US4745990A - Lubricant injector and apparatus for lubricating moving points of lubrication - Google Patents

Lubricant injector and apparatus for lubricating moving points of lubrication Download PDF

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Publication number
US4745990A
US4745990A US07/032,837 US3283787A US4745990A US 4745990 A US4745990 A US 4745990A US 3283787 A US3283787 A US 3283787A US 4745990 A US4745990 A US 4745990A
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United States
Prior art keywords
lubricant
injector
piston
disposed
control
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US07/032,837
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English (en)
Inventor
Horst Saretzky
Siegfried Bemba
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De Limon Fluhme GmbH
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De Limon Fluhme GmbH
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Assigned to DE LIMON FLUHME GMBH & CO., ARMINSTRASSE 15, 4000 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY reassignment DE LIMON FLUHME GMBH & CO., ARMINSTRASSE 15, 4000 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BEMBA, SIEGFRIED, SARETZKY, HORST
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Publication of US4745990A publication Critical patent/US4745990A/en
Assigned to DE LIMON FLUHME GMBH reassignment DE LIMON FLUHME GMBH CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE ON 07/10/1990 Assignors: DE LIMON FLUHME & CO., DE LIMON FLUHME GMBH & CO.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N13/00—Lubricating-pumps
    • F16N13/02—Lubricating-pumps with reciprocating piston
    • F16N13/06—Actuation of lubricating-pumps
    • F16N13/16—Actuation of lubricating-pumps with fluid drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G45/00—Lubricating, cleaning, or clearing devices
    • B65G45/02—Lubricating devices
    • B65G45/08—Lubricating devices for chains

