US4874641A - Method of providing a barrier between a substrate and the atmosphere and compositions therefor - Google Patents

Method of providing a barrier between a substrate and the atmosphere and compositions therefor Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US4874641A
US4874641A US07/124,890 US12489087A US4874641A US 4874641 A US4874641 A US 4874641A US 12489087 A US12489087 A US 12489087A US 4874641 A US4874641 A US 4874641A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
carbon atoms
foam
substrate
composition
potassium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US07/124,890
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul A. Kittle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RUSMAR INCORPORATED 800 EAST VIRGINIA AVENUE WEST CHESTER PA 19380 A CORP OF
Rusmar Inc
Original Assignee
Rusmar Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rusmar Inc filed Critical Rusmar Inc
Priority to US07/124,890 priority Critical patent/US4874641A/en
Assigned to RUSMAR INCORPORATED, 800 EAST VIRGINIA AVENUE, WEST CHESTER, PA 19380, A CORP. OF PA reassignment RUSMAR INCORPORATED, 800 EAST VIRGINIA AVENUE, WEST CHESTER, PA 19380, A CORP. OF PA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: KITTLE, PAUL A.
Priority to CA000583890A priority patent/CA1299055C/fr
Priority to AU51652/90A priority patent/AU625843B2/en
Priority to JP50400290A priority patent/JP2926269B2/ja
Priority to EP19900903995 priority patent/EP0446307B1/fr
Priority to DE68917477T priority patent/DE68917477T2/de
Priority to PCT/US1989/004101 priority patent/WO1991004105A1/fr
Publication of US4874641A publication Critical patent/US4874641A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
    • B08B17/02—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
    • B09B1/004—Covering of dumping sites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C09K17/48—Organic compounds mixed with inorganic active ingredients, e.g. polymerisation catalysts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/30—Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel method of providing a barrier between a substrate, like the layer of waste deposited in a landfill, and the atmosphere and to compositions especially adapted therefor.
  • Such a barrier layer might serve to protect the atmosphere from deleterious materials which would escape from the substrate, such as odors and blowing trash from landfills, dust or noxious fumes from spills, and the like.
  • Such a barrier layer might also be used to protect a substrate from adverse conditions in the atmosphere, as in protecting growing fruit, vegetables and plants from unseasonal frost.
  • One principal advantage of using foam instead of the conventional dirt cover resides in the elimination of the expense of placing and compacting the earth which require significant labor and heavy equipment. Another advantage is the elimination of multiple, daily, layers of earth fill which occupy significant volume of the landfill.
  • the method of the present invention for providing a barrier between a substrate and the atmosphere comprises applying to the substrate a foam prepared from an aqueous composition comprising, in an approximately 1:1 molar ratio, (A) an anionic surface active sulfate having the formula ##STR1## where --OR is an alkoxy, alkylenoxy or alkaryloxy group having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkyl polyether group ##STR2## in which R' is an alkyl group containing from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, R" is H or an alkyl group containing up to 4 carbon atoms,preferably H or CH 3 , and n is an integer from 1 to 12, preferably from 3 to 6, or a sulfonate having the formula ##STR3## where R 1 is an alkyl, alkylene or alkaryl group containing from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and where M is a monovalent cation, and (B) a carboxylic acid salt, R 2 COOM 1 , where R 2 is an
  • foam prepared as described above has a surprising long life as compared to aqueous foams in general, and possesses a stiffness much like cotton candy and does not cold flow or relax. Thus, it can be applied to an irregular, rough or sloping surface, such as a landfill, where, barring extremely harsh weather, it will retain its integrity and continuity until the next day or longer.
  • foam can be applied to an irregular, rough or sloping surface, such as a landfill, where, barring extremely harsh weather, it will retain its integrity and continuity until the next day or longer.
  • foam stabilizers There appears to be a synergism between the two main components in the proportion stated that provides a stability to the resulting foam in the out-doors on irregular surfaces and under widely varying temperature conditions far in excess of that to be expected from foams prepared from either one alone or in combination with other
  • R, R' and R 1 are relatively large groups containing 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • alkyl groups for R, R' and R 1 are lauryl, myristyl, palmityl and stearyl.
  • alkylene groups for OR and for R 1 are C 10 -C 16 alpha olefins.
