US4767452A - Process for separating metals by distillation and condensation - Google Patents

Process for separating metals by distillation and condensation Download PDF

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Publication number
US4767452A
US4767452A US06/881,636 US88163686A US4767452A US 4767452 A US4767452 A US 4767452A US 88163686 A US88163686 A US 88163686A US 4767452 A US4767452 A US 4767452A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
melt
distillation
vessel
metal
furnace
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US06/881,636
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English (en)
Inventor
Otto Stenzel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Balzers und Leybold Deutschland Holding AG
Original Assignee
Leybold Heraeus GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to LEYBOLD-HERAEUS GMBH, A GERMAN CORP reassignment LEYBOLD-HERAEUS GMBH, A GERMAN CORP ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: STENZEL, OTTO
Assigned to LEYBOLD AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment LEYBOLD AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LEYBOLD-HERAEUS GMBH
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/14—Charging or discharging liquid or molten material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/02—Crucible or pot furnaces with tilting or rocking arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B2014/002—Smelting process, e.g. sequences to melt a specific material
    • F27B2014/004—Process involving a smelting step, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B2014/0875—Two zones or chambers, e.g. one used for charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B2014/0887—Movement of the melt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0085—Movement of the container or support of the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0086—Up or down
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
    • F27D2099/0008—Resistor heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for separating molten metals by distillation and condensation with continuous heating and movement of a metal melt in a melt vessel.
  • the invention relates to a process for dezincifying so-called "Reichschaum", that is, dross from the Parkes process, the dross being a zinc-containing lead-silver-copper alloy that forms when lead is desilvered using zinc.
  • Le Ferrer furnace is a stationary furnace with a steel shell and a thick, multilayer brick lining, in the lower part of which a type of trough is built to receive the molten material.
  • the interior of the furnace has an elliptical cross section, in the upper section of which graphite heating rods are arranged parallel to the axis of the furnace and pass through the entire furnace.
  • a condenser to condense and recover the zinc is attached directly to the furnace transversely to the axis of the furnace.
  • the condenser has a vertical, cylindrical condensing surface, to which a horizontal receiver for the zinc melt is connected.
  • the furnace and condenser each have a tapping hole for the purified and condensed metal melt, respectively.
  • the melt sloshes back and forth in the direction of the longitudinal axis, an intensive mixing of the melt resulting, so that the melt particles are brought rapidly from the bottom region into region of the surface of the melt.
  • the extent of the rocking motion that is, the amplitude, by which the melt vessel must be moved, can be kept to a minimum, if the frequency of the rocking motion is selected in the range of the natural oscillation frequency (i.e. movement of melt relative to vessel) of the melt. In this way, the motion of the melt is especially intensive because of the resonance process.
  • the pumping capacity of the vacuum pumps can, moreover, be kept to a minimum, because the pumps must draw off only the flow from any leaks and/or gases released from the melt.
  • Supplementary electromagnetic devices for moving the melt are not required and, in the simplest form, it is possible to make the well known Le Ferrer furnace tiltable in practically an unchanged form by supporting it on an articulated axle and equipping it with a drive mechanism for producing periodic tilting motions.
  • the intensity of the motion of the melt can advantageously be increased further owing to the fact that the melt, during its back and forth motion, is allowed to flow over at least one obstruction projecting upwards from the bottom of the melt vessel.
  • this obstruction can be a dam or a flow barrier extending across the entire width of the melting vessel. Owing to the fact that the melt, in its back and forth motion, flows in free fall over this obstruction into the furnace space that is lower at that moment, every part of the melt is exposed to the vacuum prevailing in the interior of the furnace, so that effective evaporation of the metal that is to be driven off (for example, zinc) is possible.
  • the purifying and swirling actions can be improved further by constructing the edges of the obstruction, where the melt overflows, as sharp-edged.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 An example of the operation of the object of the invention will be illustrated in greater detail with the help of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical, axial section through the distillation part of the equipment.
  • FIG. 2 shows a vertical, radial section through the distillation part in the region of the condenser part, as well as a section in the same plane and through this condenser part.
  • the distillation part 1 of the equipment which has a cylindrical steel shell 2 with dished heads 3 and 4 on the front ends and a ceramic lining 5 comprising several layers in practice, but represented here as one layer for the sake of simplicity.
  • the lining 5 encloses a furnace interior space 6 having an elliptical cross section (FIG. 2), in the upper region of which two graphite heating rods 7 are provided. These heating rods run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the furnace, that is, parallel to the axis of the steel shell 2. At both ends, the heating rods 7 pass through the dished heads 3 and 4 in a vacuum-tight and electrically insulated manner and their external ends are provided with electrical connections 8 and 9.
  • a channel 10 runs from the approximate center of the furnace interior space 6 in a lateral direction to a condenser part 11, which is rigidly connected with the distillation part 1. Details will be explained in greater detail below with the help of FIG. 2.
  • the lower region of the distillation part 1 forms a melting vessel 12, which is filled to a given level with a melt 13 of the material, which is to be purified by distillation.
  • the melting vessel (and, thus, the entire equipment) is connected to horizontal articulated axles 15 of two swivel bearing 16 via struts 14 fastened to the steel shell 2.
  • the swivel bearing 16 are firmly anchored in a mounting surface 17.
  • a drive mechanism 18 is disposed between the steel shell 2 and a lower-lying part of the mounting surface 17.
  • the drive mechanism 18 can be constructed as a mechanism driven by a hydraulic piston.
  • the drive mechanism 18 is joined to the steel shell 2 and to the mounting surface 17 via additional articulated axles 19 and 20 and corresponding swivel bearings 21 and 22.
  • an obstruction 23 projecting upwards is provided, which also is made of a refractory material and, extends across the entire width of the melt vessel 12 and can being constructed in the area of its overflow edges as sharp-edged.
  • the longitudinal axis of the obstruction 23 runs parallel to the articulated axles 15. In this way, two partial spaces for the melt are formed on either side of the obstruction, the height of said spaces periodically changing relative to each other, so that the melt 13 is forced to flow over the obstruction. In so doing, intensive mixing of the melt, as well as an intensive exchange of gas between the surface of the melt and the surrounding atmosphere (vacuum) take place.
  • the interior space 6 of the furnace is connected via the previously described channel 10 with the condenser part 11, said condenser part having a vertical, cylindrical condensing surface 24 and a horizontal receiver 25 for the condensate 26.
  • the condenser part 11 is naturally subjected to the same tilting or rocking motion as a result of its rigid connection to the distillation part 1, so that a (vulnerable) swivel connection between the distillation part and the condenser part can be omitted.
  • the distillation part 1 has a tapping hole 27 at one end of the melt vessel 12 for the purified melt 13, while the condenser part 11 has a tapping hole 28 at the lowest point of the receiver 25 for the condensate 26.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US06/881,636 1985-10-11 1986-07-03 Process for separating metals by distillation and condensation Expired - Fee Related US4767452A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3536277 1985-10-11
DE19853536277 DE3536277A1 (de) 1985-10-11 1985-10-11 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trennen von metallen durch destillation und kondensation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4767452A true US4767452A (en) 1988-08-30