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lubricant injector for an apparatus for lubricating moving points of lubrication, especially rollers of a chain conveyer where the bearings of the rollers can be refilled with lubricant via a lubricant fitting on which the injector can be pressed during the lubricating process.
  • the injector has a housing with an inlet for receiving lubricant and an injector tip for placement on the lubricant fitting, with a spring-loaded feed piston being disposed in the housing and serving to transfer lubricant from the inlet to the injector tip.
  • the present invention also relates to an apparatus for lubricating moving points of lubrication, especially a central lubricating unit for rollers of a chain conveyer.
  • a central lubricating unit of this general type is known for lubricating the support rollers of a chain conveyer with which automobile body parts from a paint shop are introduced into a furnace for baking the paint. Due to the thermal stresses and the therewith connected evaporation of a roller bearing that is permanently filled with lubricant, it is necessary, in conformity with need, that the bearings of the supporting rollers be provided with a measured quantity of lubricant in order for the chain to rotate.
  • a central nipple or fitting is provided in the roller support or on the roller pin, with this fitting supplying lubricant for the bearing to the interior of the associated roller via a transverse bore when lubricant under pressure is supplied via an injector that is placed on the fitting.
  • the heretofore known injector of such a central lubrication unit has, in a housing, a feed piston that is actuated by compressed air and with which a predetermined amount of lubricant can be discharged via the injector tip to the lubricant fitting.
  • a check valve is disposed in the injector tip. In the relief cycle, the piston is again moved into its rest position via a compression spring, whereby lubricant again flows to the feed piston.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one exemplary embodiment of the inventive lubricant injector in the initial position
  • FIG. 1A is an enlarged fragmentary view of one side of the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the lubricant injector of FIG. 1 in the lubricating position (pressure cycle);
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the lubricant injector of FIG. 1 in the redirecting position (relief cycle);
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of a roller-lubricating apparatus
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the roller-lubricating apparatus of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of a lubricant injector along with the entrainment element of the roller-lubricating apparatus of FIG. 4, with the entrainment element being disengaged;
  • FIG. 7 is a view similar to that of FIG. 6, with the entrainment element being in engagement;
  • FIG. 8 shows the overall lubricating apparatus as a circuit diagram.
  • the lubricant injector of the present invention is characterized primarily by: a spring-loaded movable piston that is disposed in the housing and is actuated with compressed air, with the injector tip being connected to the movable piston; an annular gap that communicates with the inlet is provided between the housing and the movable piston, with the latter having a discharge side, facing the injector tip, that is provided with a coaxially disposed cylindrical chamber; the movable piston also has a bore that connects the annular gap and the cylindrical chamber; a cylindrical body for a spring-loaded control piston and the feed piston is disposed in the cylindrical chamber, with play, in such a way that a transfer passage is provided that leads from one side of the feed piston to an opposite side thereof that communicates with the injector tip, with the feed piston being disposed between the control piston and the injector tip; the cylindrical body is furthermore disposed in the cylindrical chamber in such a way as to leave free a preliminary control chamber that communicates with the bore of the movable piston; the cylindrical body also has
  • the present invention provides a lubricant injector that, for placement on the lubricant fitting, does not have to be moved in its entirety since the injector tip is only telescopically placed on the fitting via the movable piston.
  • the "inner" configuration of the movable piston and of the housing for discharge of the lubricant provide for precisely measured quantities of lubricant without the danger of dripping lubricant after conclusion of the pressure cycle. Due to the coaxial construction, a trouble-free flowing of the lubricant through the injector is also assured in each redirection phase, so that high counter pressures on the fitting side can also be overcome.
  • control piston and feed piston be actuated by lubricant pressure independently of one another, that the springs of the control piston and feed piston exert auxiliary control in the same operative direction, and that the transfer passage have an annular shape.
  • a sealing member is preferably disposed in the discharge channel of the injector tip.
  • control piston and feed piston To facilitate coordination of the functions of the control piston and feed piston, as well as of the various internal lubricant redirecting, it is advantageous to close-off the cylindrical bore for the control piston relative to the cylindrical bore for the feed piston via an inserted separator.
  • control piston and feed piston can generally be biased by equivalent springs.
  • a control piston is provided between its two ends with an annular gap that is formed by a reduction of the cross-sectional area and that in the operating position establishes the connection from the preliminary control chamber to that control channel that communicates directly with one side of the feed piston, with that control channel that leads to the transfer passage being closed by the control piston.
  • a star disk can be provided that is disposed between the cylindrical body and the injector tip, and leaves openings for redirecting the lubricant free.
  • the inventive apparatus for lubricating moving points of lubrication especially a central lubricating unit for the rollers of a chain conveyer where the bearings of the rollers can be refilled with lubricant via a lubricant fitting, has a lubricant supply line, a lubricant injector having the aforementioned features that is actuated by compressed air and can be moved for pressing onto the lubricant fitting, and a control mechanism, for the lubricating process, that depends on the movements of the parts that are to be lubricated.
  • the inventive apparatus is characterized primarily by: a carriage that is movable with the lubricant fitting and can be coupled to the movement of the latter, with the injector being disposed on the carriage; an entrainment element mounted on the carriage for contacting a part that is to be lubricated; a compressed-air cylinder that is disposed on the carriage and has a piston rod; a lever arm that operatively connects the piston rod and the entrainment element; a first control element that is tripped by a part that is to be lubricated, thereupon triggering the carriage-injector/lubricant fitting coupling by activating the compressed-air cylinder, whereupon the piston rod, via the lever arm, brings the entrainment element into a position to contact a part that is to be lubricated and thereby establishes a synchronous movement of the carriage-injector/lubricant fitting; a second control element that is triggered by the carriage for releasing a supply of air to the movable piston of the inject
  • control elements are advantageously in the form of light barriers or proximity switches.
  • two injectors are disposed opposite one another. These injectors undertake the lubricating process either simultaneously or by being activated individually.
  • the piston rod of the air cylinder is connected to two oppositely disposed lever arms and entrainment elements.
  • An impact dampening mechanism is expediently provided to limit the return movement of the carriage.
  • the lubricant injector 1 essentially comprises a hollow cylindrical housing 2 in which is disposed a movable piston 4 that is actuated by compressed air and is biased by a spring 3.
  • a step or shoulder 5 is formed in the housing 2 to support the spring 3.
  • An appropriate step or shoulder at the left end (in the drawing) of the movable piston 4 serves as a counter abutment for the return spring 3.
  • the back stop for the piston 4 in the path of travel is formed by a threaded plug 6 that is screwed into the end face of the housing and that has a central air inlet 7.