  • alkaryl groups for OR and R 1 are decylbenzene, dodecylbenzene and propylnapthalene.
  • alkyl polyether groups are ##STR4## and those derived from commercial homolog mixtures wherein, for example, R' may be mixtures of C 10 and C 12 or C 12 and C 14 alkyl groups and n may be various integers within the stated ranges.
  • Preferred --OR groups are alkylenoxy groups, especially alpha olefins containing from 10 to 14 carbon atoms, and alkylbenzyloxy in which the alkyl group contains from 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
  • R 2 is preferably a straight chain alkyl group, and more preferably one having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • alkyl groups for R 2 are pelargonyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl and the like.
  • M and M 1 are monovalent cations providing water solubility, such as the alkali metals, especially sodium, potassium or lithium; ammonium or substituted ammonium. Sodium, potassium and ammonium are preferred for M, and potassium and ammonium are preferred for M 1 . In this connection a sodium ⁇ -olefin sulfonate and potassium stearate provide an especially preferred combination.
  • the mixture is prepared simply by bringing together the anionic surface active sulfate or sulfonate and the carboxylic acid salt in water.
  • One or more of the components may be formed in situ.
  • the carboxylic acid salt may be formed in situ by adding the carboxylic acid and the desired base. Heating may be required to achieve solution conveniently.
  • the pH of the composition should be neutral to mildly alkaline, with a pH between about 7.5 and about 8.5 being preferred. While combinations of sulfonate and sulfate may be employed, it is preferred to use one or the other.
  • the concentration of the combination in the water may range widely from as low as about 1%, by weight, up to about 30%, by weight. However, from the standpoint of storage and transportation, a concentrate is preferable to avoid handling larger amounts of water. The concentrate can then be diluted with water at the site of use. At the time of foam production the concentration of the combined foaming agents, A and B, is preferably between about 1 and about 3%, by weight.
  • the liquid composition may be pumped at, for example, 400 to 500 PSIG, through a flow controlling orifice at a pre-determined flow rate. Downstream of the liquid flow control orifice, air is injected and mixed with the liquid stream. This may be achieved by using an air orifice to control the flow in the same manner as the liquid side of the system. An air compressor generates a regulated air pressure. After the two streams are combined, the mixture passes through an exit, such as the end of a hose which may or may not have a distribution nozzle attached. The foam can then be distributed over the area to be covered, as by manually directing the hose nozzle. Similarly, the output may be directed into a multiported manifold for distribution.
  • This manifold depending upon its size and the flow rate of foam may be used to distribute the foam either manually or mechanically via attachment to a suitable vehicle.
  • This vehicle may be towed or it may be self-propelled, and may be completely self-contained in that it may have the liquid storage tank, air compressor, pumping systems, distribution system, and drive mechanism all in one integrated unit.
  • the foam may be applied under widely varying atmospheric temperature conditions including freezing. At atmospheric temperatures at or below freezing the foam surface simply freezes.
  • the degree of hardness of the water used to produce foam according to the present method can have an effect on the life of the resulting foam. Accordingly, in situations where the degree of hardness of the water available for preparing the composition in concentrate form or at the site may have a deleterious effect on the desired foam, a water hardness control agent may be incorporated in the composition to bind the calcium and/or magnesium present in the water.
  • suitable hardness control agents are ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, sodium and potassium tripolyphosphate and polyacrylates.
  • the amount of hardness control agent used will be dictated, as is well known, by the degree of hardness of the particular water available and the extent it is desired to diminish that degree of hardness. Potassium tripolyphosplate is a preferred hardness control agent.
  • the foam produced according to the present method without anything used other than the sulfate or sulfonate A and carboxylic acid salt B, will be white in appearance. This may be objectionable in certain locales. In such situations it has been found that the incorporation of a small amount of carbon black in the composition will convert the appearance of the foam to an off white, light gray, medium gray or dark gray appearance, depending upon the amount of carbon black employed.
  • the amount of carbon black employed may range from about 0.01% to about 2% based on the composition at the diluted concentration to be converted to foam.