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US06/881,636 Expired - Fee Related US4767452A (en) 1985-10-11 1986-07-03 Process for separating metals by distillation and condensation

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US (1) US4767452A (de)
DE (1) DE3536277A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10378083B2 (en) * 2013-06-26 2019-08-13 Taha International Sa Aluminium dross processing

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0885977B1 (de) * 1997-06-17 2001-10-04 Baudelet, S.A. Gefässvorrichtung zur Behandlung von Metallschmelzen

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1006876A (en) * 1910-01-07 1911-10-24 Queneau Electric Zinc Furnace Company Metallurgy of zinc ores and compounds.
US1897647A (en) * 1930-12-06 1933-02-14 William Steel Jackson Method and apparatus for mixing a furnace charge
DE1033907B (de) * 1955-05-20 1958-07-10 Ferdinand Leferrer Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Destillation des Zinks aus Reichschaum

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE972383C (de) * 1937-12-22 1959-07-09 Siemens Ag Anordnung zur Erzeugung oszillierender mechanischer Schwingungen in Metallschmelzen
DE833128C (de) * 1948-10-06 1952-11-24 Clemens Hannen Erschuetterungsvorrichtung zur Abscheidung von Beimengungen aus schmelzfluessigen Metallbaedern
DE922550C (de) * 1952-06-22 1955-01-20 Siemens Ag Anordnung zur Bearbeitung von Metallschmelzen mit Schwingungen
DE2728173A1 (de) * 1977-06-23 1979-01-04 Rudolf Koppatz Ruehrwerk fuer metallschmelzen
DE2837510C3 (de) * 1977-08-30 1981-10-22 Gennadij Vasil'evič Kujbyšev Čerepok Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur gasdynamischen Vermischung von flüssigen Metallen

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1006876A (en) * 1910-01-07 1911-10-24 Queneau Electric Zinc Furnace Company Metallurgy of zinc ores and compounds.
US1897647A (en) * 1930-12-06 1933-02-14 William Steel Jackson Method and apparatus for mixing a furnace charge
DE1033907B (de) * 1955-05-20 1958-07-10 Ferdinand Leferrer Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Destillation des Zinks aus Reichschaum

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10378083B2 (en) * 2013-06-26 2019-08-13 Taha International Sa Aluminium dross processing

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DE3536277A1 (de) 1987-04-16

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AS Assignment

Owner name: LEYBOLD-HERAEUS GMBH, BONNER STRASSE 498, D-5000 K

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:STENZEL, OTTO;REEL/FRAME:004638/0506

Effective date: 19860926

Owner name: LEYBOLD-HERAEUS GMBH, A GERMAN CORP,GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STENZEL, OTTO;REEL/FRAME:004638/0506

Effective date: 19860926

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Owner name: LEYBOLD AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:LEYBOLD-HERAEUS GMBH;REEL/FRAME:004954/0049

Effective date: 19871001

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FP Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee

Effective date: 19920830

STCH Information on status: patent discontinuation

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362