  • the movable piston 4 is connected to an injector tip 8.
  • annular gap 9 is left free in the central region between the movable piston 4 and the housing 2. Via a transverse bore 11 of the movable piston 4, the annular gap 9 connects a lubricant inlet 10 formed in the housing 2 with a cylindrical chamber 12 that is coaxially formed in the movable piston 4 at the output end (the right end in the drawing).
  • the cylindrical chamber 12 has a number of steps or shoulders, so that from the direction of the end face, a cylindrical body 13 can be placed in the chamber 12. By means of a shoulder, the cylindrical body 13 is held against a step at the back end, and at the output end the cylindrical body 13 is held by the screwed-in injector tip 8. Disposed between the injector tip 8 and the cylindrical body 13 is a star disk 14 that leaves openings free for redirecting lubricant.
  • the cylindrical body 13 accommodates a control piston 16 that is biased by a spring 15, and a plunger or feed piston 18 that is biased in the same operative direction by a spring 17 of the same size; the position of the piston 18 can be adjusted to alter the quantities that are to be fed or conveyed.
  • the cylindrical body 13 is inserted with play relative to the cylindrical chamber 12 of the movable piston 4 so that an annular gap is provided to form a transfer passage 19 that leads from one side (the left side in the drawing) of the feed piston 18 to the other side thereof (the right side in the drawing). Furthermore, the cylindrical body 13 leaves free a preliminary control chamber 20 in the left end of the cylindrical chamber 12, and has channels 21 (FIG. 2) that are controlled by the control piston 16. At one end of the feed piston 18 (the left end in the drawing), further control channels 22 and 66, which can be brought into communication with the transfer passage 19, are formed in the cylindrical body 13.
  • a bore is provided in the center of the injector tip 8 as the lubricant discharge channel 23.
  • the channel 23 connects the right end of the feed piston 18 with a discharge opening 24 of the injector tip 8, with this opening 24 being shaped in conformity to a conical or funnel-shaped nipple or fitting.
  • a sealing member 25 is placed in the channel 23 and has a truncated-cone-shaped configuration which under the pressure of the lubricant releases the flow in the direction of discharge only, while sealing tightly in the opposite direction.
  • the cylinder bore for the control piston 16 is closed-off from the cylinder bore for the feed piston 18 by an inserted separator 26.
  • the control piston 16 is provided approximately in the middle with a reduced cross-sectional area that provides an annular gap 28 relative to the cylindrical body 13; this annular gap 28 represents a transfer chamber for lubricant.
  • FIG. 2 shows the pressure cycle, whereby after the lubricant inlet 10 is pressurized, the pressurization is transmitted via the annular gap 9 and the transverse bores 11 in the movable piston 4 to the preliminary control chamber 20.
  • the control piston 16 is shifted to the right hand position illustrated in FIG. 2 against the force of the spring 15, so that lubricant from the preliminary control chamber 20 passes via the control channels 21, the annular gap 28 in the control piston 16, as well as the control channels 22 to below the feed piston 18 (the left side).
  • the control channel 66 is closed in this position.
  • the feed piston 18 moves to the right against the force of its spring 17 and forces the lubricant stored in front of it (the right side) through the discharge channel 23 and the discharge opening 24 into the in-place lubricating fitting as an outlet. At this point the line pressure is greater than the spring forces.
  • FIGS. 4 to 8 illustrate a central lubricator for rollers 29 of a chain conveyer 30.
  • the bearings of the rollers 29 can be refilled with lubricant via a lubricant nipple or fitting 31.
  • two oppositely disposed lubricant injectors 1 of the type illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 are used.
  • the chain conveyer 30 essentially comprises a double-T beam 32 on which are disposed a plurality of spaced-apart support rollers 29.
  • the rollers 29 are respectively mounted on a central roller pin via a bearing 33.
  • Lubricant is supplied to the bearing 33 via the fitting 31, the roller pin, and a transverse bore.
  • Each roller 29 carries a chain-support element 34 for a driven endless chain 35, and is also equipped to a hold a non-illustrated load hook for the material that is being supported.
  • a rectangular mounting plate 38 Secured to the top of the double-T beam 32 is a rectangular mounting plate 38 that carries four support elements 39 to support two spaced-apart guide rods 40 that extend parallel to one another and to the double-T beam 32.
  • the carriage 41 Disposed on the guide rods 40 is a carriage 41 that can be shifted axially, i.e. in the direction of the movement of the support rollers 29.
  • the carriage 41 has a square frame 36, the elements of which are connected by holding plates 37 for two oppositely disposed injectors 1.
  • Supported in the carriage frame 36 are four bearing supports 42 through which the guide rods 40 extend, thus enabling the axial shiftability of the entire carriage counter to the force of return compression springs 43 that are disposed on the guide rods 40.
  • a support bracket 44 for an air cylinder 45 is secured to the carriage frame 36, for example by being welded thereto.
  • the piston rod 46 of the air cylinder 45 is provided with a plate 47 against which two lever arms 48 rest.
  • the lever arms 48 are pivotable by the extended piston rod 46 of the air cylinder 45 counter to the force of a respective spring 49 disposed between the support bracket 44 and the associated lever arm 48.
  • Small rollers 50 disposed on the free ends of the slightly bent lever arms 48 facilitates cooperation of the latter with the plate 47.
  • a support plate 67 on the upper portion of the carriage frame 36, as well as a correspondingly shaped support plate 68 on the lower portion of the frame, are provided with support bearings for two vertically extending shafts 51, 52 that, at the level of the injectors 1, i.e. the shafts of the support rollers 29, respectively carry a rod-like entrainment element 53, 54.
  • the entrainment elements 53, 54 pass into the region of movement of the rollers 29, hence establishing the positive connection roller/carriage for a common movement.
  • the local coordination between the entrainment elements 53, 54 and the injectors 1 is such that it is possible to absolutely accurately place the injector tip 8 on the associated lubricant fitting 31 of the roller bearing that is to be lubricated.
  • the top of the carriage frame 36 is furthermore provided with a stop mechanism 55 that, in order to brake the return movement of the carriage 41, cooperates with an impact dampening mechanism 56 which is of the shock-absorber type and is secured to the mounting plate 38 at a corresponding level.
  • FIG. 8 The operational diagram for the lubricating apparatus described above is illustrated in FIG. 8. Pursuant to this circuit diagram, the entire lubricating apparatus is activated as soon as the chain 35 of the conveyor moves.
  • a chain-support element 34 passes a light barrier 57 that has been positioned in conformity to the path of movement, first a 3/2-way valve 58 in a compressed air supply line 59 is set to allow through-passage, and the air cylinder 45 is supplied with compressed air via a 5/2-way valve 60.
  • the piston rod 46 of the cylinder 45 moves to the left out of the position illustrated in FIG. 4 and hence pivots the lever arms 48 that are resting against the plate 47.
  • the carriage 41 now activates a proximity switch 61 via which a 3/2-way valve 62 releases the supply of air to the movable piston 4 of each injector 1.
  • the injector tip 8 is placed on and pressed against the respective lubricant fitting 31 of the roller 29.
  • a 5/2-way valve 63 is subsequently tripped, with delay, and, via a 3/2-way valve 64, releases lubricant to the lubricant inlet 10 of the injector, so that the various movements of the control piston 16 and feed piston 18 of the respective injector are activated, and lubrication of the roller bearing 33 is undertaken from both sides with a measured quantity of lubricant.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
US07/032,837 1987-01-13 1987-03-31 Lubricant injector and apparatus for lubricating moving points of lubrication Expired - Fee Related US4745990A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873700782 DE3700782A1 (de) 1987-01-13 1987-01-13 Schmierstoff-injektor und vorrichtung zur schmierung von wandernden schmierstellen
DE3700782 1987-01-13

