sodium iodide arc lamp
JPH0646599B2 (ja) * 1985-10-21 1994-06-15 松下電工株式会社 無電極放電灯装置
DE3617110A1 (de) * 1986-05-21 1987-11-26 Leybold Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg Lampe fuer die erzeugung von gas-resonanzstrahlungen
DE3918839A1 (de) * 1988-06-20 1989-12-21 Gen Electric Entladungslampe hoher intensitaet
US4902937A (en) * 1988-07-28 1990-02-20 General Electric Company Capacitive starting electrodes for hid lamps

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4812702A (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-03-14 General Electric Company Excitation coil for hid electrodeless discharge lamp

Cited By (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4982140A (en) * 1989-10-05 1991-01-01 General Electric Company Starting aid for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
EP0458545A3 (en) * 1990-05-23 1993-03-17 General Electric Company A starting aid for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
AU637216B2 (en) * 1990-05-23 1993-05-20 General Electric Company Starting aid for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5059868A (en) * 1990-05-23 1991-10-22 General Electric Company Starting circuit for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
EP0458545A2 (de) * 1990-05-23 1991-11-27 General Electric Company Starthilfe für elektrodenlose Hochleistungsentladungslampe
EP0458544A2 (de) * 1990-05-23 1991-11-27 General Electric Company Starthilfe für eine elektrodenlose Starkentladungslampe
US5084654A (en) * 1990-05-23 1992-01-28 General Electric Company Starting aid for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
EP0458544A3 (en) * 1990-05-23 1992-05-27 General Electric Company A starting aid for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5047693A (en) * 1990-05-23 1991-09-10 General Electric Company Starting aid for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
AU637215B2 (en) * 1990-05-23 1993-05-20 General Electric Company A starting aid for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5075600A (en) * 1990-06-07 1991-12-24 General Electric Company Piezoelectrically actuated variable capacitor
US5107185A (en) * 1990-06-24 1992-04-21 General Electric Company Shielded starting coil for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5248918A (en) * 1990-12-04 1993-09-28 General Electric Company Starting aid for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
DE4139336A1 (de) * 1990-12-04 1992-06-11 Gen Electric Zweistufen-resonanzstarterschaltung fuer eine elektrodenlose hochintensitaets-entladungslampe
DE4139334A1 (de) * 1990-12-04 1992-06-11 Gen Electric Starterschaltung fuer eine elektrodenlose hochintensitaets-entladungslampe
US5095249A (en) * 1990-12-04 1992-03-10 General Electric Company Gas probe starter for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5057750A (en) * 1990-12-04 1991-10-15 General Electric Company Two-stage resonant starting circuit for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5103140A (en) * 1990-12-04 1992-04-07 General Electric Company Starting circuit for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5118996A (en) * 1991-06-24 1992-06-02 General Electric Company Starting circuit for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5367226A (en) * 1991-08-14 1994-11-22 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Electrodeless discharge lamp having a concave recess and foil electrode formed therein
US5280154A (en) * 1992-01-30 1994-01-18 International Business Machines Corporation Radio frequency induction plasma processing system utilizing a uniform field coil
US5306986A (en) * 1992-05-20 1994-04-26 Diablo Research Corporation Zero-voltage complementary switching high efficiency class D amplifier
US6124679A (en) * 1992-05-20 2000-09-26 Cadence Design Systems, Inc. Discharge lamps and methods for making discharge lamps
US5397966A (en) * 1992-05-20 1995-03-14 Diablo Research Corporation Radio frequency interference reduction arrangements for electrodeless discharge lamps
US5905344A (en) * 1992-05-20 1999-05-18 Diablo Research Corporation Discharge lamps and methods for making discharge lamps
US5581157A (en) * 1992-05-20 1996-12-03 Diablo Research Corporation Discharge lamps and methods for making discharge lamps
US5541482A (en) * 1992-05-20 1996-07-30 Diablo Research Corporation Electrodeless discharge lamp including impedance matching and filter network
US5525871A (en) * 1992-06-05 1996-06-11 Diablo Research Corporation Electrodeless discharge lamp containing push-pull class E amplifier and bifilar coil
US5387850A (en) * 1992-06-05 1995-02-07 Diablo Research Corporation Electrodeless discharge lamp containing push-pull class E amplifier
US5519285A (en) * 1992-12-15 1996-05-21 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Electrodeless discharge lamp
EP0698914A1 (de) 1992-12-15 1996-02-28 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Elektrodenlose Entladungslampe
US5760547A (en) * 1996-09-04 1998-06-02 General Electric Company Multiple-discharge electrodeless fluorescent lamp
US5886478A (en) * 1997-11-13 1999-03-23 Northrop Grumman Corporation Integral igniter for electrodeless lamps
US6252346B1 (en) 1998-01-13 2001-06-26 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Metal matrix composite integrated lamp head
US6225756B1 (en) 1998-01-13 2001-05-01 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Power oscillator
US6137237A (en) * 1998-01-13 2000-10-24 Fusion Lighting, Inc. High frequency inductive lamp and power oscillator
US6310443B1 (en) 1998-01-13 2001-10-30 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Jacketed lamp bulb envelope
US6313587B1 (en) 1998-01-13 2001-11-06 Fusion Lighting, Inc. High frequency inductive lamp and power oscillator
US6326739B1 (en) 1998-01-13 2001-12-04 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Wedding ring shaped excitation coil
US20020167282A1 (en) * 1998-01-13 2002-11-14 Kirkpatrick Douglas A. High frequency inductive lamp and power oscillator
US6949887B2 (en) 1998-01-13 2005-09-27 Intel Corporation High frequency inductive lamp and power oscillator
US20130113462A1 (en) * 2010-07-08 2013-05-09 Konstantin G. Korotkov Device for Measuring Electromagnetic Field Intensity
US9075093B2 (en) * 2010-07-08 2015-07-07 Konstantin G. Korotkov Device for measuring electromagnetic field intensity

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0286050A (ja) 1990-03-27
GB2221569A (en) 1990-02-07
FR2636168B1 (fr) 1993-12-24
NL8901954A (nl) 1990-03-01
GB8917365D0 (en) 1989-09-13
GB2221569B (en) 1992-12-16
DE3923807A1 (de) 1990-02-08
DE3923807C2 (de) 1994-03-10
FR2636168A1 (fr) 1990-03-09

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Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A NY CORP.

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Effective date: 19930116

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Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362