  • a thickener/dispersant may be incorporated in the composition to be converted into foam, and an example of suitable thickener/dispersants are polymeric acrylates sold as thickener/disperants, like Acrysol ICS-1 and Acrysol A-3 of Rohm & Haas Company.
  • potassium hydroxide a commercial grade containing principally 16 and 18 carbon atoms
  • sodium ⁇ -olefin sulfonate a commercial grade containing principally 10 and 12 carbon atoms
  • This composition has an equilibrium viscosity of approximately 1200 cps. at 25° C.
  • the viscosity of the foaming composition can vary with time and temperature. To reproduce similar viscosity readings with two samples of the same composition they should have been at rest for about 300 minutes at the same temperature.
  • Variations of this composition can be made at more concentrated levels by doubling (2X) or tripling (3X) the three principal reactants.
  • Each composition may be used as such in the production of foam or each may be diluted with water, at the time of foam production, down to the extent equivalent to about 10:1 for the composition shown in the above table.
  • composition set forth in Table I may be used as such to produce foam for a two or three day coverage of, for example, a landfill, whereas the same composition may be diluted 8:1 for a shorter term truck transport odor control foam application.
  • the composition of Table I was tested for 25% drain time as follows: the composition was converted to foam at the rate of one gallon of composition/minute with air pressure equal to 70-80 psig. at the mixing chamber. A 1/2" ID x 20' foam hose without nozzle was used. After foam generation has been started and stabilized, the foam was sprayed directly into a tank having a conical bottom. Foam was collected for 60 seconds, and assumed to be equivalent to 3785 grams (one gallon). A small fluid outlet at the bottom allowed the "drained" foam to exit. The drainage liquid was collected and weighted as a function of time. The weight of drainage liquid in grams at any time divided by 3785 yielded the fractional drainage. Multiplying by 100 converted this number to percent drainage. For sake of uniformity throughout the Examples, the time, in minutes, for 25% drainage is recorded.
  • the 25% drain time for the composition of this example is 1000 minutes at 25° C.
  • compositions and foams therefrom are provided from the following materials in % by weight, following the procedure of Example I.
  • compositions have characteristics which, from some standpoints, make them less desirable than compositions using the potassium carboxylate; for example, the sodium carboxylate system is less soluble presenting problems with concentrates, and the ammonium carboxylate system has an odor (of ammonia) that might be objectionable in some situations.
  • Example II Following the procedure of Example I the following compositions are prepared and converted to foams. In all cases the percentages are by weight on the basis of 100% active material, and the stearate is given as the resulting potassium salt form although prepared by mixing stearic acid with potassium hydroxide as in Example I.
  • compositions (% by weight) are prepared and foamed using sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate as follows:
  • compositions were prepared using single surfactants:
  • composition of Table I (diluted 2:1) is foamed and the foam is applied to the top of sewage sludge (13-15% solids) held in a barge 28' ⁇ 160'.
  • the foam layer is approximately 4" thick. A portion of the sludge was left uncovered for comparison purposes.
  • the odor was evaluated using a portable combustible gas analyzer. The probe of this device was held just above the sludge or foam covering. The reduction in odor (in terms of combustible gases) was found to be 80-90%.
  • a large (100' diameter by 13' deep) open top concrete tank used for holding waste polymer by-products was scheduled to be cleaned and the contents transported to and deposited in a hazardous waste landfill. The same operation previously had generated many odor complaints, especially during transportation.
  • the compacted working face of a sanitary landfill instead of being covered with dirt, was covered with about 3 inches of foam prepared from the composition of Table I diluted with water 5:1.
  • the landfill had a slope generally of about 4 to 1, and a rough, irregular surface resulting from normal landfill operations using heavy earthmoving equipment.
  • wet foam acts as a trap for blowing trash, like paper, which adheres to it and can thus be buried during the next operation.
  • the foam covers water, as in puddles and pools, and mud as well as relatively dry material, and can be applied immediately after rain.
  • Carbon black in the amount of 2% is mixed with the composition of Table I and the product diluted with water 5:1.
  • the material is foamed and applied to the working face of a sanitary landfill as in the preceding example.
  • the resulting foam layer is dark gray in appearance and is not as noticeable as the otherwise white foam produced by the composition without the carbon black.
  • compositions were prepared as follows in terms of %, by weight:

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Protection Of Plants (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
US07/124,890 1987-11-24 1987-11-24 Method of providing a barrier between a substrate and the atmosphere and compositions therefor Expired - Lifetime US4874641A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/124,890 US4874641A (en) 1987-11-24 1987-11-24 Method of providing a barrier between a substrate and the atmosphere and compositions therefor
CA000583890A CA1299055C (fr) 1987-11-24 1988-11-23 Methode de formation d'une barriere entre un substrat et l'atmosphere, et composition connexe
EP19900903995 EP0446307B1 (fr) 1987-11-24 1989-09-19 Procede menageant une barriere entre un substrat et l'atmosphere
JP50400290A JP2926269B2 (ja) 1987-11-24 1989-09-19 基質と大気の間にバリヤを形成する方法
AU51652/90A AU625843B2 (en) 1987-11-24 1989-09-19 Method of providing a barrier between a substrate and the atmosphere and compositions therefor
DE68917477T DE68917477T2 (de) 1987-11-24 1989-09-19 Verfahren zur schaffung einer grenzschicht zwischen substrat und atmosphäre.
PCT/US1989/004101 WO1991004105A1 (fr) 1987-11-24 1989-09-19 Procede menageant une barriere entre un substrat et l'atmosphere

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/124,890 US4874641A (en) 1987-11-24 1987-11-24 Method of providing a barrier between a substrate and the atmosphere and compositions therefor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4874641A true US4874641A (en) 1989-10-17

Family

ID=22417293

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US07/124,890 Expired - Lifetime US4874641A (en) 1987-11-24 1987-11-24 Method of providing a barrier between a substrate and the atmosphere and compositions therefor

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4874641A (fr)
EP (1) EP0446307B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2926269B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU625843B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1299055C (fr)
DE (1) DE68917477T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991004105A1 (fr)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4990373A (en) * 1989-09-29 1991-02-05 Rusmar Incorporated Membrane-forming foam composition and method
WO1991004786A1 (fr) * 1989-09-29 1991-04-18 Rusmar Incorporated Methode pour realiser une barriere de mousse entre un substrat et l'atmosphere et compositions pour ce faire, et procede pour melanger avec de l'eau des compositions visqueuses formant de la mousse sans faire mousser le melange
US5011330A (en) * 1990-08-08 1991-04-30 Rusmar Incorporated Foam distribution apparatus
US5079036A (en) * 1990-07-27 1992-01-07 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Method of inhibiting freezing and improving flow and handleability characteristics of solid, particulate materials
EP0476469A2 (fr) * 1990-09-18 1992-03-25 Chubb National Foam Inc. Méthode d'application d'une mousse biodégradable à base de protéine sur un substrat
US5169560A (en) * 1990-09-17 1992-12-08 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Control of foam in hydrocarbon fluids
WO1993003797A1 (fr) * 1991-08-20 1993-03-04 Rusmar Incorporated Composition destinee a produire une barriere de mousse entre un substrat et l'atmosphere, et procede d'utilisation
JPH05214156A (ja) * 1991-10-15 1993-08-24 Merck & Co Inc ゲル化発泡体
US5482733A (en) * 1993-08-02 1996-01-09 Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. Method for controlling and/or eliminating harmful lawn grass insects using non-pollutive substance
US5549869A (en) * 1995-04-12 1996-08-27 Nippon Eisei Center Co., Ltd. Method of creating a barrier to wood materials and wooden structures from attack by humidity, fungi and insects
US5804641A (en) * 1995-04-12 1998-09-08 Nippon Eisei Center Co., Ltd. Foamable composition for creating a barrier to prevent attack of humidity, fungi and insects
US5853050A (en) * 1997-05-07 1998-12-29 Rusmar Incorporated Composition and method for generating a foam barrier and methods of use thereof
US5902597A (en) * 1995-03-27 1999-05-11 Nippon Eisei Center Co., Ltd Under floor insect control method for residential structures
US6369122B1 (en) 2000-06-14 2002-04-09 Rhodia Inc. Agricultural foam marker compositions and use thereof
US6376566B1 (en) 2000-06-14 2002-04-23 Rhodia Inc. Agricultural foam marker compositions and use thereof
US20020108238A1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2002-08-15 Kazuya Ohta Semiconductor device mounting jig
US20030032203A1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2003-02-13 Sabatini David M. Small molecule microarrays
US20050163571A1 (en) * 2003-01-16 2005-07-28 Kittle Paul A. Gas recovery from landfills using aqueous foam
US7022651B1 (en) 1997-08-06 2006-04-04 Lightcap Jr Donald V Composition, method, and apparatus for protecting plants from injury caused by frost or freezing temperatures
US20080255255A1 (en) * 2007-04-13 2008-10-16 Rusmar Incorporated Foam composition
US20090033140A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Pile James D Use Of Foam To Increase Resistance To Gas Flow In Mine Applications And Apparatus For Delivering Same
US20110048085A1 (en) * 2009-09-02 2011-03-03 Mr. H Keith Otsuki Temporary slurry sprayed permeable cover design for erosion protection and passive biofiltration of methane, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odors from area sources.
US9044796B1 (en) * 2013-03-13 2015-06-02 Tda Research, Inc. Method of encapsulating waste
US9228435B2 (en) 2013-10-24 2016-01-05 Rusmar Incorporated Method and apparatus for applying rock dust to a mine wall
US9551126B1 (en) * 2014-02-12 2017-01-24 Moretrench American Corporation Methods of inhibiting subterranean groundwater flow through an opening in frozen soil
US10071269B2 (en) 2012-01-12 2018-09-11 Rusmar Incorporated Method and apparatus for applying rock dust to a mine wall