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US4745990A true US4745990A (en) 1988-05-24

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US07/032,837 Expired - Fee Related US4745990A (en) 1987-01-13 1987-03-31 Lubricant injector and apparatus for lubricating moving points of lubrication

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US (1) US4745990A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0274559B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3700782A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5186280A (en) * 1991-05-03 1993-02-16 Mattcheck Donald L High temperature oven conveyor chain lubrication system
ES2049151A2 (es) * 1990-11-30 1994-04-01 Voith Gmbh J M Dispositivo engrasador para el engrase de gorrones de una cadena transportadora.
GB2358441A (en) * 2000-01-18 2001-07-25 Jo Bee Liu Axle bearing lubricating device
EP2873906A1 (en) 2013-11-14 2015-05-20 Industrial Manufacturing Company International, LLC Lubricant injector
EP2966013A1 (en) * 2014-07-09 2016-01-13 SKF Lubrication Systems France Telescopic lubrication injector, notably for grease injection system
CN112413384A (zh) * 2019-08-21 2021-02-26 德国斯凯孚润滑油系统有限责任公司 润滑剂计量组件
EP3652479B1 (en) * 2017-07-14 2024-03-06 Lubecore International Inc. Lubricant injector

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT391013B (de) * 1987-12-14 1990-08-10 Neuson Hydraulik Ges M B H & C Vorrichtung zum schmieren von laufrollen, kettenbolzen u. dgl.
BE1003828A3 (fr) * 1990-02-28 1992-06-23 Gordinne Alain Appareil destine a huiler ou graisser des chaines a roulements pour convoyeurs.
FR2700189B1 (fr) * 1993-01-06 1995-03-31 Trans Hydro Installation automatique pour la lubrification d'organes qui se déplacent selon une trajectoire déterminée.
FR2700200B1 (fr) * 1993-01-06 1995-03-31 Trans Hydro Procédé de commande d'une installation de lubrification.