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AUPM294993A0 (en) * 1993-12-13 1994-01-13 HADDON, Bruce Alexander A deodorizer

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2167180A (en) * 1936-09-26 1939-07-25 Rit Products Corp Brushless shaving cream
US2748078A (en) * 1953-01-15 1956-05-29 Nat Foam System Inc Fire extinguishing foam-forming composition
US2945322A (en) * 1956-12-21 1960-07-19 Basf Ag Protection of soil in agricultural cultivation
US4421788A (en) * 1982-02-22 1983-12-20 Sanifoam, Inc. Method and apparatus for coating a substrate with foamed plastic
US4519338A (en) * 1983-10-20 1985-05-28 Sanifoam, Inc. Apparatus and method for applying a foam layer to cover and seal dumped waste

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2035845C3 (de) * 1970-07-18 1982-03-25 Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf Schaumgedämpfte Waschmittel
US3826749A (en) * 1972-01-24 1974-07-30 Colgate Palmolive Co Detergent composition
EP0070074B2 (fr) * 1981-07-13 1997-06-25 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY Compositions moussantes contenant des agents tensio-actifs
DE3230259A1 (de) * 1982-08-14 1984-02-16 Hoechst Ag Verfahren zur unterdrueckung der bildung von nebeln
AU609009B2 (en) * 1989-06-01 1991-04-18 Pabco Products Pty Limited Encapsulating process and agent

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2167180A (en) * 1936-09-26 1939-07-25 Rit Products Corp Brushless shaving cream
US2748078A (en) * 1953-01-15 1956-05-29 Nat Foam System Inc Fire extinguishing foam-forming composition
US2945322A (en) * 1956-12-21 1960-07-19 Basf Ag Protection of soil in agricultural cultivation
US4421788A (en) * 1982-02-22 1983-12-20 Sanifoam, Inc. Method and apparatus for coating a substrate with foamed plastic
US4519338A (en) * 1983-10-20 1985-05-28 Sanifoam, Inc. Apparatus and method for applying a foam layer to cover and seal dumped waste

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Chem. Abs., vol. 51:10928h, "Properties of Solutions of Mixtures of Alkylbenzene Sulfonate and Soap", Nevolin et al., 1957.
Chem. Abs., vol. 51:10928h, Properties of Solutions of Mixtures of Alkylbenzene Sulfonate and Soap , Nevolin et al., 1957. *

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4990373A (en) * 1989-09-29 1991-02-05 Rusmar Incorporated Membrane-forming foam composition and method
WO1991004786A1 (fr) * 1989-09-29 1991-04-18 Rusmar Incorporated Methode pour realiser une barriere de mousse entre un substrat et l'atmosphere et compositions pour ce faire, et procede pour melanger avec de l'eau des compositions visqueuses formant de la mousse sans faire mousser le melange
WO1991004796A1 (fr) * 1989-09-29 1991-04-18 Rusmar Incorporated Methode de fabrication et composition d'une mousse formant une membrane
US5096616A (en) * 1989-09-29 1992-03-17 Rusmar Incorporated Method of providing a foam barrier between a substrate and the atmosphere and compositions therefor
US5079036A (en) * 1990-07-27 1992-01-07 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Method of inhibiting freezing and improving flow and handleability characteristics of solid, particulate materials
US5011330A (en) * 1990-08-08 1991-04-30 Rusmar Incorporated Foam distribution apparatus
US5169560A (en) * 1990-09-17 1992-12-08 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Control of foam in hydrocarbon fluids
US5133991A (en) * 1990-09-18 1992-07-28 Chubb National Foam, Inc. Method for applying a biodegradable protein foam to a substrate
EP0476469A2 (fr) * 1990-09-18 1992-03-25 Chubb National Foam Inc. Méthode d'application d'une mousse biodégradable à base de protéine sur un substrat
EP0476469A3 (en) * 1990-09-18 1993-01-20 Chubb National Foam Inc. Method for applying a biodegradable protein foam to a substrate
WO1993003797A1 (fr) * 1991-08-20 1993-03-04 Rusmar Incorporated Composition destinee a produire une barriere de mousse entre un substrat et l'atmosphere, et procede d'utilisation
US5215786A (en) * 1991-08-20 1993-06-01 Rusmar Incorporated Composition for providing a foam barrier between a substrate and the atmosphere and the method of use
AU654739B2 (en) * 1991-08-20 1994-11-17 Rusmar Incorporated Composition for providing a foam barrier between a substrate and the atmosphere and the method of use
JPH05214156A (ja) * 1991-10-15 1993-08-24 Merck & Co Inc ゲル化発泡体
US5482733A (en) * 1993-08-02 1996-01-09 Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. Method for controlling and/or eliminating harmful lawn grass insects using non-pollutive substance
US5902597A (en) * 1995-03-27 1999-05-11 Nippon Eisei Center Co., Ltd Under floor insect control method for residential structures
US5804641A (en) * 1995-04-12 1998-09-08 Nippon Eisei Center Co., Ltd. Foamable composition for creating a barrier to prevent attack of humidity, fungi and insects
US5549869A (en) * 1995-04-12 1996-08-27 Nippon Eisei Center Co., Ltd. Method of creating a barrier to wood materials and wooden structures from attack by humidity, fungi and insects
US5853050A (en) * 1997-05-07 1998-12-29 Rusmar Incorporated Composition and method for generating a foam barrier and methods of use thereof
US7022651B1 (en) 1997-08-06 2006-04-04 Lightcap Jr Donald V Composition, method, and apparatus for protecting plants from injury caused by frost or freezing temperatures
US20020108238A1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2002-08-15 Kazuya Ohta Semiconductor device mounting jig
US6369122B1 (en) 2000-06-14 2002-04-09 Rhodia Inc. Agricultural foam marker compositions and use thereof
US6376566B1 (en) 2000-06-14 2002-04-23 Rhodia Inc. Agricultural foam marker compositions and use thereof
US20030032203A1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2003-02-13 Sabatini David M. Small molecule microarrays
US20050163571A1 (en) * 2003-01-16 2005-07-28 Kittle Paul A. Gas recovery from landfills using aqueous foam