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US2886134A (en) * 1955-03-16 1959-05-12 Tecalemit Ltd Lubricating apparatus
DE1138952B (de) * 1960-02-29 1962-10-31 Strojosvit Np Dosiereinrichtung fuer Schmiermittel, Fluessigkeiten u. dgl.
US3135355A (en) * 1962-03-26 1964-06-02 Olsen Mfg Company Conveyor lubricating apparatus
US3771623A (en) * 1968-07-30 1973-11-13 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Lubricant assembly for supplying lubricant to chain links
DE2352868A1 (de) * 1973-10-22 1975-04-30 Torwegge Maschf F Abschmiervorrichtung fuer transportketten
US3895690A (en) * 1974-03-12 1975-07-22 Madison Kipp Corp Lubricator assembly with automatic reset

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FR1098589A (fr) * 1954-01-19 1955-08-08 Perfectionnements apportés aux clapets applicables notamment aux distributeurs pour dosage par cloche à air d'un système de graissage central
GB919107A (en) * 1958-03-20 1963-02-20 Alfred Schmemann Improvements in or relating to lubricating devices
DE1777138U (de) * 1958-08-09 1958-11-06 Alfred R Dipl Ing Schlosshauer Vorrichtung zum selbsttaetigen abschmieren wandernder schmierstellen.
DE1190393B (de) * 1960-03-11 1965-04-01 King Ltd Geo W Selbsttaetige Schmiervorrichtung fuer die Laufkatzenraeder eines Foerderers waehrendihrer Bewegung
GB1092602A (en) * 1964-05-29 1967-11-29 Tecalemit Engineering Automatic lubricating apparatus for use in lubricating the bearings of rollers or wheels of mobile conveying apparatus
US3446314A (en) * 1965-12-20 1969-05-27 John A Sweeney Conveyor trolley wheel lubricator
US4067414A (en) * 1976-08-18 1978-01-10 Funke Ludwig F Lubricant fitting
US4368803A (en) * 1980-08-07 1983-01-18 Madison-Kipp Corporation Apparatus for dispensing fluid onto a moving mechanical system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2886134A (en) * 1955-03-16 1959-05-12 Tecalemit Ltd Lubricating apparatus
DE1138952B (de) * 1960-02-29 1962-10-31 Strojosvit Np Dosiereinrichtung fuer Schmiermittel, Fluessigkeiten u. dgl.
US3135355A (en) * 1962-03-26 1964-06-02 Olsen Mfg Company Conveyor lubricating apparatus
US3771623A (en) * 1968-07-30 1973-11-13 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Lubricant assembly for supplying lubricant to chain links
DE2352868A1 (de) * 1973-10-22 1975-04-30 Torwegge Maschf F Abschmiervorrichtung fuer transportketten
US3895690A (en) * 1974-03-12 1975-07-22 Madison Kipp Corp Lubricator assembly with automatic reset

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2049151A2 (es) * 1990-11-30 1994-04-01 Voith Gmbh J M Dispositivo engrasador para el engrase de gorrones de una cadena transportadora.
US5186280A (en) * 1991-05-03 1993-02-16 Mattcheck Donald L High temperature oven conveyor chain lubrication system
GB2358441A (en) * 2000-01-18 2001-07-25 Jo Bee Liu Axle bearing lubricating device
US9759377B2 (en) 2013-11-14 2017-09-12 Industrial Manufacturing Company International, LLC Lubricant injector
US9243749B2 (en) 2013-11-14 2016-01-26 Industrial Manufacturing Company International, LLC Lubricant injector
EP2873906A1 (en) 2013-11-14 2015-05-20 Industrial Manufacturing Company International, LLC Lubricant injector
EP2966013A1 (en) * 2014-07-09 2016-01-13 SKF Lubrication Systems France Telescopic lubrication injector, notably for grease injection system
CN105253578A (zh) * 2014-07-09 2016-01-20 法国Skf润滑油系统公司 用于油脂喷射系统的伸缩润滑喷射器
US20160016737A1 (en) * 2014-07-09 2016-01-21 Skf Lubrication Systems France Telescopic lubrication injector, notably for grease injection system operator
US9701484B2 (en) * 2014-07-09 2017-07-11 Skf Lubrication Systems France Telescopic lubrication injector, notably for grease injection system operator
CN105253578B (zh) * 2014-07-09 2019-12-03 法国Skf润滑油系统公司 用于油脂喷射系统的伸缩润滑喷射器
EP3652479B1 (en) * 2017-07-14 2024-03-06 Lubecore International Inc. Lubricant injector
CN112413384A (zh) * 2019-08-21 2021-02-26 德国斯凯孚润滑油系统有限责任公司 润滑剂计量组件

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0274559A2 (de) 1988-07-20
DE3700782C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-01-18
EP0274559A3 (en) 1988-12-07
DE3700782A1 (de) 1988-07-28
EP0274559B1 (de) 1990-09-12
DE3764946D1 (de) 1990-10-18

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