US20080255255A1 (en) * 2007-04-13 2008-10-16 Rusmar Incorporated Foam composition
US7659316B2 (en) 2007-04-13 2010-02-09 Rusmar Incorporated Foam composition
US20090033140A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Pile James D Use Of Foam To Increase Resistance To Gas Flow In Mine Applications And Apparatus For Delivering Same
US20110048085A1 (en) * 2009-09-02 2011-03-03 Mr. H Keith Otsuki Temporary slurry sprayed permeable cover design for erosion protection and passive biofiltration of methane, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odors from area sources.
US10071269B2 (en) 2012-01-12 2018-09-11 Rusmar Incorporated Method and apparatus for applying rock dust to a mine wall
US9044796B1 (en) * 2013-03-13 2015-06-02 Tda Research, Inc. Method of encapsulating waste
US9228435B2 (en) 2013-10-24 2016-01-05 Rusmar Incorporated Method and apparatus for applying rock dust to a mine wall
US9551126B1 (en) * 2014-02-12 2017-01-24 Moretrench American Corporation Methods of inhibiting subterranean groundwater flow through an opening in frozen soil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0446307A1 (fr) 1991-09-18
WO1991004105A1 (fr) 1991-04-04
DE68917477T2 (de) 1995-05-24
AU5165290A (en) 1991-04-18
EP0446307B1 (fr) 1994-08-10
EP0446307A4 (en) 1992-03-11
AU625843B2 (en) 1992-07-16
JPH05504486A (ja) 1993-07-15
JP2926269B2 (ja) 1999-07-28
CA1299055C (fr) 1992-04-21
DE68917477D1 (de) 1994-09-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4874641A (en) Method of providing a barrier between a substrate and the atmosphere and compositions therefor
US3586624A (en) Waste disposal method and system
US3763072A (en) Soil adhesion composition of acrylic latex and sodium silicate
Skousen et al. Acid mine drainage control and treatment
US4990373A (en) Membrane-forming foam composition and method
US4731120A (en) Fill, covering material and embedding material incorporating a hydraulic and a latent-hydraulic binder
US5133991A (en) Method for applying a biodegradable protein foam to a substrate
CA2062203C (fr) Denitrification d'un effluent de fosse septique
US5399048A (en) Method of capping exposed land areas and particulate materials deposited thereon
EP0577730A1 (fr) Couverture synthetique pour tas de dechets
RU2303011C1 (ru) Строительный материал "буролит"
WO1994005863A2 (fr) Revetement d'etancheite
US20090149691A1 (en) Ecofriendly oil-binding agent for use on liquids and soils
JP2003261872A (ja) 土壌乾燥防止剤及び土壌乾燥防止方法
US4251362A (en) Method of, products and devices for processing polluting materials such in particular as hydrocarbons cast up by the sea, waste sludges
JPH0971777A (ja) ヘドロ及び軟弱土壌の固化処理土の中和処理工法
Guarino et al. Land and sea solids management alternatives in Philadelphia
JP2651781B2 (ja) 廃棄物処分方法
JP3884438B2 (ja) 土砂流出防止工法及び土砂流出防止剤散布装置
Birst et al. Chemical Additive Usage on Unpaved Roads in the Mountain-Plains States
Greenlees et al. Stabilizing cattle feedlot soil with fluidized bed combustor ash
Plueddemann Soil treatment with silicones for water harvesting
Valea et al. Actions to reduce air pollution from a coal thermal power plant
Vaux et al. Oil Spill Treatment with Composted Domestic Refuse
JPH067759A (ja) 廃棄物処分方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: RUSMAR INCORPORATED, 800 EAST VIRGINIA AVENUE, WES

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:KITTLE, PAUL A.;REEL/FRAME:004951/0241

Effective date: 19880916

Owner name: RUSMAR INCORPORATED, 800 EAST VIRGINIA AVENUE, WES

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KITTLE, PAUL A.;REEL/FRAME:004951/0241

Effective date: 19880916

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

CC Certificate of correction
FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAYER NUMBER DE-ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: RMPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAT HLDR NO LONGER CLAIMS SMALL ENT STAT AS INDIV INVENTOR (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: LSM1); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 12